New Crops/Technologies
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The Agricultural Revolution
The major force for the Agricultural Revolution was to _______________ more food
But not only did they want to grow more food, they wanted to use _________ people to do it
They wanted to ____ people from the land so they could go to the cities and work in industry
And this is how the Agricultural Revolution inevitably led to the _____________ Revolution
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Old School Farming
So it was out with the old and in with the new
The “old” was during the ________________ Ages
Peasant farmers would rent ___________ strips of land and grow a variety of different crops
Their _______________ was to feed their families and pay their landlords
Any crop left over would be used to buy other __________________
It was __________________ farming at best
New School Farming
But the “new” involved getting ____________ of the small farms and small farmers
Small farms were ______________________ into large productive farms
Instead of a variety of crops these new farms would grow one or two crops and do it very __
In other words, they ________________________
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New Type of Farm – New Type of Farmer
In fact, this new farmer was ___________ worried about putting food on the table
He was worried about making a _________________
He would use all the _____________ technology available
He was an _________________ and he had money
He was willing to experiment and invest money so he could make even more ________
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Jethro Tull
One of the major innovators or agricultural pioneers during this period was Jethro Tull
Tull’s methods were _______________ by many large landowners and have essentially
helped to form the basis for modern ________________
Tull found that when soil was well broken up, or _________________, and enriched with
manure or ________________, crops grew much better
He also came up with a better method of planting seed
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Out with Broadcasting
Because the old method of _________________ called “broadcasting” was not effective
Farmers would scatter seeds over a large area by ____________________
The disadvantage was that many seeds were _____________ due to wind or birds
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Furthermore the farmer ended up with an unruly mass of ___________ mixed with weeds
The Seed Drill
Tull came up with an more __________________ system of sowing seeds
He invented the seed _________________
It would bury the seed neatly in __________________
It was ______________ and much less wasteful than broadcasting
And now, rather than an unruly mass of weeds and crop, the farmer had neat rows that were
easier to _____________
Horse Drawn Hoe
Tull also advocated the use of _________________ instead of oxen to cultivate the land
He created a horse-drawn ________________ for clearing weeds
He found that if the ________________ was adequately pulverized, it would release
nutrients from the soil, and help crops grow better
Using the Horse Drawn Hoe help to pulverize the soil to the point where ________________
was not as necessary as in the past
Charles Townshend
Another major ___________________ innovator during this period was Charles Townshend
He was a large land owner and member of _________________
Former Secretary of State directing British Foreign Policy
This alone would have afforded him at least a foot note in history
But his claim to _______ really came after he retired and devoted himself entirely to farming
Turnip Townshend
In fact he is most famously known as “Turnip Townsend”
This was because _______________ and clover were the key to his success
Using the above crops, he was able to develop a more efficient field _____________ that
replaced the …
Three Field System
Which was the _______________ of crop rotation used in the _________________ Ages
Two fields would be utilized to grow crops while a third would be left unplanted to allow the
soil to ____________ and restore its ______________
The following __________________ a new field would be left unplanted
Four Field System
Turnip Townshend, however, came up with a ___________ field system that avoided the
waste of a fallow field
He would grow four crops:
- Turnips (Year One) - Barley (Year Two) - Clover ( Year Three) - Wheat (Year Four)
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After this the cycle would be repeated
The Beauty of Turnips and Clover
The key to the four field system involved the use of _________ and ______________
These crops naturally release _________________ into the soil
This nitrogen release meant that it was no longer necessary to have a wasted unplanted field
Suddenly, due to the four field system, farmers could produce up to ____________ times the
crop they ______________ before
Turnips and clover also had the added advantage that they could be used as ______________
food to feed ______________ over the winter
It’s time for a BBQ
Prior to the Agricultural Revolution people did not eat much _____________
Herds were only culled because there was not enough food to keep the whole herd _______
The use of the four field system now allowed _________ to feed and entire herd year round
This led to ___________ year round herds of cattle and _____________
This, in turn, _________________ the price of meat
Suddenly because of ________________, meat became an everyday part of everyone’s ____
Adding protein to everyone’s diet meant a ______________, more robust population
Summary of Productive Farming Advances during the Agricultural Revolution
1. Farm Consolidation
2. Specialization
3. Improved cultivation methods (Seed Drill/Horse Drawn Hoe)
4. Fertilization
5. Four field crop rotation
6. Use of fodder crops such as turnips and clover
7. Improved animal breeding
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All the above led to a vastly _________________ agricultural system
Hence, ______________ was growing more food and needed fewer people to do it
Furthermore, these ________________ farmers could now move to fill the employment
needs in the growing ________________ cities
And this is how the Agricultural Revolution inevitably led to the __________________
Revolution