Supplementary Information
Description of sampling sites
Twenty groundwater wells in Taipei and Hsinchu respectively belonging to sedimentary
basin and alluvial plains were selected for monitoring and sample collection. Taipei basin is a
flat terrain (elevation at high altitude 20 meters below), and it covers an area of about 380
square kilometers. The sediments are mostly from the Danshui River that Keelung, Sindian
and Dahan River are the three main tributaries. Western Foothills belt and snowy mountains
are the main source of the basin sediments. Four major aquifers corresponding to the
stratigraphic formations have been defined in the late-Quaternary sediments of the Taipei
Basin. The topmost free aquifer (Aquifer 0), which extends from ground surface to depth
around 50 m (except in the western edge of the basin being deeper to about 120 m in
maximum), is composed of interbedded clay, sand and pebbles. The confined Aquifer 1 sits at
depth between 50 to around 100 m (again except in the western edge of basin, about 115–140
m) in the conglomerate layer covered by laterite. Rainfall is the major water source for
Aquifer 0 and The lower aquifers (Aquifers 2 and 3) are present approximately 100 to 130 m
and 140 to 160 m underground (depths for the central portion of the basin), as two layers of
conglomerates within the Wuku and Banchiao formations, respectively. Aquifer 1 is the
major groundwater source of the pumping wells in the Taipei Basin. The groundwater of the
lower three aquifers comes mainly from two of the major rivers in the Taipei Basin, the
Xindian River and the Dahan River. (Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs,
Taiwan; Chen et al. 2007)
The Hsinchu-Miaoli Groundwater District is located in northwestern Taiwan and covers
an area of about 900 square kilometers. This region of complex terrain containing a number
of folds and faults comprises hills and cutting valleys. This area with varies characteristics
cause uncertainty of the aquifer stratification. It is composed of stacked layers and Quaternary
with texture specified by alternating coarse sand/gravel and fine silt/clay, which are the major
groundwater reserves. The Hsinchu-Miaoli Groundwater District is divided into small
sub-districts with areas of only tens of square kilometers. These groundwater sub-districts are
usually composed of folded Pleistocene aquifers in the central part and are unconformably
underlain by Holocene aquifers on the boundaries. Since the Pleistocene aquifers are
significantly higher in altitude, groundwater preferably infiltrates from the Pleistocene
aquifers to the Holocene aquifers and is finally drained by the river system. Precipitation is
naturally regarded as an important source of the Hsinchu-Miaoli groundwater. (Water
Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan; Lu et al. 2006)
Table S1 The monitoring data of sampling wells.
Sampling
well
A1
Taipei City
Sampling depth
(m)
5.90-6.30
A2
Taipei City
7.70-7.80
25-26.7
6.1-6.3
177-258
8.6-9.1
0.46
0.02
7.7-12.2
A4
Taipei City
4.40-7.00
23.4-25.6
7.3-7.4
317-369
7.3-13.4
0.02-0.06
0.47-2.34
19.4-26.6
A8
Taipei City
5.30
23.4
6.5
596
17.0-20.7
0.05-0.13
0.02-0.05
44.3-63.8
A9
Taipei City
7.10
24.8
6.5
381
3.8-8.9
0.01-0.02
0.38-0.58
19.3-23.6
A11
Taipei City
9.00-9.10
25.6-25.8
7.1
945-1052
54.8-56.6
0.02-0.44
0.19-0.38
92.9-93.7
A12
Taipei City
4.50-5.00
24.3-26.9
6.4-6.5
318-376
29.3-29.6
0.03-0.51
0.36-0.83
13.7-42.5
A14
Taipei City
6.20
23.7
6.3
546
24.5-37.8
9.47-10.2
10.6-21.20
25.7-30.1
A17
Taipei City
9.20-9.30
26.2-30.7
6.0
236-252
7.3-23.2
0.24-0.71
0.01-1.13
14.6-31.0
F10
Taipei County
5.50
26.4
6.8
903
25.6-36.6
1.67-1.94
0.12
29.8-57.8
F17
Taipei County
6.30-7.00
25.1-28.2
7.0
1234-1235
19.5-23.1
14.3-15.4
0.03
34.7-77.1
F24
Taipei County
12.10-13.60
24.7-26.2
6.6-6.7
150-649
11.6-15.0
0.01-0.10
4.77-5.02
23.7-24.0
F29
Taipei County
9.20-11.80
23.5-28.4
5.1-6.5
155-822
31.6-49.5
1.37
0.01
129-216
F162
Taipei County
4.00-4.10
23.4-28.5
6.3-6.6
1122-1211
140-179
0.05-0.13
0.01
90.2-98.5
O2
Hsinchu
5.00
20.1-28.4
5.9-7.2
603-1010
16.9-52.7
6.90-17.9
0.36-4.94
60.1-107
O5
Hsinchu
13.00
25.3
6.8
605
20.5-23.8
<0.01
0.02
55.4-80.1
O12
Hsinchu
5.10-9.70
23.4
6.8
371
12.7-15.0
<0.01
3.05-3.34
58.6-59.0
O14
O15
J2
Hsinchu
Hsinchu
Hsinchu
5.70-6.10
14.10
10.60
22.6-26.9
23.2
23.6
6.4-6.5
5.9
6.6
379-430
356
843
23.5-24.7
19.2-19.3
96.6-126
1.14-1.51
<0.01
0.02
1.94-4.12
2.51-2.52
<0.01
63.7-83.1
69.4-72.0
58.1-61.5
County/City
6.4-6.6
Specific conductance
(μmho/cm)
308-760
Chloride
(mg/L)
50.0-52.4
Ammonia nitrogen
(mg/L)
0.03-0.20
Nitrate nitrogen
(mg/L)
9.63-15.5
Temperature(℃)
pH
23.7-25.4
Sulfate (mg/L)
23.5-24.7
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (1/6).
Concentration
(ng/L)
MDLs
Sampling*
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
1
0.5±0.1
ND
3.8±0.6
0.1±0.0
ND
ND
0.5±0.2
3.8±0.5
3.4±0.2
1.6±0.3
ND
ND
1.8±0.1
ND
14.4±0.5
0.5±0.1
ND
1.1±0.1
ND
ND
2
0.3±0.1
ND
2.9±0.1
-
-
ND
0.4±0.1
-
1.7±0.2
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.7±0.2
-
-
5.5±0.1
-
-
1
43.7±1.2
ND
6.7±0.4
ND
0.3±0.1
ND
0.7±0.3
6.3±0.2
ND
ND
ND
17.0±1.9
ND
0.2±0.1
1820±78.1
ND
2.4±0.3
42.4±3.7
0.4±0.1
0.5±0.1
2
298±20.6
ND
12.0±1.0
-
-
ND
0.7±0.3
-
0.3±0.2
-
ND
21.1±1.1
ND
0.1±0.1
22.7±2.2
-
-
57.7±4.0
-
-
1
ND
ND
0.7±0.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.8±0.1
ND
1.7±0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.0±0.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
0.8±0.1
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
1.0±0.3
ND
ND
-
-
0.6±0.0
-
-
1
ND
ND
3.1±0.4
1.6±0.0
ND
ND
5.1±0.2
8.4±1.3
25.0±1.4
28.9±0.2
1.8±0.3
ND
8.3±0.6
5.1±0.7
ND
3.4±0.2
ND
1.9±0.2
ND
ND
2
0.3±0.1
1.2±0.1
1.7±0.1
-
-
0.4±0.1
2.2±0.1
-
7.1±0.2
-
2.2±0.2
ND
7.6±0.3
6.1±0.3
ND
-
-
9.8±0.8
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.3±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.8±0.3
ND
ND
0.6±0.1
ND
ND
2
0.8±0.1
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.7±0.2
-
-
1.5±0.2
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.8±0.1
4.3±0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.2±0.1
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
1.5±0.1
-
-
ND
1.0±0.2
-
ND
-
ND
ND
0.8±0.1
ND
ND
-
-
1.5±0.3
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
54.8±0.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
2.2±1.6
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
18.4±2.4
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
6.9±0.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
12.5±0.8
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
Sulfonamide antibiotics
Sulfadiazine
0.1
Sulfamethoxazole
0.1
Sulfathiazole
0.5
Sulfamethazine
0.1
Sulfamonomethoxine
0.5
Sulfadimethoxine
0.5
Macrolides antibiotics
Erythromycin-H2O
Clarithromycin
Roxithromycin
Tylosin
0.1
0.5
0.5
1.0
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (2/6).
Concentration (ng/L)
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
1
ND
ND
2.9±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.6±0.0
3.2±0.1
ND
ND
ND
16.4±1.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
4.0±0.2
ND
1.6±0.5
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
14.3±0.6
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.4±0.1
ND
4.1±0.4
ND
6.6±0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
1.0±0.2
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
10.2±0.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.6±0.8
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
9.3±0.9
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
2.8±1.1
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
1.6±1.1
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.9±0.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
11.8±1.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
7.9±1.3
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.8±0.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
26.2±1.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
4.9±6.7
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
35.6±59.5
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
5.4±1.6
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.6±0.7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
7.8±0.5
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.7±0.4
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
MDLs
Sampling*
1.0
Quinolone antibiotics
Nalidixic acid
Flumequine
0.5
Pipemidic acid
1.0
Norfloxacin
1.0
Ciprofloxacin
0.5
Ofloxacin
0.5
Imidazole antibiotics
Dimetridazole
Metronidazole
0.5
0.5
β-blockers
Propranolol
0.6
Atenolol
1.2
Metoprolol
0.6
Acebutolol
0.6
Sotalol
0.5
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (3/6).
Concentration
(ng/L)
MDLs
Sampling
*
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
0.1
1
ND
8.4±0.3
6.5±0.5
ND
24.7±0.
9
29.1±1.
2
1.3±0.0
2.0±0.2
24.3±1.
9
ND
ND
7.0±0.8
ND
0.9±0.1
1036±5
5.7
ND
3.2±0.4
2.0±0.7
2.2±0.3
1.2±2.1
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
2.1±2.6
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
17.4±0.
8
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
222±20
.8
ND
83.2±4.
3
ND
837±29
.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
7.0±1.1
7.8±1.0
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
53.2±2.
6
ND
ND
1
251±1.
7
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NSAIDs
Acetaminophe
n
Ibuprofen
5
Naproxen
5
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
75.8±2.
8
128±1.
0
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
Ketoprofen
5
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
Diclofenac
1
2
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
3.5±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2.1±0.4
ND
ND
8.1±0.8
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
33.2±4.
9
13.9±1.
8
ND
2
ND
18.2±1.
2
6.6±2.3
-
-
ND
-
-
ND
ND
44.5±6.
5
7.4±1.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.1±0.0
ND
0.2±0.3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.0±0.1
ND
172.3±
12.2
3.2±0.9
-
-
ND
-
-
257±24
.7
35.6±3.
2
ND
ND
ND
0.1±0.2
0.2±0.4
0.6±0.2
0.1±0.1
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
ND
ND
Lipid regulator and cholesterol lowering drug
Clofibric acid
0.1
Gemfibrozil
0.1
Bezafibrate
0.1
1
2
1
ND
ND
0.8±0.4
ND
ND
0.1±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.3±0.3
ND
0.4±0.2
ND
ND
0.2±0.4
0.1±0.0
ND
0.1±0.1
ND
0.1±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.3±0.1
ND
ND
0.6±0.4
ND
ND
0.1±0.0
2
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
1
10.1±2.
8
ND
ND
ND
4.0±0.5
ND
ND
ND
0.2±0.1
ND
0.8±0.3
ND
0.2±0.0
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (4/6).
Concentration
(ng/L)
MDLs
Sampling*
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
0.1
1
2
214±67.4
3.5±1.5
31.3±27.4
4.5±0.6
ND
9.3±0.7
ND
-
15.2±4.0
-
12.8±18.0
2.3±2.1
ND
10.3±4.4
7.3±4.3
-
5.8±4.8
10.2±1.7
ND
-
ND
7.5±1.8
35.8±10.4
89.3±6.5
ND
5.5±0.6
ND
15.5±12.6
931±35.6
11.1±8.1
ND
-
1.2±2.0
-
ND
12.0±3.6
18.3±13.3
-
ND
-
0.1
1
2
4.1±0.3
19.8±0.6
ND
ND
2.0±0.2
2.6±0.2
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
0.9±0.0
1.4±0.0
37.9±0.5
-
ND
ND
0.5±0.1
-
ND
ND
5.5±0.7
3.4±0.1
1.8±0.2
2.6±0.2
ND
ND
5.1±0.2
5.4±0.2
0.4±0.0
-
ND
-
9.5±0.3
14.7±0.6
ND
-
ND
-
0.25
1
2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
-
0.7±0.4
ND
ND
ND
2.4±3.7
-
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.4±0.1
ND
ND
-
0.4±0.7
-
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
-
1
1
2
ND
1.1±0.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
4.0±0.4
2.5±0.9
ND
-
ND
ND
3.8±1.5
-
ND
ND
1.4±1.2
ND
16.9±1.0
8.5±0.5
ND
ND
48.4±8.5
2.6±0.2
ND
-
ND
-
4.9±0.2
12.5±0.7
ND
-
ND
-
0.1
1
2
ND
4.0±2.2
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
17.8±0.8
0.1±0.1
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
-
Psychostimulants
Caffeine
Psychiatric drugs
Carbamazepine
Vasodilators
Pentoxifylline
Lincosamides antibiotics
Lincomycin
Other antibiotics
Trimethoprim
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (5/6).
Concentration (ng/L)
MDLs
Sampling*
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
2.5
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.0±0.3
ND
1.4±0.5
9.0±1.7
ND
3.3±0.3
1.2±1.0
14.7±2.1
ND
2.3±0.5
2.5±1.2
1.3±0.2
1.3±0.3
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
5.9±1.6
ND
ND
ND
14.9±1.0
ND
-
-
1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
1822±150
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
ND
-
ND
-
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
-
-
ND
-
-
Estrogens
β-Estradiol
Estriol
Estrone
17α-ethynylestradiol
5
1
2.5
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S2 Concentrations of emerging contamination in monitoring wells (6/6).
Concentration
(ng/L)
MDLs
Sampling*
A1
A2
A4
A8
A9
A11
A12
A14
A17
F10
F17
F24
F29
F162
O2
O5
O12
O14
O15
J2
PFBS
0.05
PFHxS
0.08
PFOS
0.25
1
2
1
2
1
2
1.6±0.1
1.3±0.2
0.5±0.1
0.3±0.0
3.1±0.2
5.6±0.4
2.9±0.7
1.9±0.2
4.8±0.2
3.3±0.3
3.1±0.4
11.2±1.4
1.3±0.1
0.8±0.2
1.2±0.1
0.2±0.0
0.9±0.1
3.3±0.9
1.9±0.1
1.2±0.1
3.5±0.7
-
0.9±0.1
0.6±0.1
0.6±0.4
-
3.4±0.3
4.4±0.5
ND
0.2±0.1
1.3±0.2
4.4±0.5
5.2±0.6
1.0±0.1
1.7±0.8
0.8±0.1
6.4±1.0
16.8±0.3
1.5±0.1
0.9±0.1
1.5±0.2
-
1.2±0.2
0.7±0.1
0.6±0.1
0.2±0.0
ND
1.1±0.2
3.4±0.5
1.0±0.1
8.8±0.4
-
ND
ND
9.3±0.7
4.3±2.8
60.9±6.2
35.5±4.4
2.3±0.5
0.6±0.0
0.3±0.1
0.2±0.0
1.1±0.3
1.2±0.2
4.1±0.3
4.5±1.0
1.5±0.2
2.6±0.5
4.6±2.2
76.8±16.5
4.8±0.7
4.3±0.4
2.1±0.9
2.4±0.5
6.0±0.8
9.0±0.6
2.1±0.2
1.3±0.1
3.0±0.3
2.3±0.3
1.7±0.1
28.6±1.1
1.5±0.2
1.0±0.1
0.9±0.2
-
1.4±0.0
1.2±0.1
1.6±0.6
-
2.9±0.5
1.9±0.3
3.6±0.3
3.3±0.4
9.3±0.5
11.9±1.3
4.2±0.3
8.3±0.9
5.0±2.0
-
ND
0.9±0.1
ND
-
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
13.3±0.9
9.3±1.3
2.4±0.2
5.6±0.4
3.8±0.7
11.9±1.6
2.3±0.2
3.2±0.4
1.1±0.0
1.5±0.3
ND
0.3±0.1
ND
ND
38.6±4.8
19.8±2.9
6.0±0.1
6.3±0.3
18.4±5.0
13.9±0.7
1.7±0.2
1.6±0.2
0.3±0.1
0.7±0.1
0.6±0.1
ND
ND
ND
6.2±0.6
2.7±0.6
1.4±0.1
0.7±0.1
ND
2.9±0.4
1.9±0.4
1.2±0.2
0.7±0.1
1.3±0.1
0.3±0.2
ND
ND
ND
12.0±0.5
0.5±0.1
ND
0.2±0.1
ND
ND
ND
-
ND
1.2±0.1
2.0±0.3
0.7±0.1
0.3±0.1
ND
ND
-
133±17.1
86.0±6.1
0.9±0.1
1.1±0.1
5.0±2.1
3.2±0.9
0.3±0.0
1.1±0.7
ND
0.2±0.1
0.7±0.6
ND
ND
ND
108±21.2
19.9±1.4
2.8±1.5
5.1±0.2
9.3±0.5
10.9±2.2
1.4±0.4
2.4±0.3
1.2±0.2
1.3±0.1
0.3±0.1
ND
ND
ND
6.1±0.9
1.2±0.1
12.3±0.6
0.6±0.1
ND
ND
ND
-
16.1±1.6
10.2±3.1
0.5±0.1
0.2±0.1
ND
0.1±0.2
0.5±0.3
0.2±0.2
ND
0.2±0.1
0.4±0.1
ND
ND
ND
56.6±5.0
1.5±0.1
4.5±0.5
1.9±0.1
0.5±0.1
0.4±0.1
ND
-
358±50.9
240±47.6
5.0±0.3
4.9±0.7
38.4±0.9
12.4±5.6
3.2±0.4
1.1±0.1
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
36.5±8.4
9.8±0.1
1.1±0.1
0.7±0.1
3.4±0.5
2.7±0.1
1.0±0.1
0.4±0.2
0.3±0.0
0.1±0.0
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
75.3±16.3
14.9±0.5
46.3±6.5
29.0±0.6
40.3±10.5
2.5±0.2
6.6±0.4
0.9±0.3
2.3±0.4
0.3±0.0
1.2±0.3
ND
ND
96.2±16.1
63.7±11.9
1.8±1.4
1.0±0.1
9.5±2.4
ND
1.3±0.7
0.4±0.1
1.2±0.1
ND
0.6±0.2
ND
ND
ND
32.3±4.2
6.9 ±0.9
3.8±0.2
5.2±0.3
13.3±0.8
18.1±1.7
1.6±0.2
4.4±0.4
0.6±0.1
2.0±0.1
ND
0.5±0.2
ND
ND
7.7±1.5
0.2±0.0
ND
0.5±0.1
ND
ND
ND
-
6.3±0.6
3.7±0.2
3.6±0.6
1.6±0.1
1.1±0.1
ND
ND
-
145±11.6
46.1±5.2
1.6±0.1
1.7±0.3
7.1±0.8
7.5±0.8
2.5±0.2
3.3±1.2
1.6±0.1
1.6±0.2
ND
0.4±0.3
ND
ND
16.3±1.8
7.2±0.5
23.3±1.6
1.3±0.1
0.3±0.1
ND
ND
-
60.3±6.6
0.7±0.1
4.3±0.6
0.5±0.0
ND
ND
ND
-
PFASs
PFCAs
PFHxA
0.1
PFHpA
0.05
PFOA
0.05
PFNA
0.1
PFDA
0.05
PFUnA
0.25
PFDoA
0.25
* 1：The first sampling (2013/03/06~2013/03/10), 2：The second sampling (2013/06/20~2013/06/22); ND: not detected or less than method detection limit.
Table S3 LC-MS/MS conditions for all of the target compounds.
Time (min) Flow rate
(μL/min)
Positive/ Negative mode
HPLC gradient eluent
Mobile phase A(%) Mobile phase B(%)
0.0
1.0
100
0
0.5
1.0
100
0
3.0
1.0
60
40
7.5
1.0
30
70
9.0
1.0
5
95
11
1.0
5
95
12
1.0
100
0
15
1.0
100
0
0.0
1.0
63
37
0.4
1.0
50
50
0.8
1.0
20
80
4.8
1.0
5
95
5.0
1.0
63
37
7.0
1.0
63
37
PFCs
Table S4a The investigated compounds and their LC-MS/MS parameters.
Retention time
(min)
Precursor
ion
(m/z)
Sulfonamide antibiotics
Sulfadiazine
5.27
251
Sulfamethoxazole
6.48
254
Sulfathiazole
5.35
256
Sulfamethazine
5.98
279
Sulfamonomethoxine
6.67
281
Sulfadimethoxine
7.66
311
Macrolides antibiotics
Erythromycin-H2O
10.19
716.5
Clarithromycin
10.06
748.5
Roxithromycin
10.15
837.5
Tylosin
9.00
916.7
Quinolone antibiotics
Nalidixic acid
9.34
233
Flumequine
9.66
262
Pipemidic acid
5.54
304
Norfloxacin
5.92
320
Ciprofloxacin
5.99
332
Ofloxacin
5.77
362
Imidazole antibiotics
Dimetridazole
5.61
142
Metronidazole
5.34
172
Lincosamides antibiotics
Lincomycin
5.50
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Compounds
Product ions
(m/z)
Conditions
DP
EP
(volts) (volts)
CE
(volts)
CXP
(volts)
38.0
22.4
37.2
21.2
36.5
20.0
25.1
23.8
43.0
24.2
41.0
30.2
4.4
10.3
7.0
12.1
4.4
8.0
8.1
11.9
5.1
8.1
6.6
8.9
42.1
24.0
38.5
28.7
45.0
29.2
54.3
39.3
8.5
15.3
12.4
16.6
13.0
20.6
14.0
22.5
35.3
18.9
44.6
24.2
28.9
24.2
23.4
28.7
24.5
26.2
36.9
27.8
10.6
11.2
15.1
19.9
17.9
7.1
7.0
17.1
7.5
8.6
14.8
8.5
35.8
23.8
31.3
20.8
3.9
7.5
6.7
9.0
92(Confirmation)
156(Quantitation)
92(Confirmation)
156(Quantitation)
92(Confirmation)
156(Quantitation)
156(Confirmation)
186(Quantitation)
92(Confirmation)
156(Quantitation)
92(Confirmation)
156(Quantitation)
38
10
40
10
40
10
38
10
45
10
40
10
158(Confirmation)
558(Quantitation)
158(Confirmation)
590.5(Quantitation)
158(Confirmation)
679.6(Quantitation)
174(Confirmation)
772.5(Quantitation)
46
10
49
10
50
10
60
10
187(Confirmation)
215(Quantitation)
202(Confirmation)
244(Quantitation)
217(Confirmation)
286(Quantitation)
276(Confirmation)
302(Quantitation)
288(Confirmation)
314(Quantitation)
261(Confirmation)
318(Quantitation)
37
10
44
10
48
10
40
10
45
10
40
10
81(Confirmation)
96(Quantitation)
82(Confirmation)
128(Quantitation)
32
10
30
10
407
126(Confirmation)
359(Quantitation)
55
10
37.0
26.1
6.5
9.6
5.40
152
32
10
Ibuprofen
11.58
208
-25
-10
Naproxen
10.89
229
-22
-10
Ketoprofen
10.63
253
-20
-10
Diclofenac
11.47
294
296
93(Confirmation)
110(Quantitation)
164(Confirmation)
161(Quantitation)
170(Confirmation)
185(Quantitation)
197(Confirmation)
209(Quantitation)
250(Confirmation)
252(Quantitation)
-25
-10
32.0
23.6
-10.5
-9.7
-19.0
-8.9
-7.0
-9.8
-15.5
-15.5
4.1
8.2
-11
-10.9
-13.7
-14.7
-10.0
-14.7
-13.4
-13.9
85(Confirmation)
127(Quantitation)
121(Confirmation)
127(Quantitation)
154(Confirmation)
274(Quantitation)
-25
-10
-30
-10
-30
-10
-13.0
-17.0
-15.3
-14.7
-35.0
-21.8
-3.0
-9.0
-18.1
-5.0
-10.8
-14.6
116(Confirmation)
183(Quantitation)
145(Confirmation)
190(Quantitation)
116(Confirmation)
191(Quantitation)
116(Confirmation)
319(Quantitation)
213(Confirmation)
255(Quantitation)
45
10
45
10
40
10
45
10
31
10
25.5
24.3
36.0
26.0
25.5
24.3
29.5
24.0
24.5
17.2
8.8
12.1
10.9
10.3
8.9
14.3
9.7
8.9
11.0
10.0
Lipid regulator and cholesterol lowering drug
Clofibric acid
10.84
213
Gemfibrozil
11.99
249
Bezafibrate
10.88
360
β-blockers
Propranolol
8.07
260
Atenolol
4.77
267
Metoprolol
6.41
268
Acebutolol
6.32
337
Sotalol
4.64
273
Conditions
DP
EP
(volts) (volts)
Retention time
(min)
Precursor
ion
(m/z)
Psychostimulants
Caffeine
6.62
195
110(Confirmation)
138(Quantitation)
35
Psychiatric drugs
Carbamazepine
9.65
237
192(Confirmation)
194(Quantitation)
Vasodilators
Pentoxifylline
7.46
279
Other antibiotics
Trimethoprim
5.50
Estrogens
β-Estradiol
Compounds
Product ions
(m/z)
CE
(volts)
CXP
(volts)
10
30.4
28.2
8.3
11.0
43
10
29.1
24.5
15.6
14.0
99(Confirmation)
181 (Quantitation)
34
10
25.8
23.9
7.8
11.0
291
230(Confirmation)
261(Quantitation)
42
10
33.1
35.9
18.5
18.7
11.00
271
-105
10
Estriol
9.01
287
-105
10
Estrone
11.01
269
-100
10
17α-Ethynylestradiol
10.91
279
143(Confirmation)
183(Quantitation)
145(Confirmation)
171(Quantitation)
145(Confirmation)
169(Quantitation)
133(Confirmation)
159(Quantitation)
-100
10
-54
-52
-56
-51
-51
-46
-51
-47
-10
-12
-5
-11
-7
-8
-6
-12
PFASs
PFBS
3.31
299
-61.2
-10
PFHxS
3.65
399
-42.2
-10
PFOS
4.10
499
80(Confirmation)
99(Quantitation)
80(Confirmation)
119(Quantitation)
80(Confirmation)
99(Quantitation)
-60.0
-10
-60.4
-48.1
-75.9
-48.6
-46.2
-15.3
-4.9
-5.8
-3.0
-18.3
-4.8
-8.0
PFCAs
PFHxA
3.49
313
-28.4
-10
PFHpA
3.68
363
-20.3
-10
PFOA
3.88
413
-25.0
-10
PFNA
4.14
463
-27.2
-10
PFDA
4.45
513
-26.0
-10
PFUnA
4.80
563
-37.7
-10
PFDoA
5.18
613
119(Confirmation)
269(Quantitation)
119(Confirmation)
169(Quantitation)
169(Confirmation)
369(Quantitation)
169(Confirmation)
219(Quantitation)
269(Confirmation)
469(Quantitation)
269(Confirmation)
319(Quantitation)
269(Confirmation)
569(Quantitation)
-34.1
-10
-35.0
-24.0
-34.2
-35.2
-15.0
-28.5
-39.1
-28.9
-33.2
-26.0
-27.2
-25.0
-32.0
-22.1
-8.6
-4.8
-6.1
-11.8
-7.0
-9.1
-8.8
-9.9
-4.8
-11.6
-14.1
-5.7
-4.8
-14.8
Table S4b The internal standards of investigated compounds and their LC-MS/MS
parameters.
Quantitation
Compounds
Confirmation
Correspond
compounds
Retention Precursor DP Product ion CE CXP Product CE CXP
time
ion
ion
(min)
(m/z)
(V)
(m/z)
(V) (V)
(m/z) (V) (V)
Positive mode
Sulfamethazine-13C6
5.98
285
50
186
Erythromycin-13C,d3
10.19
720.5
50
562.5
22
16
162
Roxithromycin-d7
10.15
844.7
55
158
52
12
685.5
Ciprofloxacin-d8
5.99
340.2
50
322.2
Metronidazole-13C2, 15N2
5.34
176
50
132
27
24
86
Atenolol-d7
4.77
274.2
25
145
36
10
123
Ibuprofen-d3
11.58
208
-34
164
-25 -9.7
Estradiol-13C2
11.00
273
-100
147
-54
17α-ethynylestradiol-13C2
10.91
297
-100
145
-52
PFOA-13C8
3.88
421
-24.3
376
24.0 16.9
31.0 24.0
124
296.2
28.1 13.8 Sulfadiazine,
Sulfamethoxazole,
Sulfathiazole,
Sulfamethazine,
Sulfamonomethoxine,
Sulfadimethoxine
44 13 Erythromycin-H2O,
Clarithromycin
31 18 Roxithromycin, Tylosin
24.5 24.0 Pipemidic acid,
Norfloxacin,
Ciprofloxacin,
Ofloxacin
36 14 Dimetridazole,
Metronidazole
29
9 Propranolol, Atenolol,
Metoprolol, Acebutolol,
Sotalol
Negative mode
-
-
-8
185
-56
-10
159
-48
-15.7 -8.1
172
-
Ibuprofen, Naproxen,
Ketoprofen, Diclofenac
-10 β-Estradiol, Estrone
-7 Estriol,
17α-ethynylestradiol
-26.8 -8.7 PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS,
PFHxA, PFHpA,
PFOA, PFNA, PFDA,
PFUnA, PFDoA
Reference
Chen, C.-T., Hu, J.-C., Lu, C.-Y., Lee, J.-C., & Chan, Y.-C. (2007). Thirty-year land
elevation change from subsidence to uplift following the termination of groundwater pumping
and its geological implications in the Metropolitan Taipei Basin, Northern Taiwan.
Engineering Geology, 95(1–2), 30-47.
Lu, H. Y., Peng, T. R., Liu, T. K., Wang, C. H., & Huang, C. C. (2006). Study of stable
isotopes for highly deformed aquifers in the Hsinchu-Miaoli area, Taiwan. Environmental
Geology, 50(6), 885-898.