Department of
Agriculture and Food
Bulletin 4860
Replaces Bulletin 4854
September 2014
ISSN: 1833 7366
Barley variety sowing guide for Western Australia
2015
By
Blakely Paynter, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia (DAFWA), Northam,
Andrea Hills, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Esperance,
Sanjiv Gupta, Murdoch University, Murdoch,
Sarah Collins, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, South Perth,
Harmohinder Dhammu, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Northam,
Raj Malik, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Katanning, and
Georgia Trainor, Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Northam.
Contents
Page
Introduction
Market feedback
Grain yield comparisons
Disease resistance
Agronomic attributes
Herbicide tolerance
Barley variety descriptions
3
4
12
20
29
38
48
Acknowledgements
The information contained in this Bulletin is based on the work conducted by many research
scientists, technical officers and plant breeders.
The authors would like to thank the following groups of people from the Department of Agriculture
and Food, Western Australia:
Barley agronomy: Sue Cartledge and Rod Bowey
Page 1 of 113
Biometrics: Andrew van Burgel
Herbicide tolerance: Vince Lambert
Plant pathology: Jason Bradley and Sean Kelly
Research support units: Esperance, Geraldton, Katanning, Merredin, Northam and Wongan Hills.
Thank you to National Variety Trials (NVT), the NVT trial co-operators and breeding organisations
for their cooperation in providing data.
Thank you to the Grain Industry of Western Australia (GIWA) Barley Council for allowing us to use
excerpts from their industry report detailing malting barley variety receival recommendations for
the 2015/16 harvest.
This publication presents data and information developed from research supported by the
Department of Agriculture and Food and the Grains Research and Development Corporation.
Disclaimer
The state of Western Australia (WA), the Minister for Agriculture, the Chief Executive Officer of the
Department of Agriculture and Food and their respective officers, employees and agents:
a)
do not endorse or recommend any individual specified product or any manufacturer of a
specified product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been used solely for the purpose of
assisting users of this publication to identify products. Alternative manufacturers’s products may
perform as well or better than those specifically referred to.
b)
do not endorse the use of herbicides above the registered rate, off-label use of herbicides
or off-label tank mixes. Crop tolerance and yield responses to herbicides are strongly influenced
by seasonal conditions. Always adhere to label recommendations.
c)
accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise from use or release of
this information or any part of it.
Copyright © Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2014
Tel: +61 (0)8 9368 3333
Email: enquiries@agric.wa.gov.au
Website: agric.wa.gov.au
Access
Copies of this document may be available in alternative formats upon request.
Page 2 of 113
Introduction
This sowing variety guide is designed as a reference to help determine which barley variety to
grow in your region. It provides market feedback, relative grain yield comparisons, disease ratings,
agronomic information and herbicide tolerance ratings for all malting and food barley varieties
segregated in WA and selected feed varieties (Tables 1–11; Figures 1–10).
The decision whether to grow barley with a malt, food or feed classification depends on six main
factors:
(1)
the premium paid for different varieties when segregated
(2)
the relative grain yield of malting, food and feed grade barley varieties
(3)
differences in inputs costs due to their agronomy and disease characteristics
(4)
the likelihood that grain of a malting variety will meet malt barley receival specifications
(5)
the likelihood that grain of a food variety will meet food barley receival specifications
(6)
the location of receival segregations for malt and food barley varieties.
Identifying which option will lead to the greatest returns for a grower is complex. In some
instances, the price premium paid for malting will offset the yield difference between malting and
food or feed varieties. In other situations; the substantially higher yield of food or feed varieties, or
the low likelihood of a malting variety being segregated as malting, or the higher costs of growing
a malting barley may justify the choice of a food or feed variety.
Page 3 of 113
Market feedback
Malting barley varieties
Malt barley varieties traditionally account for 80–90% of the area sown to barley (Figure 1).
General information on market demand by industry sector, variety and port zone for each of the
malting barley varieties that will potentially be segregated in WA at the 2015/16 harvest is
presented in Tables 1 and 2. This information is presented on behalf of the GIWA Barley Council.
It represents the expected demand from domestic and international customers of Western
Australian barley.
Before planting any variety with a malting or food classification, market demand, pricing signals
and the location of segregations should be considered in partnership with the agronomic
management required and the risk associated with delivering malt/food grade barley. It is
important that growers accurately tell CBH which malt or food variety/varieties they are growing
(and how much area) when returning their grower estimate forms, as they assist CBH with the
planning of segregations. Combined with the capacity to transport grain long distances or even
store grain on-farm, the information presented in this bulletin can then be used to assist in
determining which variety to plant. A full copy of the GIWA Western Australian Malting Barley
Variety Receival Recommendations for the 2015/16 harvest can be found at giwa.org.au/barleycouncil.
In addition to the established malting varieties Baudin, Buloke, Gairdner and Vlamingh,
segregation opportunities at the 2015/16 harvest will be considered for the newest malting
varieties Bass, Commander, Granger and Scope CL. Receival segregations will not be offered in
all port zones for all malting varieties, unless there is sufficient supply to warrant segregation.
Pricing will be in-line with market demand.
Each malting barley variety grown in WA has unique and different malting attributes. As a
consequence, brewers purchase varieties subject to their availability, their price, the style of beer
they produce and the level of adjunct (supplementary form of carbohydrate for fermentation) used
in their brewing recipe.
Traders and exporters of Western Australian barley and malt are keen to rationalise the number of
varieties grown and segregated within WA. This sentiment is strongly echoed by growers as well.
There are strong benefits for growing and segregating fewer malting varieties, namely the ease of
logistics and stronger demand from the trade who are currently unwilling to risk buying small,
unsaleable parcels. We currently have eight malting varieties and one food variety being
segregated in WA. We could have up to four additional malting varieties being segregated in WA
by 2016. There is, therefore, still some re-focusing required to maximise the opportunities for
growers and maximise the opportunities for the trade. Long term the industry is keen to rationalise
the number of varieties segregated to two major malting varieties per port zone, with limited
segregations on offer for some minor or niche malting varieties.
Growers should be aware that receival segregations will not be offered in all port zones for all
malting varieties, even if there is an agronomic fit for a malting variety in the area. For some
malting varieties only limited services will be offered in the CBH network. Growers who have a
preference for a particular malting variety that is not received in their area will need to look at
transporting the grain to sites where that variety is accepted if they are aiming to receive a
premium for that grain. In any port zone, however, if there is sufficient volume grown, segregation
opportunities will be considered. It is important to be aware that GIWA has no control or influence
on the actual segregations available in any port zone.
Page 4 of 113
Bass is an acceptable variety for export as grain and is being assessed for export as malt. Bass is
undergoing its third year of international market development in 2014. Grain has been sent to
China and other countries for evaluation. Grain has also been converted into malt in Australia. The
approval by SABMiller (second largest brewer in the world with about 10% market share) and
some key brewing customers in China is positive news. Access of Bass, however, to some
south-east Asian beer markets may be limited as a consequence of its higher dimethyl sulphide
(DMS) levels. To manage DMS levels Australian maltsters are indicating that the optimum malting
schedule for Bass will differ from other established malting varieties currently in the market.
Feedback, however, on the malt quality profile of Bass malt suggests that Bass could match
Baudin as a premium quality variety for many (but maybe not all) of the markets currently serviced
by Baudin. Target production zones are Kwinana, Albany and Esperance port zones.
Baudin is a preferred variety for export as grain, as malt and as a shochu barley. Baudin is
regarded as the premium malting variety for the Chinese, south-east Asian and Japanese brewing
markets. It is the ‘market leader’ for markets which have a high adjunct use in the brewing
process. Both malt one and malt two grade Baudin are tradeable internationally. It is therefore the
most sought after variety from customers purchasing Western Australian malting barley grain and
malt. It is also a preferred variety in Japan for the manufacture of the distilled, white spirit shochu.
Industry acknowledges that Baudin has a number of agronomic weaknesses, but as premium
quality alternatives to Baudin are not yet established in the international market, Baudin still has a
strong part to play in creating value for the barley industry in WA. This means that Baudin may
trade at a premium over other malting varieties in the market place. Target production zones are
Kwinana, Albany and Esperance port zones.
Buloke is an acceptable variety for export as grain and as malt. Buloke is still an important variety
to the domestic malting industry and when exported as grain. Buloke complements Baudin in
international brewing markets, although Baudin has a better overall malt quality profile. Buloke is a
malting variety suited to markets where high levels of starch adjuncts are used, with international
markets now familiar with its malt quality profile. Buloke may be phased out as a segregated
variety in favour of Scope CL over coming seasons as the popularity of Scope CL increases. The
Western Australian barley industry will not fully transition from Buloke to Scope CL until it is
approved by all international grain and malt customers. Growers need to ensure that Buloke grain
does not contaminate Scope CL malt barley stacks and Scope CL barley does not contaminate
Buloke malt barley stacks. Target production zones are Kwinana and Albany port zones.
Commander is an acceptable variety for export as grain and as malt. Commander is slowly
building its production base in WA, particularly in the Kwinana port zone. Segregation
opportunities will increase as production increases, although the current volume is not yet
sufficient to support wide scale segregations. There is strong end user demand. Commander is
being priced at a premium over feed, similar to established malting varieties. Commander is a
market alternative to Gairdner and Vlamingh. As the production of Commander in WA increases
over coming seasons, grain exports to established markets in China and Japan will be considered.
Commander is already recognised internationally when supplied from South Australia and Victoria.
The export of Commander malt and grain from WA will therefore complement the export of
Commander malt and grain from eastern Australia. Target production zone is Kwinana port zone.
Gairdner is an acceptable variety for export as grain and as malt. International customers are
familiar with the malt quality profile of Gairdner barley. Gairdner has a different malt quality profile
to Baudin and is described as a medium fermentability malting variety. Gairdner has established
international customers due to its consistent brewing performance with or without starch adjuncts.
The popularity of Gairdner with growers is decreasing in both WA and eastern Australia as
varieties with improved agronomic performance become available. As the national supply of
Gairdner decreases international markets will increasingly need to evaluate the newer medium
Page 5 of 113
fermentability malting varieties entering the market place. Target production zones are Albany and
Esperance port zones.
Granger is being assessed as a variety for export as grain. Granger is a new malting variety to the
market being targeted at the medium and high rainfall areas of WA. There is an opportunity for
Granger to undergo initial market development this year. International market feedback is unlikely
before seeding, but some feedback is expected to be available in the middle of 2015. Even though
Granger is being assessed for export as grain, there is no current demand for its export as malt
from WA. 2015, like 2014, should be seen as a seed bulk-up year. It is suggested that growers
grow Granger with intentions to deliver it into feed barley segregations until there are clearer
segregation, pricing and market demand signals. Target production zones are Albany and
Esperance port zones.
Scope CL is an acceptable variety for export as grain and is being assessed for export as malt.
Scope CL is being viewed by growers as an agronomic replacement for Buloke but with the added
advantage of in-crop brome and barley grass control. As a consequence, there has been a rapid
adoption of Scope CL and a subsequent dis-adoption of Buloke. Growers need to be aware that
even though Scope CL is derived from Buloke, it is still in the early stages of its international
market development. Current market demand does not match current supply. The Western
Australian barley industry will not transition from Buloke to Scope CL until Scope CL is approved
by our international customers. Growers should be aware of two key issues that could affect the
future acceptance of Scope CL in international markets. One is the off-label use of imidazolinone
herbicides and the second is varietal purity. In February 2014, Japan increased its surveillance
protocols for all barley shipments from Australia for the next five years (source: GRDC
GroundCover May-June 2014). This followed the detection in market surveillance samples of
residues of imazapyr and imazapic above both the Japanese import tolerances and the Australian
standards. Growers should follow the label when applying herbicides to Scope CL barley and
should not apply any off-label imidazolinone herbicides. The only imidazolinone herbicide
registered for use with Scope CL barley is Intervix® (imazapyr/imazamox). Barley Australia has
advised that co-binning of malt grade Scope CL and Buloke is not allowed. This is to ensure the
market can be confident in terms of end use reliability and performance. CBH have similarly
advised that they will not be co-binning malt grade Scope CL and malt grade Buloke in WA. It is
important that growers do not ruin the integrity of Scope CL malt stacks by contaminating them
with Buloke barley and vice-versa. Correct variety declaration is a legal requirement under the
Plant Breeders Rights Act and misdeclaration is a breach of the Bulk Handlers Act. Genetic tests
can distinguish between Scope CL and Buloke. To minimise the risk, CBH with the support of
SeedNet (the licensing agent for both Buloke and Scope CL) are sampling deliveries of Buloke
and Scope CL to monitor for contamination. Target production zones are Geraldton, Kwinana,
Albany and Esperance port zones.
Vlamingh is an acceptable variety when exported as malt. Vlamingh is an established malting
variety with a small demand from the domestic market to export as malt. There is limited demand
for Vlamingh for export as grain. Once sufficient volumes of Commander or another equivalent
grade malt barley become available there will unlikely be any domestic market demand for
Vlamingh barley in WA. Target production zone is Kwinana port zone.
Food barley varieties
Hindmarsh is not a malting variety but is segregated as a food grade variety (BFOD1). Since the
last GIWA Malting Barley Variety Receival Recommendations in August 2013, the area sown to
the food variety Hindmarsh has increased significantly from 15% in 2012 to 30% in 2013 and could
grow to a predicted 40–50% of the barley area in 2014 and maintain that production in 2015.
Page 6 of 113
Hindmarsh has established itself as a marketable variety into the Chinese market as a mid-range
malting barley. Hindmarsh can also be used in Japan to manufacture the distilled white spirit
shochu. In recent years the Hindmarsh grain used in Japan has been sourced from eastern
Australia. WA is now a new source for Hindmarsh grain exports for the Japanese shochu market.
Barley shochu is a distilled beverage (typically 25% alcohol by volume) produced from the
fermentation of pearled barley grain and is not made from malted barley.
The local maltsters in Perth would prefer that Hindmarsh did not replace plantings of Baudin,
Buloke, Commander, Gairdner and Vlamingh in the Kwinana port zone and the northern parts of
the Albany port zone. The local maltsters (who buy nearly one third of our malting barley crop
annually) have no demand for Hindmarsh as it was not accredited as a malting variety by Barley
Australia and is not accepted by their brewing customers. Hindmarsh underwent significant levels
of commercial malting evaluation in Australia and during those tests its malt quality was regularly
compromised by unacceptably high wort beta-glucan (β-glucan) and wort viscosity levels. Those
factors can result in difficulties in the separation of the wort from the mash during the brewing
process and create problems with beer filtration.
The price paid for segregated Hindmarsh will be subject to market demand, the feed barley price,
the price of accredited malting varieties and the availability of accredited malting varieties. In years
of tight supply, a premium over feed may be offered, but in years of abundant supply of good
quality malting barley, there may be no difference in price between Hindmarsh and feed barley.
Growers should expect that Hindmarsh will be priced relative to feed varieties and not relative to
malting varieties. Segregation (BFOD1) opportunities likely in all four port zones.
Barley varieties awaiting accreditation
The accreditation of malting and food barley varieties grown in Australia is overseen by Barley
Australia (barleyaustralia.com.au). Barley Australia is a not-for-profit independent organisation
representing members of Australia’s malting and brewing industry. For each new variety of barley
bred in Australia, there are a rigorous series of evaluations and minimum standards the variety
must pass in order to gain accreditation as a nationally recognised malting barley variety. Breeding
companies submit varieties to Barley Australia with a case supporting their request for evaluation
and accreditation for malting status. The actual accreditation process is managed by the Malting
and Brewing Industry Barley Technical Committee (MBIBTC). The MBIBTC is a national industry
body, comprised of a panel of malting and brewing experts, who assess each variety to establish if
it will meet international and/or domestic market performance requirements. This involves
commercially malting the barley and evaluating the processed malt, using approved analysis
methodology from the international bodies the Institute of Brewing and Distilling and the European
Brewing Convention.
When the MBIBTC is satisfied with the malting performance and malt quality under commercial
conditions the barley variety is passed on to Pilot Brewing Australia for brewing evaluation. The
results of the brewing trials are returned to the MBIBTC for review. A variety must pass stage one
of the malting and brewing trials before it can pass to stage two of testing. At the end of stage two
the MBIBTC make a recommendation to Barley Australia. Barley Australia then reviews the
MBIBTC reports and indicates the national status of the variety evaluated: malt, food or feed.
There are currently a large number of varieties undergoing stage one or stage two of the Barley
Australia malting and brewing accreditation process. Commercial accreditation is typically a 2–3
year process, but can be as long as five years. Details of this process and the advanced varieties
under evaluation can be found on the Barley Australia website: barleyaustralia.com.au.
Of the varieties listed:
Page 7 of 113
•
Compass (tested as WI4593, breeder – University of Adelaide),
•
Flinders (tested as WABAR2537, breeder – InterGrain),
•
La Trobe (tested as IGB1101, breeder – InterGrain), and
•
Skipper (tested as WI4446, breeder – University of Adelaide)
are likely to be the most relevant to WA. Of the two other varieties listed, Barley Australia is
waiting for further advice about SY Rattler, whilst Litmus grain has been detected as having a blue
aleurone. Flinders, La Trobe and Skipper have all completed stage one and are undergoing stage
two in 2014 with a decision on their status due by April 2015. Compass is currently in stage one
testing in 2014 with malting accreditation scheduled for 2016. Compass will be available as a high
yielding feed variety in 2015 with seed multiplication crops in WA in 2014.
Malt accreditation by Barley Australia of Flinders, La Trobe or Skipper in autumn 2015 is likely to
result in accumulation opportunities for some growers for international market development from
WA in 2015. If Flinders and/or La Trobe are accredited there will be seed available for sale in WA
next year. There is currently no seed production of Skipper in WA. If accreditation does occur,
2015 should primarily be seen as a seed bulk-up year. As with any newly accredited variety,
growers should sow them with the intention of delivering them as feed barley until there are clearer
segregation, pricing and market demand signals.
Page 8 of 113
Table 1 Expected market usage at the 2015/16 harvest and comments about each malting barley variety when grown in WA (source: GIWA
Barley Council)
Variety
(indicative
market size)
Export as
grain
Export as
malt
Export as
shochu
Market comments
(> 500 000 t) (300 000 t) (160 000 t)


Bass
Yes
Yes
No





Baudin
Yes
Yes
Yes





Buloke
Yes
Yes
No





Bass is still undergoing international market development for export as grain and as
malt
Bass has now been fully approved by SABMiller (currently second largest brewer in
world)
there is also positive feedback from some key grain customers in China
overall market acceptance from malt customers is still low
Bass is not suitable for the manufacture of shochu in Japan
target production zones in 2015 are Kwinana, Albany and Esperance port zones.
Baudin is the ‘market leader’ and is still regarded as the premium quality malting
barley
very strong international market demand for export as both grain and malt
accepted for shochu production in Japan
until there is a suitable replacement expect Baudin to be priced at a premium to other
malting varieties
target production zones in 2015 are Kwinana, Albany and Esperance port zones.
Buloke is still an important variety as Scope CL is not yet approved by our
international customers
Buloke has established demand from international grain and malt markets
not suitable for shochu
do not mix Buloke grain with Scope CL grain or vice versa at seeding or at harvest
declining acreage may limit segregation opportunities in 2015
target production zones in 2015 are Kwinana and Albany port zones.
Page 9 of 113
Variety
(indicative
market size)
Export as
grain
Export as
malt
Export as
shochu
Market comments
(> 500 000 t) (300 000 t) (160 000 t)

Commander
Yes
Yes
No




Gairdner
Yes
Yes
No





Granger
Yes
No
No




Scope CL
Yes
Yes
No





there is demand for Commander from the domestic market to export as malt as a
replacement/substitute for Gairdner and Vlamingh
segregation opportunities will increase as production increases
market price similar to established malting varieties
target production zone in 2015 is Kwinana port zone.
there is still steady international market demand for Gairdner grain, although national
volumes of Gairdner are declining
Gairdner is likely to be phased out in a year or two
vigilance is required to ensure varietal purity remains at an internationally acceptable
standard (ie. >95%)
target production zones in 2015 are Albany and Esperance port zones.
Granger is in the very early stages of international market development
2015 will be the first opportunity for international customers to assess the malting
performance of this variety
being assessed for export as grain
not being assessed for export as malt or for shochu
target production zones in 2015 are Albany and Esperance port zones.
Scope CL is a new malting variety and while it has been accepted by most grain
markets it has not yet been accepted by malt markets
not suitable for shochu
the only imi-herbicide registered for use with Scope CL is Intervix®
do not use other imi-herbicides on Scope CL as residues detected in the grain may
jeopardise future international market access
do not mix Scope CL grain with Buloke grain or vice versa at seeding or at harvest
target production zones in 2015 are Geraldton, Kwinana, Albany and Esperance port
zones.
Page 10 of 113
Variety
(indicative
market size)
Export as
grain
Export as
malt
Export as
shochu
Market comments
(> 500 000 t) (300 000 t) (160 000 t)

Vlamingh
Yes
Yes
No


Vlamingh is still being used by the domestic market for export as malt as volumes of
alternative varieties like Commander are not yet adequate to meet demand
limited demand for Vlamingh for export as grain
target production zone in 2015 is Kwinana port zone.
Page 11 of 113
Table 2 Target production zones (likely segregation zones) in 2015 (source: GIWA Barley Council)
Port Zone
Geraldton
Kwinana
Albany
Esperance
(% total barley area)
~5%
~40%
~30%
~25%
Malt
Bass
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malt
Baudin
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Malt
Buloke
No
Yes
Yes
No
Malt
Commander
No
Limited
No
No
Malt
Gairdner
No
No
Yes
Yes
Malt
Granger
No
No
Limited
Limited
Malt
Scope CL
Yes
Yes
Yes
Limited
Malt
Vlamingh
No
Limited
No
No
Food
Hindmarsh
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Grade
Figure 1 Popularity of barley varieties (per cent of barley area) grown in WA over the last nine seasons. ‘New’ malt includes the varieties Bass,
Commander, Granger and Scope CL. ‘Old’ malt includes the varieties Hamelin and Stirling (source: figure based on grower estimates as
provided to CBH for 2006–13 and DAFWA predicted area for 2014)
Variety
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014f
Baudin
23%
24%
22%
24%
27%
24%
18%
9%
6%
Buloke
no data
0%
2%
11%
22%
26%
27%
21%
9%
Gairdner
23%
21%
19%
19%
17%
12%
11%
8%
4%
Hindmarsh
no data
no data
0%
0%
1%
5%
15%
30%
41%
Page 12 of 113
Variety
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014f
Vlamingh
0%
0%
10%
11%
14%
17%
12%
7%
3%
‘New’ malt
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
17%
32%
‘Old’ malt
32%
29%
21%
16%
8%
6%
3%
1%
0%
Feed
21%
25%
26%
18%
11%
10%
11%
7%
5%
Page 13 of 113
Grain yield comparisons
National Variety Trials (NVT) grain yield information is presented in Table 3. NVT provides
Estimated Genetic Values (EGVs) of grain yield for commercial varieties. Estimates of the genetic
value (yield) of individual varieties (on a state or region basis) are obtained from a statistical
analysis of long term (five years) multi-environment trial (MET) data. These values represent the
best available predictions for the specified Agzone (Figure 2) and are provided to facilitate reliable
variety selection decisions. Agzones have been developed through statistical performance to
group together environmental regions that give similar crop performance in WA.
In coming years the method in which NVT grain yield data will be presented will change, but as the
new method has not yet been released this sowing guide contains the traditional method we have
presented grain yield performance in the past, which is based on Agzones.
In addition, many varieties have been compared in a larger dataset by combining grain yield data
collected from DAFWA-GRDC barley agronomy research (DAW00148, DAW00190 and
DAW00224) with CVT and NVT data. Varieties are compared in a balanced analysis (all varieties
present in all site x management trials or trial-years) through linear functional relationship
modelling and presented relative to a control variety at different levels of potential yield (Figures 3–
7).
The NVT MET analysis suggests the benchmark varieties for grain yield in WA are Compass,
Hindmarsh, La Trobe, Lockyer and Oxford, depending on Agzone (Table 3). Compass, Hindmarsh
(= La Trobe), Lockyer and Oxford differ from each other in their agronomy, genetics and
phenology (Tables 4–10) clearly demonstrating there are many ways in which grain yield can be
achieved. The relative yield of Compass, Hindmarsh, Lockyer and Oxford, however, differs as the
site yield potential changes (Figures 3 and 4). As Compass (and Flinders) have only recently been
included in NVT in WA, the analyses comparing varieties at different yield potential does not yet
include Compass and Flinders.
In the less than three tonne per hectare (t/ha) environments (which is a large part of the state)
Hindmarsh is the stand out variety. In those environments it is expected that the main competitors
to Hindmarsh will be Compass (similar grain yield and being assessed for a malting and brewing
end use), Fathom (due to its longer coleoptile), La Trobe (similar grain yield and being assessed
for a malting and brewing end use), Litmus (due to its acid soil tolerance) and Scope CL (due to its
resistance to the Clearfield® herbicide Intervix®). Malting varieties require a more favourable
premium in the less than 3t/ha environments to be competitive with Hindmarsh. Mundah is still
popular with growers but outclassed by Hindmarsh in most situations.
In the more than 3t/ha environments, Hindmarsh is not the automatic choice, there are many
varieties with a similar or higher yield potential (Figures 5–7). Competitors include the malting
varieties Bass, Buloke, Commander, Granger and Scope CL; and the feed varieties Lockyer and
Oxford. Many of those varieties have improved disease resistance relative to Hindmarsh and
many are better suited to late April and early May sowing than Hindmarsh (Tables 5–9). Other new
varieties to consider include Compass, Flinders and La Trobe.
Page 14 of 113
Table 3 Grain yield of barley varieties expressed as a percentage of Hindmarsh (NVT 2009–13). Data presented where there are five or more
observations (source: NVT Online nvtonline.com.au)
Grade
Variety
Agzone 1
Agzone 2
Agzone 3
Malt
Bass
99%
84%
91%
85%
84%
94%
Malt
Baudin
86%
83%
78%
83%
83%
83%
Malt
Buloke
93%
90%
93%
93%
88%
90%
Malt
Commander
96%
87%
89%
88%
86%
93%
Malt
Gairdner
81%
86%
84%
84%
85%
83%
Malt
Granger
no data
94%
95%
no data
89%
100%
Malt
Scope CL
94%
91%
93%
93%
87%
90%
Malt
Vlamingh
95%
90%
89%
87%
86%
91%
Food
Hindmarsh
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Feed
Dash
no data
no data
95%
no data
95%
no data
Feed
Fathom
no data
93%
97%
99%
96%
98%
Feed
Fleet
102%
92%
95%
95%
93%
93%
Feed
Litmus
no data
95%
81%
no data
87%
no data
Feed
Lockyer
103%
97%
97%
94%
96%
101%
Feed
Mundah
79%
86%
83%
91%
83%
77%
Feed
Oxford
101%
91%
95%
no data
86%
104%
Feed
Roe
95%
95%
91%
95%
91%
90%
Feed
Yagan
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
no data
Page 15 of 113
Agzone 4
Agzone 5
Agzone 6
Grade
Variety
Awaiting classification
Compass
Awaiting classification
Flinders
Awaiting classification
Benchmark
Agzone 1
Agzone 2
Agzone 3
Agzone 4
Agzone 5
Agzone 6
no data
101%
100%
no data
96%
no data
100%
96%
96%
92%
93%
102%
La Trobe
no data
99%
101%
no data
100%
102%
Hindmarsh yield
3.02t/ha
2.94t/ha
4.12t/ha
2.41t/ha
2.99t/ha
3.50t/ha
Page 16 of 113
Table 4 Grain yield of Litmus relative to Hindmarsh at different levels of sub-soil pH (source: 2010–13 DAFWA barley agronomy and 2012–13
NVT)
pHCa of sub-soil
Grain yield of Litmus (%
Hindmarsh)
Per cent of sites at which Litmus was
higher, same or lower yielding than
Hindmarsh
Number of sites
pH < 4.8
106 ± 4%
30% higher
47% same
23% lower
30 sites
pH 4.8 to 6.5
95 ± 2%
7% higher
63% same
30% lower
27 sites
pH > 6.5
86 ± 5%
0% higher
33% same
67% lower
6 sites
All sites
100 ± 2%
18% higher
52% same
30% lower
63 sites
Page 17 of 113
Figure 2 Agzone map of the south-west corner of WA. Agzones have been developed through statistical analysis of long term crop variety trials
and group together environmental regions that give similar crop performance. There are six cereal agzones in WA. Agzone 1 includes the
medium and high rainfall areas around Geraldton. Agzone 2 includes the high rainfall areas around Moora and the medium rainfall areas from
Carnamah to Corrigin to Pingrup. Agzone 3 includes the high rainfall areas from Bolgart to Mt Barker and the medium rainfall areas around
Gnowangerup. Agzone 4 includes the low rainfall areas from Mullewa to Merredin and Southern Cross. Agzone 5 includes the medium rainfall
areas from Newdegate to Scaddan and the low rainfall areas from Hyden to Salmon Gums. Agzone 6 includes the high rainfall areas from
Wellstead to Condingup.
Page 18 of 113
Figure 3 Relative grain yield (kilograms per hectare (kg/ha)) of the malting variety Buloke (r2 = 0.93) and feed varieties Fathom (r2 = 0.93), Fleet
(r2 = 0.92), Lockyer (r2 = 0.90), Mundah (r2 = 0.87) and Roe (r2 = 0.95) at different grain yields (kg/ha) achieved by the food variety Hindmarsh
(source: data from 2011 DAFWA barley agronomy and 2010–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 67 trial-years of data).
Hindmarsh yield (kg/ha)
Buloke
Fathom
Fleet
Lockyer
Mundah
Roe
500
-119
-52
-73
-73
-116
-56
1000
-191
-84
-122
-107
-212
-96
1500
-243
-107
-161
-124
-299
-130
2000
-282
-125
-194
-129
-381
-161
2500
-310
-139
-221
-127
-459
-188
3000
-331
-149
-245
-118
-534
-213
3500
-344
-157
-265
-103
-606
-236
4000
-351
-163
-283
-84
-676
-257
4500
-352
-167
-298
-60
-743
-277
5000
-349
-168
-311
-32
-809
-295
5500
-341
-168
-322
-1
-873
-312
Page 19 of 113
Figure 4 Relative grain yield (kg/ha) of the malting variety Buloke (r2 = 0.96) and feed varieties Fleet (r2 = 0.95), Lockyer (r2 = 0.95), Oxford (r2 =
0.89) and Roe (r2 = 0.95) at different grain yields (kg/ha) achieved by the food variety Hindmarsh (source: data from 2009–13 DAFWA barley
agronomy and 2008–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 117 trial-years of data)
Hindmarsh yield (kg/ha)
Buloke
Fleet
Lockyer
Oxford
Roe
500
-83
-12
-79
-321
-11
1000
-131
-29
-109
-498
-29
1500
-164
-49
-118
-583
-50
2000
-188
-70
-113
-593
-72
2500
-204
-92
-98
-539
-96
3000
-214
-115
-74
-428
-122
3500
-220
-138
-43
-265
-147
4000
-221
-162
-6
-54
-174
4500
-219
-186
+37
+202
-201
5000
-213
-211
+85
+500
-229
5500
-204
-237
+137
+839
-258
Page 20 of 113
Figure 5 Relative grain yield (kg/ha) of the malting varieties Buloke (r2 = 0.90), Gairdner (r2 = 0.90) and Vlamingh (r2 = 0.93) at different grain
yields (kg/ha) achieved by the malting variety Baudin (source: data from 2004, 2006–13 DAFWA barley agronomy, 2004–08 CVT and 2009–13
NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 425 trial-years of data).
Baudin yield (kg/ha)
Buloke
Gairdner
Vlamingh
500
+65
-111
+2
1000
+110
-140
+19
1500
+149
-133
+43
2000
+183
-101
+70
2500
+213
-50
+100
3000
+241
+18
+133
3500
+267
+99
+167
4000
+290
+193
+204
4500
+313
+297
+241
5000
+333
+411
+280
5500
+353
+534
+321
Page 21 of 113
Figure 6 Relative grain yield (kg/ha) of the malting varieties Bass (r2 = 0.93), Baudin (r2 = 0.91), Buloke (r2 = 0.89), Commander (r2 = 0.93),
Granger (r2 = 0.92) and Vlamingh (r2 = 0.92) at different grain yields (kg/ha) achieved by the food variety Hindmarsh (source: data from 2010–13
DAFWA barley agronomy and 2009–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 211 trial-years of data).
Hindmarsh yield (kg/ha)
Bass
Baudin
Buloke
Commander
Granger
Vlamingh
500
-217
-198
-188
-194
-237
-176
1000
-335
-312
-287
-292
-357
-273
1500
-403
-387
-343
-343
-416
-335
2000
-437
-433
-368
-360
-430
-370
2500
-443
-457
-370
-351
-407
-387
3000
-424
-463
-352
-320
-353
-387
3500
-386
-454
-317
-269
-272
-372
4000
-329
-430
-267
-201
-166
-346
4500
-256
-394
-203
-119
-38
-309
5000
-167
-346
-127
-22
+111
-261
5500
-65
-288
-39
+88
+279
-205
Page 22 of 113
Figure 7 Relative grain yield (kg/ha) of the malting varieties Bass (r2 = 0.96), Baudin (r2 = 0.93), Scope (r2 = 0.96) and Vlamingh (r2 = 0.94) and
the food variety Hindmarsh (r2 = 0.95) at different grain yields (kg/ha) achieved by the malting variety Buloke (source: data from 2009–13
DAFWA barley agronomy and 2009–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 178 trial-years of data).
Buloke yield (kg/ha)
Bass
Baudin
Hindmarsh
Scope CL
Vlamingh
500
-123
-34
+94
+32
-22
1000
-172
-71
+142
+46
-37
1500
-190
-111
+175
+53
-50
2000
-185
-152
+198
+56
-62
2500
-163
-193
+214
+56
-73
3000
-127
-235
+224
+53
-83
3500
-78
-278
+229
+49
-92
4000
-20
-321
+230
+42
-100
4500
+49
-364
+228
+34
-108
5000
+125
-408
+222
+25
-115
5500
+210
-452
+214
+14
-122
Page 23 of 113
Disease resistance
Disease, virus and nematode resistance data is presented in Tables 5, 6 and 7.
Seedling and adult resistance
Leaf disease ratings in this guide now include seedling and adult plant resistance ratings for the
foliar leaf diseases net type net blotch (NTNB), spot type net blotch (STNB), powdery mildew and
barley leaf rust (Tables 5 and 6). Seedling ratings are applicable at early growth stages (2–3 leaf
stage) and are important for making decisions on seed fungicide treatments and/or to know the
likely response of a variety if there is early disease pressure. Seedling ratings are also important
when assigning varieties to paddocks. Varieties susceptible to stubble borne diseases like scald,
NTNB and STNB are at a high risk of early infection if sown onto one or two year old barley
stubble. Adult plant ratings are applicable at later plant growth stages (after flag leaf emergence),
but in some varieties and for some diseases the adult ratings may be applicable as early as stem
elongation. Variation in the seedling and adult rating of a variety is most likely due to the presence
or absence of adult plant resistance genes.
Disease surveillance
Growers and consultants observing barley varieties rated as MRMS, MR or R to scald, NTNB,
STNB, powdery mildew or barley leaf rust carrying significantly greater levels of disease than
expected should collect infected material for pathotype identification.
Samples of powdery mildew infected leaf material should be forwarded to the Centre for Crop and
Disease Management at Curtin University. Unlike other leaf diseases, powdery mildew infected
leaves need to be placed into agar to maintain a live culture for pathotyping. To arrange sample
collection contact either Richard Oliver via e-mail on richard.oliver@curtin.edu.au and phone
+61 (0)8 9266 7872 or Simon Ellwood via email on simon.elwood@curtin.edu.au and phone
+61 (0)8 9266 9138.
Infected scald, NTNB, STNB and barley leaf rust leaf material must be sent in paper envelopes
marked with location, variety, disease and date collected. Fold the leaf in half so the infected area
is on the inside. Please do not wrap leaf material in plastic or send in plastic lined envelopes.
Scald, NTNB and STNB infected leaf material should be sent to the Department of Agriculture and
Food, Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 and marked attention Sanjiv Gupta or
Jason Bradley. For more information contact Sanjiv Gupta (S.Gupta@murdoch.edu.au) and phone
+61 (0)8 9368 3622 or Jason Bradley (jason.bradley@agric.wa.gov.au) and phone
+61 (0)8 9368 3982.
Barley leaf rust samples should be sent directly to the ACRCP Annual Cereal Rust Survey, Plant
Breeding Institute, Private Bag 4011, Narellan NSW 2567. For more information contact Professor
Robert Park (robert.park@sydney.edu.au) and +61 (0)2 9351 8806.
Scald
Scald is potentially very damaging in barley as an infection can kill leaves prematurely and reduce
seed weight. A severe early infection can reduce head number and grain number. Yield losses of
up to 45% are possible with associated quality defects. Fortunately many of the varieties we have
been growing in recent years have had some resistance against scald and levels of infection have
been low. Some of the new varieties (ie. Granger and Litmus) are susceptible to scald and as the
area sown to varieties with a susceptible rating increases the prevalence of scald will increase,
Page 24 of 113
especially as we drive seeding dates earlier. Growers need to be using appropriate rotation and
disease management strategies to limit scald.
The only variety whose adult plant resistance score has decreased since the last sowing guide is
Gairdner (MRMS to MS).
Page 25 of 113
Net type net blotch
In addition to seedling and adult plant ratings, the resistance of barley to two distinct isolates of
NTNB prevalent in WA is presented, Beecher virulent (95NB100) and Beecher avirulent (97NB1).
Varieties can differ in their response to NTNB depending on which isolate is present in the
paddock. The reaction of Bass, Fleet and Flinders as seedlings will differ significantly depending
on what isolate of NTNB is present. The reaction of Bass, Compass, Granger, La Trobe, Lockyer
and Yagan as adults will differ significantly depending on what isolate of NTNB is present. The
Beecher avirulent (non-attacking) isolate is prevalent throughout the state, whereas the Beecher
virulent (attacking) isolate is more common north of the Great Eastern Highway.
Bass (MRMS to MS), Fathom (MRMS to MSS) and Granger (MR to MRMS) varieties’s adult plant
resistance score to Beecher avirulent NTNB has decreased since the last sowing guide.
Spot type net blotch
Most barley varieties are susceptible to STNB as an adult. Fathom (MRMS) has the best adult
resistance to STNB of the current varieties. Some of the varieties susceptible as an adult have
some tolerance as a seedling. This reduces the likelihood of early infection carrying through to the
adult stage when they are susceptible. Varieties susceptible at the adult stage but with some
resistance at the seedling stage (seedling resistance in brackets) include Bass (MRMS), Baudin
(MRMS), Compass (MRMS), Buloke (MRMS), Flinders (MRMS), Scope CL (MS), Vlamingh
(MRMS) and Yagan (MRMS).
Adult plant resistance score of varieties to STNB has not changed since last sowing guide.
Powdery mildew
Mutation of the CYP51 gene in powdery mildew has resulted in the compromised efficacy of many
DMI fungicides in controlling powdery mildew at label rates. Higher value DMI fungicides and new
actives, such as strobilurins and spiroxamine, are now being used. Reducing the area of
production of varieties rated as S or VS to powdery mildew (ie. Baudin, Gairdner and Vlamingh) is
a key step in reducing our reliance on fungicides. Despite the availability of several more resistant
options this reduction is taking time as many of the susceptible varieties have a high market
demand and in some cases the premiums offered offset some of the cost of controlling powdery
mildew. New malting options becoming available will assist with the removal of susceptible
varieties, but they are not yet approved by our international customers of malt and grain.
It is also important to be aware there is laboratory based evidence indicating that some of the
genes that provide resistance to powdery mildew in some of our barley varieties may be
compromised. Popularly grown or new varieties in WA with intermediate resistance or above
(MRMS, MR and R) to powdery mildew can be categorised into eight broad groups based on the
postulated or known effective genes that control their resistance to powdery mildew.
Only those varieties carrying the mlo gene like Granger have durable resistance to powdery
mildew. The rest are more vulnerable to mutations of the powdery mildew fungus, but the diversity
in resistance genes and the presence of multiple genes in some varieties means that not all
varieties will be rendered susceptible at the same time if mutations occur or the known mutations
become more widespread.
The eight broad groups separated on known or postulated effective genes (in brackets) include the
following varieties:
Group 1 (MlGa) – Fathom, Fleet
Page 26 of 113
Group 2 (MlLa) – Hindmarsh, La Trobe, Lockyer
Group 3 (MlGa, MlLa) – Commander
Group 4 (Mla7, MlLa, U) – Buloke, Scope CL
Group 5 (Mla7, MlLa, Mlk1) – Dash
Group 6 (Ml(Ch), Mlra) – Yagan
Group 7 (Ml(St)) – Oxford
Group 8 (mlo) – Granger.
Field screening of varieties with different genes, however, has not yet found any significant
regional variation in the field resistance of varieties to powdery mildew. Adult plant resistance
score of varieties to powdery mildew has not changed since the last sowing guide.
Barley leaf rust
A new pathotype of barley leaf rust (5457 P-) was detected in September 2013 across multiple
locations across the south coast (South Stirlings to Esperance). This new pathotype is a singlestep mutational derivative of our existing pathotype, 5453 P-, with added virulence for Rph3. Bass
and Compass carry the Rph3 gene as their main source of resistance to barley leaf rust and they
are expected to show a susceptible reaction at both the seedling and adult plant stage when
pathotype 5457 P- is present.
Granger and Oxford carry an adult plant resistance gene Rph20 in addition to the Rph3 gene.
When pathotype 5457 P- is present, they are expected to be more susceptible to leaf rust as a
seedling until their adult resistance gene becomes effective. The reaction of Granger and Oxford is
expected to be like Dash at the seedling stage (MS). Dash only carries the adult plant resistance
gene Rph20 for leaf rust. The adult plant resistance gene in Fleet conferring it an intermediate
reaction is unknown.
Barley and cereal yellow dwarf
Both barley yellow dwarf (BYD) and cereal yellow dwarf (CYD) occur in WA. As the screening for
varietal resistance occurs in the field the resistance score reflects the rating to both being present,
although BYD is more frequent than CYD at a ratio of approximately 2:1. BYD can reduce grain
yield by up to 80% with seedling infection and up to 20% with later infection. Barley plants
primarily become infected from infected oat (Rhopalosiphum padi) and/or corn leaf
(Rhopalosiphum maidis) aphids. Varietal resistance reduces the impact of the virus on plant
growth but does not reduce the impact of aphid feeding on plant growth. Varietal resistance to
BYD and CYD therefore does not reduce the need to spray for aphids to prevent yield loss from
feeding damage once they reach threshold levels in the crop (50% of tillers with 15 or more
aphids).
Root lesion nematode
Root lesion nematode (RLN, Pratylenchus spp) occurs in more than 65% of Western Australian
cropping paddocks. P. neglectus is the most frequent RLN, occurring in at least 76% of infested
paddocks surveyed in 2013. P. teres, unique to WA, is the next most common at around 26% of
infected paddocks surveyed in 2013. Cereal yield losses due to RLN are in the order of 10– 30%,
but can be higher, particularly where P. teres occurs. The actual yield loss due to RLN in different
barley varieties is not yet quantified, but the impact of different varieties on nematode populations
is (Table 7). Table 7 includes both P. neglectus and P. teres resistance scores. This information
Page 27 of 113
can be used to design rotations that will lower nematode populations as resistant varieties retard
nematode development, leading to lower nematode levels in the soil for subsequent crops.
Cereal cyst nematode
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is present in cropping regions around Geraldton and in the Avon
Valley around Northam, but it can occur in any area. Unlike RLN, barley varieties are tolerant to
CCN, so yield loss is limited even when infection does occur. The planting of CCN resistant
varieties retards nematode development, leading to lower nematode levels in the soil for
subsequent crops.
Page 28 of 113
Table 5 Seedling (2 to 3 leaf stage) leaf disease resistance profiles when grown in WA (source: Sanjiv Gupta)
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS = intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / =
due to multiple strains of the pathogen the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet quantified, p = provisional
rating only, - = no data available.
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
virulent
pathotype)
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
avirulent
pathotype)
Spot type net
blotch (South
Perth
pathotype)
Powdery
mildew (South
Perth
pathotype)
Barley leaf
rust (5453 Ppathotype)
Grade
Variety
Scald (Medina
pathotype)
Malt
Bass
-
MR
S
MRMS
MS
R/S
Malt
Baudin
-
S
S
MRMS
VS
SVS
Malt
Buloke
-
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
MR
S
Malt
Commander
-
S
S
S
MRMS
S
Malt
Gairdner
-
MRMS
MRMS
S
VS
S
Malt
Granger
-
S
MSp
S
R
R#
Malt
Scope CL
-
MR
MRMS
MS
R
S
Malt
Vlamingh
-
MR
MR
MRMS
S
S
Food
Hindmarsh
-
MRMS
MRMS
S
MRMS
S
Feed
Dash
-
MRMS
MRMS
S
R
MSp
Feed
Fathom
-
S
S
MR
MRMS
S
Feed
Fleet
-
MSp
MRMS
MR
MRMS
S
Feed
Litmus
-
S
Sp
S
MSS
S
Feed
Lockyer
-
MR
MR
S
MRMS
S
Page 29 of 113
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
virulent
pathotype)
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
avirulent
pathotype)
Spot type net
blotch (South
Perth
pathotype)
Powdery
mildew (South
Perth
pathotype)
Barley leaf
rust (5453 Ppathotype)
Grade
Variety
Scald (Medina
pathotype)
Feed
Mundah
-
S
MS
S
S
S
Feed
Oxford
-
R
MR
S
R
R#
Feed
Roe
-
S
MS
S
MS
S
Feed
Yagan
-
MRMS
MRMS
MRMS
R
S
Awaiting classification
Compass
-
MSp
S
MRMS
MS
MRMSp/S
Awaiting classification
Flinders
-
MRMS
S
MRMS
R
S
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
-
MRMS
MRMS
S
MRMS
MS
Pathotype: source of disease used to in evaluating the disease reaction of the different barley varieties. The source used for evaluating varietal resistance
represents the most common pathotype present in WA. On farm reactions of varieties may therefore differ if the pathotype/s present differ to the pathotype
used in testing.
Growth stage: the seedling resistance score (new) reflects resistance at the 2–3 leaf stage (data not relevant after four leaf stage). The adult resistance score
(used in previous sowing guides) reflects resistance after flag leaf emergence. Varieties with a VS or S rating at the seedling stage are at a greater risk of
early infection. Appropriate cultural (i.e. rotation) and/or chemical (i.e. fungicide) disease management strategies should be considered to minimise the risk
when planting those varieties.
Net type net blotch: there are two major isolates (95NB100 and 97NB1) of NTNB present in WA. The Beecher avirulent (95NB100) isolate is the dominant
isolate, but north of the Great Eastern Highway the Beecher virulent (95NB100) and avirulent (97NB1) isolate are present in similar proportions. The reaction
of Bass, Fleet and Flinders as seedlings will differ significantly depending on what isolate of NTNB is present.
Powdery mildew: varieties with a VS or S rating at the seedling stage (Baudin, Gairdner, Mundah and Vlamingh) should be treated with a seed dressing active
against powdery mildew to prevent early infection during the tillering stage.
Barley leaf rust: a new pathotype (5457 P-) was detected in September 2013 virulent on the Rph3 gene. Varieties marked with a / (Bass and Compass) carry
the Rph3 gene and will show a susceptible reaction at both the seedling and adult plant stage when pathotype 5457 P- is present. Varieties marked with a #
(Granger and Oxford) carry an adult plant resistance gene Rph20 in addition to the Rph3 gene. When pathotype 5457 P- is present, they are expected to be
more susceptible to leaf rust as a seedling until their adult resistance gene become effective.
Page 30 of 113
Table 6 Adult (after flag leaf emergence) leaf disease resistance profiles when grown in WA (source: Sanjiv Gupta)
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS = intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / =
due to multiple strains of the pathogen the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet quantified, p = provisional
rating only, - = no data available.
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
virulent
pathotype)
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
avirulent
pathotype)
Spot type net
blotch (South
Perth
pathotype)
Powdery
mildew (South
Perth
pathotype)
Barley leaf
rust (5453 Ppathotype)
Grade
Variety
Scald (Medina
pathotype)
Malt
Bass
MRMS
MRMS
MSS
S
MS
MR/S
Malt
Baudin
MSS
S
S
S
VS
SVS
Malt
Buloke
MS
MRMSp
MRMS
MS
MR
S
Malt
Commander
MSS
S
S
MSS
MR
S
Malt
Gairdner
MS
MRMS
MRMS
S
S
S
Malt
Granger
S
MS
MRMS
S
R
RMR
Malt
Scope CL
MS
MRMSp
MRMS
S
R
S
Malt
Vlamingh
MR
MRMS
MRMS
S
S
S
Food
Hindmarsh
MRMS
MS
MS
S
MRMS
S
Feed
Dash
R
MRMS
MRMS
S
R
R
Feed
Fathom
MR
S
MSS
MRMS
MRMS
S
Feed
Fleet
MS
MRMSp
MR
MS
MRMS
MRMS
Feed
Litmus
SVS
S
S
S
MS
S
Feed
Lockyer
MRMS
MSp
MRMS
S
MRMS
S
Page 31 of 113
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
virulent
pathotype)
Net type net
blotch
(Beecher
avirulent
pathotype)
Spot type net
blotch (South
Perth
pathotype)
Powdery
mildew (South
Perth
pathotype)
Barley leaf
rust (5453 Ppathotype)
Grade
Variety
Scald (Medina
pathotype)
Feed
Mundah
S
S
MS
S
MSS
S
Feed
Oxford
MS
MRMSp
MR
S
R
R
Feed
Roe
MSS
S
MSS
S
MS
S
Feed
Yagan
VS
MSSp
MRMS
S
MRMS
S
Awaiting classification
Compass
MS
MRMSp
MSS
S
MRp
MRp/S
Awaiting classification
Flinders
MS
MSp
MS
S
R
MR
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
MR
MS
MRMS
S
MRMS
S
Pathotype: source of disease used to in evaluating the disease reaction of the different barley varieties. The source used for evaluating varietal resistance
represents the most common pathotype present in WA. On farm reactions of varieties may therefore differ if the pathotype/s present differ to the pathotype
used in testing.
Growth stage: the adult resistance score (used in previous sowing guides) reflects resistance after flag leaf emergence. Varieties with a VS or S rating at the
seedling stage are at a greater risk of early infection. Appropriate cultural (i.e. rotation) and/or chemical (i.e. fungicide) disease management strategies should
be considered to minimise the risk when planting those varieties.
Net type net blotch: there are two major isolates (95NB100 and 97NB1) of NTNB present in Western Australia. The Beecher avirulent (95NB100) isolate is
the dominant isolate, but north of the Great Eastern Highway the Beecher virulent (95NB100) and avirulent (97NB1) isolate are present in similar proportions.
The reaction of Bass, Compass, Granger, La Trobe, Lockyer and Yagan as adults will differ significantly depending on what isolate of NTNB is present.
Powdery mildew: varieties with a VS or S rating at the seedling stage (Baudin, Gairdner, Mundah and Vlamingh) should be treated with a seed dressing active
against powdery mildew to prevent early infection during the tillering stage.
Barley leaf rust: a new pathotype (5457 P-) was detected in September 2013 virulent on the Rph3 gene. Varieties marked with a / (Bass and Compass) carry
the Rph3 gene and will show a susceptible reaction at both the seedling and adult plant stage when pathotype 5457 P- is present. Varieties marked with a #
(Granger and Oxford) carry an adult plant resistance gene Rph20 in addition to the Rph3 gene. When pathotype 5457 P- is present, they are expected to be
more susceptible to leaf rust as a seedling until their adult resistance gene become effective.
Page 32 of 113
Table 7 Virus and nematode seedling and adult resistance profiles when grown in WA (source: virus - Sanjiv Gupta and nematodes - Sarah
Collins)
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS = intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R =
resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Grade
Variety
Barley and cereal
yellow dwarf
Root lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus
neglectus)
Root lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus teres)
Cereal cyst nematode
Malt
Bass
MR
MSSp
MSp
S
Malt
Baudin
MR
MS
MSSp
S
Malt
Buloke
MRMS
MR
MRMSp
S
Malt
Commander
MRMSp
MS
MSp
R
Malt
Gairdner
MR
MS
MSp
S
Malt
Granger
MRMS
MS
MRMSp
S
Malt
Scope CL
MRp
MSSp
MSp
S
Malt
Vlamingh
MS
MS
MSp
S
Food
Hindmarsh
S
MR
MRp
R
Feed
Dash
MRMSp
MRMS
MRp
R
Feed
Fathom
MRp
-
-
R
Feed
Fleet
MRMS
MRMS
MRMSp
R
Feed
Litmus
Sp
-
-
-
Feed
Lockyer
S
MR
MRMSp
-
Page 33 of 113
Grade
Variety
Barley and cereal
yellow dwarf
Root lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus
neglectus)
Root lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus teres)
Cereal cyst nematode
Feed
Mundah
S
MR
MRp
S
Feed
Oxford
MRMS
MRMSp
-
S
Feed
Roe
MS
MR
MRp
-
Feed
Yagan
S
MS
MRp
-
Awaiting classification
Compass
MRMSp
-
-
R
Awaiting classification
Flinders
MR
-
-
S
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
Sp
MS
MSp
R
Barley and cereal yellow dwarf: plants become infected from infected oat and corn leaf aphids. Varietal resistance reduces the impact of the virus on plant
growth but does not reduce the impact of aphid feeding on plant growth.
Root lesion nematode: barley varieties vary in the impact of root lesion nematode on their growth. A resistant variety retards nematode development, leading
to lower nematode levels in the soil for subsequent crops.
Cereal cyst nematode: all barley varieties are tolerant of cereal cyst nematode but a resistant variety retards nematode development, leading to lower
nematode levels in the soil for subsequent crops.
Page 34 of 113
Agronomic attributes
Tables 8–10 and Figures 8–10 cover different agronomic attributes of each variety in this
sowing guide.
Table 8 describes agronomic characteristics (i.e. coleoptile length, straw strength and plant
height), whilst Figures 8–10 compare the grain plumpness of different varieties. These grain
plumpness figures have been developed by combining grain plumpness (% < 2.5 millimetres
(mm)) data collected from DAFWA-GRDC barley agronomy research (DAW00148, DAW00190
and DAW00224) with CVT and NVT data. Varieties are then compared in a balanced analysis
(all varieties present in all site x management trials or trial-years) through linear functional
relationship modelling and presented relative to a control variety at different levels of grain
plumpness.
The benchmark variety for grain plumpness is Vlamingh (Figures 8–10). All the newer malting
varieties have a grain plumpness which is better than Baudin, Buloke and especially Gairdner.
Of them the plumpest variety is Bass, which is equivalent to Vlamingh. Granger is slightly
plumper than Commander depending on the level of screenings. Scope CL is slightly plumper
than Buloke. None of those three are as plump as Bass or Vlamingh, but they are all very close
to Hindmarsh. The food variety Hindmarsh is intermediate between Baudin and Vlamingh
depending on the level of screenings. As Compass and Flinders have only recently been
included in NVT in WA, the analyses comparing varieties at different levels of grain plumpness
do not yet include those varieties.
It can be very difficult to distinguish between varieties once they are sown in the paddock. Table
9 attempts to provide some visual guides as to how one might use plant traits to separate
varieties or to identify contaminated seed. Some of the questions you might ask include:
•
What did the crop look like at 8–10 weeks after seeding (prostrate or erect)?
•
Does it have red auricles at the base of the leaf blade where it wraps around the stem?
•
Does the head have red awns?
•
How long are the awns?
•
Is the head near maturity fanned (tapered) or straight (parallel) in shape?
•
When you look at the furrow at the germ end of the grain through a magnifying glass
what length is the rachilla (white, rod-shaped organ) and how long are the hairs on the rachilla
hairs?
For more advice on what differences to look for consult DAFWA Bulletin 4765 Maintaining
variety purity in the Western Australian malting barley industry by Jeff Russell and Blakely
Paynter. If visual cues are not enough then the grain will need to be tested at an accredited
laboratory for varietal purity. The most common method used to determine varietal purity is
based on mass spectrometry analysis of protein profiles in grains, but newer methods such as
DNA microsatellites and DArT technology are also available and being used.
AGWEST Plant Laboratories (agric.wa.gov.au/PC_90014.html) offers a mass spectrometry test
that compares the protein profile of a combined sample or of 30 individual seeds or of 150
Page 35 of 113
individual seeds. Those tests range from $116–635 to conduct. Higher levels of accuracy can
be obtained by analysing more seeds, but the price also increases as more seeds are done.
They also offer a DNA microsatellite test for $275.
Saturn Biotech (esvc000049.wic048u.server-web.com/index.html) at Murdoch University also
offers a mass spectrometry test that compares protein profiling. Tests range from $69 for the
pooled test to $350 for the 150 individual seed test.
Grain Growers (graingrowers.com.au) test for varietal purity using DArT technology. The cost of
the Grain Growers service is $148.50 per sample for fewer than 20 samples and $132 per
sample for more than 20 samples.
Table 10 covers information about who bred the variety, who you go to see to buy seed, how
much you will pay when you deliver the grain (end point royalties) and what the pedigree of the
variety is.
Page 36 of 113
Table 8 Agronomic characteristics of a range of barley varieties when grown in WA (source: Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills and Raj Malik)
- = no data available
Grade
Variety
Coleoptile length
Maturity with late
May sowing
Boron leaf
symptoms
Straw strength
Head retention
Plant height at
maturity
Grain plumpness
Malt
Bass
Medium
Medium
Medium
Very good
Good
Short
Good
Malt
Baudin
Medium
Late
Medium
Very good
Very good
Short
Fair
Malt
Buloke
Short
Medium
Low
Fair
Poor
Tall
Fair
Malt
Commander
Medium
Late
Medium
Fair
Fair
Medium
Moderately good
Malt
Gairdner
Medium
Late
Medium
Good
Fair
Medium
Very poor
Malt
Granger
Medium
Medium
-
Good
Good
Medium
Moderately good
Malt
Scope CL
Short
Medium
-
Fair
Poor
Tall
Fair
Malt
Vlamingh
Medium
Medium
High
Good
Good
Tall
Good
Food
Hindmarsh
Short
Early
Medium
Fair
Moderately good
Medium
Moderately good
Feed
Dash
Short
Late
Medium
Good
Very good
Short
Very poor
Feed
Fathom
Long
Medium
Medium
Fair
Moderately good
Tall
Good
Feed
Fleet
Long
Medium
Low
Fair
Fair
Medium
Good
Feed
Litmus
Short
Early
Medium
Fair
Fair
Tall
Moderately good
Feed
Lockyer
Medium
Late
Medium
Moderately good
Very good
Short
Poor
Feed
Mundah
Medium
Very early
Medium
Fair
Fair
Medium
Very good
Feed
Oxford
Medium
Late
-
Very good
Very good
Short
Very poor
Feed
Roe
Medium
Early
Medium
Moderately good
Moderately good
Medium
Very good
Page 37 of 113
Grade
Variety
Coleoptile length
Maturity with late
May sowing
Boron leaf
symptoms
Straw strength
Head retention
Plant height at
maturity
Grain plumpness
Feed
Yagan
Medium
Very early
Medium
Fair
Moderately good
Medium
Very good
Awaiting classification
Compass
Medium
Medium
-
Fair
-
Medium
Good
Awaiting classification
Flinders
Short
Late
Medium
Very good
Moderately good
Short
Moderately good
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
Short
Early
Medium
Moderately good
Moderately good
Medium
Moderately good
Coleoptile length: short (40–60mm), medium (60–80mm) and long (80–100mm).
Maturity: very early (-15 to -4 days), early (-3 to +3 days), medium (+4 to +10 days) and late (+11 to +17 days) maturity (days to awn emergence) relative to Stirling when sown in late May. Maturity ranking with a late
May sowing differs to the maturity ranking when sown in April or after mid-June.
Straw length: very short (<45 centimetres (cm)), short (45– 55cm), medium (55– 65cm) and tall (65–75cm) relative to Stirling and Buloke at sites where their straw (ground to base of ear) was between 65–75cm long.
Page 38 of 113
Table 9 Visual characteristics of a range of barley varieties when grown in WA (source: DAFWA Bulletin 4765, breeding companies and IP Australia Plant Breeders Rights database
pericles.ipaustralia.gov.au/pbr_db/search.cfm)
- = no data available
Grade
Variety
Early growth habit
Redness of flag
leaf auricle
Redness of awns
during grain fill
Awn length
Ear shape
Rachilla length
Rachilla hair
length
Malt
Bass
Prostrate
Present
Weakly present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Malt
Baudin
Prostrate
Strongly present
Present
Medium
Parallel
Short
Long
Malt
Buloke
Semi-erect
Weakly present
Absent
Medium
Tapering
Medium
Long
Malt
Commander
Erect
Absent
Absent
Very long
Tapering
Medium
Short
Malt
Gairdner
Prostrate
Present
Present
Long
Parallel
Long
Short
Malt
Granger
Prostrate
Present
Weakly present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Malt
Scope CL
Semi-erect
Weakly present
Absent
Medium
Tapering
Medium
Long
Malt
Vlamingh
Erect
Absent
Absent
Medium
Tapering
Medium
Short
Food
Hindmarsh
Erect
Present
Present
Medium
Parallel
Medium
Short
Feed
Dash
Erect
Weakly present
Weakly present
Long
Tapering
-
Long
Feed
Fathom
Erect
Weakly present
Weakly present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Feed
Fleet
Erect
Absent
Absent
Very long
Parallel
Long
Long
Feed
Litmus
Erect
Weakly present
Weakly present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Feed
Lockyer
Prostrate
Weakly present
Present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Feed
Mundah
Erect
Weakly present
Weakly present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Short
Feed
Oxford
Prostrate
Present
Present
Long
Parallel
Medium
Long
Page 39 of 113
Grade
Variety
Early growth habit
Redness of flag
leaf auricle
Redness of awns
during grain fill
Awn length
Ear shape
Rachilla length
Rachilla hair
length
Feed
Roe
Erect
Weakly present
Weakly present
Medium
Parallel
Medium
Short
Feed
Yagan
Erect
Present
Present
-
Tapering
-
Short
Awaiting classification
Compass
Erect
Present
Weakly present
Long
Tapering
Short-medium
Long
Awaiting classification
Flinders
Prostrate
Present
Present
Medium
Tapering
Medium
Long
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
Erect
Strongly present
Strongly present
Medium
Parallel
Medium
Short
Page 40 of 113
Table 10 Breeding, seed trading and end point royalty status for barley varieties when grown in WA (source: breeding companies and Variety Central varietycentral.com.au)
End point
royalty –
malt ($ per
tonne (t)
excluding
GST)
End point
royalty food or feed
($/t
excluding
GST)
Grade
Variety
Variety owner or
licensee
Year
released
Farmer to
farmer
trading
Seed licensee
Malt
Bass
InterGrain
2012
Yes
Free to trade
$3.50
$3.50 WABAR2023/Alexis
Malt
Baudin
InterGrain
2003
Yes
Free to trade
$3.00
$1.00 Stirling/Franklin
Malt
Buloke
DPI (Vic)
2008
No
SeedNet
$2.00
$2.00 Franklin/VB9104//VB9104
Malt
Commander
University of Adelaide
2008
No
SeedNet
$3.80
$3.80 Keel/Sloop//Galaxy
Malt
Gairdner
InterGrain
1997
Yes
Free to trade
$0.00
$0.00 Tas 83-537/Onslow
Malt
Granger
Nickersons
2013
No
Heritage Seeds
$2.95
$2.95 Braemar/Adonis
Malt
Scope CL
DPI (Vic)
2010
No
SeedNet
$3.50
$3.50 Franklin/VB9104//VB9104
Malt
Vlamingh
InterGrain
2006
Yes
Free to trade
$3.50
$1.50 WABAR570/TR118
Food
Hindmarsh
DPI (Vic)
2006
No
SeedNet
Not
applicable
$1.50 Dash/VB9409
Feed
Dash
Heritage Seeds
1995
No
SeedNet
Not
applicable
$1.80 Chad/Joline//Cask
Feed
Fathom
University of Adelaide
2011
No
SeedNet
Not
applicable
$2.00 JE013D-020/WI3806-1
Feed
Fleet
University of Adelaide
2006
No
SeedNet
Not
applicable
$1.50 Mundah/Keel//Barque
Feed
Litmus
InterGrain
2013
No
Syngenta
Not
applicable
$3.80 WB229/2*Baudin//WABAR2238
Page 41 of 113
Pedigree
End point
royalty –
malt ($ per
tonne (t)
excluding
GST)
End point
royalty food or feed
($/t
excluding
GST)
Grade
Variety
Variety owner or
licensee
Year
released
Farmer to
farmer
trading
Seed licensee
Feed
Lockyer
InterGrain
2007
Yes
Free to trade
Not
applicable
$1.50 Tantangara/VB9104
Feed
Mundah
InterGrain
1995
Yes
Free to trade
Not
applicable
$0.00 Yagan/O'Connor
Feed
Oxford
Nickersons
2010
No
Heritage Seeds
Not
applicable
$2.50 Tavern/Chime
Feed
Roe
InterGrain
2007
Yes
Free to trade
Not
applicable
$1.50 Doolup//Windich/Morex
Feed
Yagan
InterGrain
1989
Yes
Free to trade
Not
applicable
$0.00 unknown pedigree
Awaiting classification
Compass
University of Adelaide
2014
No
SeedNet
$3.80
$3.80 County/Commander//Commander
Awaiting classification
Flinders
InterGrain
2014
No
Syngenta
$3.80
$3.80 Baudin/Cooper
Awaiting classification
La Trobe
InterGrain
2013
Yes
Syngenta
$4.00
$4.00 Dash/VB9409
Pedigree
Growers registered with the SeedNet Authorised Grower Distribution Scheme can participate in farmer to farmer trading of Buloke, Commander and Hindmarsh.
Page 42 of 113
Figure 8 Relative screenings (%<2.5mm) of the malting varieties Buloke (r2 = 0.85), Gairdner (r2 = 0.85) and Vlamingh (r2 = 0.83) at different
screenings (%<2.5mm) achieved by the malting variety Baudin (source: data from 2004, 2006–13 DAFWA barley agronomy, 2004–08 CVT
and 2009–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 415 trial-years of data)
Baudin screenings (%<2.5mm)
Buloke
Gairdner
Vlamingh
1
+0
+1
-0
2
+1
+1
-1
5
+1
+3
-2
7
+1
+3
-3
10
+1
+4
-5
15
+0
+5
-7
20
-1
+5
-9
25
-1
+6
-11
35
-3
+5
-14
40
-4
+5
-16
50
-5
+4
-18
Page 43 of 113
Figure 9 Relative screenings (%<2.5mm) of the malting varieties Bass (r2 = 0.76), Baudin (r2 = 0.81), Buloke (r2 = 0.82), Commander (r2 =
0.75), Granger (r2 = 0.75) and Vlamingh (r2 = 0.73) at different screenings (%<2.5mm) achieved by the food variety Hindmarsh (source: data
from 2010–13 DAFWA barley agronomy and 2009–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 211 trial-years of data)
Hindmarsh screenings (%<2.5mm)
Bass
Baudin
Buloke
Commander
Granger
Vlamingh
1
-1
-0
-0
+0
-1
-1
2
-2
-1
-0
+0
-1
-1
5
-3
-0
+0
+1
-2
-3
7
-4
+0
+1
+1
-2
-3
10
-5
+2
+2
+1
-2
-4
15
-5
+5
+3
+2
-1
-4
20
-5
+9
+5
+2
+1
-4
25
-3
+12
+7
+3
+3
-3
35
+3
+18
+10
+3
+8
+1
40
+6
+20
+11
+4
+10
+2
50
+11
+22
+12
+4
+13
+6
Page 44 of 113
Figure 10 Relative screenings (%<2.5mm) of the malting varieties Bass (r2 = 0.83), Baudin (r2 = 0.80), Scope (r2 = 0.93) and Vlamingh (r2 =
0.78) and the food variety Hindmarsh (r2 = 0.80) at different screenings (%<2.5mm) achieved by the malting variety Buloke (source: data from
2009–13 DAFWA barley agronomy and 2009–13 NVT trials. Each variety is sown in all 178 trial-years of data)
Buloke screenings (%<2.5mm)
Bass
Baudin
Hindmarsh
Scope CL
Vlamingh
1
-1
-0
+0
-0
-1
2
-2
-0
+0
-0
-1
5
-3
+0
-0
-1
-3
7
-4
+0
-0
-1
-4
10
-6
+1
-1
-1
-5
15
-7
+2
-2
-2
-7
20
-8
+3
-3
-3
-8
25
-9
+4
-5
-4
-9
35
-9
+6
-7
-5
-10
40
-8
+6
-8
-6
-10
50
-6
+7
-10
-7
-9
Page 45 of 113
Herbicide tolerance
Herbicide tolerance trials conducted over the last fifteen years in WA indicate that some barley
varieties are more susceptible to damage from certain herbicides than others (Table 11). The
variation in tolerance may be due to differences in morphological or physiological characters
and/or internal ear development stages among the varieties. The level of tolerance amongst
varieties varies with the rate of herbicide, the environmental conditions when the herbicide is
applied, and the stage of the crop growth.
Seasonal variability makes it essential to test herbicide and variety interaction over several
seasons and locations. The risk of crop damage from an herbicide should be balanced against the
potential yield loss from both the weed competition and the number of weed seeds returning to the
soil seed bank. Small yield reductions due to herbicide damage in sensitive varieties may not be
easily detected at the paddock level, but over larger areas can be of great economic importance.
Since 2009, advanced breeding lines and commercial varieties have been tested for herbicide
tolerance in small plot (1.6 metres (m) x 1.5m) screening trials at Katanning. In those screenings
trials the following herbicides (which provide consistent damage to barley or are commonly used
by Western Australian barley growers) are tested at higher than label rates:
•
Axial® (pinoxadin),
•
Achieve® (tralkoxydim),
•
Affinity® + MCPA (carfentrazone-ethyl + MCPA),
•
Ally® (metsulfuron),
•
Boxer® Gold (s-metolachlor + prosulfocarb),
•
Broadside® (bromoxynil + MCPA + dicamba),
•
Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA),
•
Hoegrass® (diclofop-methyl),
•
Triflur® X (trifluralin),
•
Triflur® 400 + Lexone® (trifluralin + metribuzin),
•
Tigrex® (diflufenican + MCPA), and
•
2,4-D LVE 680 (2,4-D).
Any variety by herbicide combination that causes a significant yield reduction in the screening trial
is then further tested in larger plot (10m x 1m) advanced trials. In the advanced trials, the varieties
are assessed against label and higher than the label rates for at least two years to validate the
results and to minimise seasonal influences on the herbicide tolerance responses. In 2013, the
herbicide tolerance of barley varieties to the new herbicides Legacy® MA (diflufenican + MCPA)
and Triathlon ®(diflufenican + bromoxynil + MCPA) were tested for the first time in the advanced
trial at Katanning.
Most barley varieties have shown some sensitivity to at least one herbicide in the herbicide
tolerance trials, but no barley variety tested has yet to demonstrate consistent yield loss due to
herbicide application. Of the varieties tested, Gairdner has shown sensitivity to a greater range of
Page 46 of 113
herbicides than any other variety. Baudin, Buloke, Hindmarsh, Lockyer and Vlamingh have also
shown sensitivity to two or more herbicides at label rates.
Several of the herbicides tested have caused a yield loss in two or more varieties. Growers should
be cautious when using those products with new varieties. Sensitivity at label rates has been
noted in at least two varieties for these products:
•
Ally® (metsulfuron) at Z13-Z15,
•
Axial® (pinoxadin) at Z12-Z14,
•
Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA) at Z13-Z15,
•
Velocity® (bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole) at Z12-Z15, and
•
Wildcat® (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) at Z13-Z14.
A narrow safety margin was also noted when Boxer® Gold (s-metolachlor + prosulfocarb) was
applied at above labels rates, but not at label rates, to three barley varieties. In general, when
using pre-emergent herbicides like trifluralin, Boxer® Gold (s-metolachlor + prosulfocarb) and
Diuron + Dual® Gold (diuron + s-metolachlor) ensure the sown seed is placed below the herbicide
treated soil band; as the crop safety is mainly due to seed placement selectively. If sowing with
knife points, and using higher label rates, ensure that treated soil does not get thrown, blown or
washed into the furrows.
Phenoxy herbicides (2,4-D and MCPA) are commonly applied in barley as late post-emergence
treatments and to reduce the seed set of wild radish, wild mustard, wild turnip and lupins.
Application timing for phenoxy herbicides is more critical than for other herbicides. Barley is most
sensitive to phenoxy herbicides at the double ridge stage of ear development (the point at which
the ear first starts to form). It is critically important to correctly identify the correct crop
development stage to avoid damaging the crop when spraying with phenoxy herbicides.
Application of phenoxy herbicides during the double ridge stage usually results in distorted or
twisted heads later in the season when the heads emerge from the boot. This is normally
accompanied by some missing grains in the head and these ear head abnormalities could lead to
grain yield losses. Double ridge usually occurs when there is between 3–4 leaves on the mainstem
in varieties like La Trobe, Scope CL and Stirling and between 4–5 leaves on the mainstem in
varieties like Bass, Baudin, Compass, Flinders, Gairdner and Granger.
The best time to apply a phenoxy herbicide is to wait until at least one leaf after the double ridge
stage and before booting. Application of phenoxy herbicides between flag leaf emergence and the
soft dough stage on any barley variety can cause serious yield losses due to effects on pollen
development.
It is important to remember that herbicides are only one of the tools in which we can manage
weeds. Herbicides are only a useful tool when part of an integrated weed management plan
(IWM). An IWM plan should include an element from each of the following five tactics:
•
Tactic 1 – deplete weed seed in the target area soil seed bank
•
Tactic 2 – kill weeds (seedlings) in the target area
•
Tactic 3 – stop weed seed set
•
Tactic 4 – prevent viable weed seeds from being added to the soil seed bank
Page 47 of 113
•
Tactic 5 – prevent introduction of viable weed seed from external sources.
When using herbicides to control weeds it is important to rotate between different mode-of-action
groups to reduce weed numbers, stop replenishment of the seed bank and minimise the risk of
developing herbicide resistant weeds.
Page 48 of 113
Table 11a Tolerance of some of barley varieties (1999–13) to herbicides incorporated by seeding (IBS) or post seeding pre-emergent (PSPE) in WA (source: Harmohinder Dhammu)
- = No herbicide tolerance data
OK = No significant yield reduction at label recommended rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials conducted.
N = Narrow safety margin. Significant yield reduction at higher than label recommended rate, but not at recommended label rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred
out of the total number of trials conducted.
Vlamingh
Roe
Oxford
Mundah
Lockyer
La Trobe
Hindmarsh
Granger
Gairdner
Fleet
Fathom
Commander
Buloke
Baudin
Bass
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Timing
YL = Percentage yield reduction at recommended label rate in 1 trial. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred out of the total number of trials conducted.
Avadex® BW 2L (tri-allate)
IBS
–
OK (4)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (2)
Boxer® Gold 2.5L (s-metolachlor + prosulfocarb)
IBS
N
(1/3)
N
(1/3)
N
(1/2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
OK (3)
–
OK (1)
OK (3)
OK (2)
Boxer® Gold 2.5L + Lexone® 150g (s-metolachlor +
prosulfocarb) + (metribuzin)
IBS
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
Dual® Gold 0.5L (s-metolachlor)
IBS
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
Diuron 1L+ Dual® Gold 0.5L (diuron + s-metolachlor)
IBS
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
Logran® 35g (triasulfuron)
IBS
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Stomp® 330 1.8L (pendimethalin)
IBS
–
OK (5)
OK (1)
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
OK (4)
Page 49 of 113
Vlamingh
Roe
Oxford
Mundah
Lockyer
La Trobe
Hindmarsh
Granger
Gairdner
Fleet
Fathom
Commander
Buloke
Baudin
Bass
Timing
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Treflan® 1L (trifluralin)
IBS
–
OK (4)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (2)
Triflur® X 3L (trifluralin)
IBS
OK (1)
OK (2)
OK (2)
OK (1)
OK (2)
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
OK (2)
–
OK (1)
OK (2)
OK (1)
Triflur® X 1L + Lexone® 150g (trifluralin + metribuzin)
IBS
–
OK (4)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (4)
Yield® 250 EC 2L (oryzalin + trifluralin)
IBS
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Diuron 1L + Dual® Gold 0.25L (diuron + s-metolachlor)
PSPE
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (2)
Diuron 1L + Dual® Gold 0.5L (diuron + s-metolachlor)
PSPE
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Page 50 of 113
Table 11b Tolerance of some of barley varieties (1999–13) to herbicides applied between 2–5 leaf stage in WA (source: Harmohinder Dhammu)
- = No herbicide tolerance data.
OK = No significant yield reduction at label recommended rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials conducted.
N = Narrow safety margin. Significant yield reduction at higher than label recommended rate, but not at recommended label rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred
out of the total number of trials conducted.
Vlamingh
YL 17
(1/1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
YL 20
(1/2)
Velocity® 0.67L (bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole)
Z12-Z15
OK (1)
OK (4)
YL 16
(1/4)
YL 14
(1/2)
–
–
OK (2)
–
N
(1/4)
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
Achieve® 380g (tralkoxydim)
Z13-Z15
–
OK (5)
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
OK (1)
YL 21
(1/1)
OK (1)
OK (2)
OK (1)
OK (3)
Achieve® 380g + Tigrex® 0.8L (tralkoxydim) +
(diflufenican + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
OK (2)
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Affinity® 50g + MCPA 0.5L (carfentrazone-ethyl +
MCPA)
Z13-Z15
OK (1)
OK (6)
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
YL 14
(1/1)
–
OK (2)
–
OK (3)
–
OK (1)
OK (3)
OK (4)
Affinity Force® 100mL + MCPA 0.5L (carfentrazoneethyl + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
Ally® 5g (metsulfuron)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (4)
–
–
–
–
YL 13
(1/2)
–
–
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
YL 20
(1/4)
Oxford
Lockyer
Granger
Bass
Fleet
Page 51 of 113
Mundah
OK (1)
La Trobe
Roe
Hindmarsh
–
Gairdner
Z12-Z14
Fathom
Buloke
Axial® 300mL (pinoxadin)
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Timing
Baudin
Commander
YL = Percentage yield reduction at recommended label rate in 1 trial. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred out of the total number of trials conducted.
Commander
Hindmarsh
La Trobe
Lockyer
Oxford
Roe
OK (2)
OK (1)
N
(1/2)
–
–
–
OK (3)
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
Barrel® / Broadside® 1L (bromoxynil + MCPA +
dicamba)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (4)
–
–
OK (1)
N
(1/2)
YL 12
(1/2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
Buctril® MA 1L (bromoxynil + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Buctril® MA 1.4L (bromoxynil + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (2)
Cheetah® Gold 1L (diclofop + sethoxydim +
fenoxaprop)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (2)
Decision® 1L (diclofop + sethoxydim)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Diuron 0.35L + MCPA 0.4L (diuron + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
–
–
YL 4
(1/1)
–
YL 16
(1/2)
OK (1)
YL 9
(1/1)
YL 8
(1/1)
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Diuron 0.4L + MCPA 0.5L (diuron + MCPA)
Z14-Z15
OK (1)
OK (2)
YL 17
(1/2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
Diuron 0.5L + 2,4-D (amine) 0.25L (diuron + 2,4-D)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Eclipse® 5g + MCPA LVE 0.5L (metosulam + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
YL 16
(1/3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (2)
Flight® EC 720mL (picolinafen + bromoxynil + MCPA
ester)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (3)
OK (3)
OK (1)
–
–
OK (2)
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Granger
Fleet
Page 52 of 113
Vlamingh
Buloke
OK (2)
Mundah
Baudin
OK (1)
Gairdner
Bass
Z13-Z15
Fathom
Timing
Ally® 7g (metsulfuron)
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Vlamingh
Roe
Oxford
Mundah
Lockyer
La Trobe
Hindmarsh
Granger
Gairdner
Fleet
Fathom
Commander
Buloke
Baudin
Bass
Timing
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Glean® 12.5g (chlorsulfuron)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (3)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Glean® 20g (chlorsulfuron)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (2)
Glean® 3g +Ally® 3g + MCPA 0.3L (chlorsulfuron +
metsulfuron + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Hoegrass® 375 1L (diclofop-methyl)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Hoegrass® 375 1.5L (diclofop-methyl)
Z13-Z15
N
(1/3)
OK (6)
OK (2)
OK (1)
OK (2)
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
N
(1/1)
YL 13
(1/3)
–
OK (2)
OK (3)
OK (4)
Hoegrass® 200ml + Achieve® 200g (diclofop-methyl +
tralkoxydim)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (4)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (4)
Jaguar® 1L (bromoxynil + diflufenican)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (4)
OK (1)
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
OK (4)
Legacy® MA (diflufenican + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
YL 6
(1/1)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Paragon® 0.375L (picolinafen + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
YL 13
(1/4)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Tigrex® 0.75L (diflufenican + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Tigrex® 1L (diflufenican + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
OK (1)
YL 16
(1/3)
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
OK (3)
OK (1)
OK (2)
OK (3)
OK (2)
Page 53 of 113
Vlamingh
Roe
Oxford
Mundah
Lockyer
La Trobe
Hindmarsh
Granger
Gairdner
Fleet
Fathom
Commander
Buloke
Baudin
Bass
Timing
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Topik® 240 EC 0.14L (clodinafop)
Z13-Z14
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Triathlon® (diflufenican + bromoxynil + MCPA)
Z13-Z15
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
YL 7
(1/1)
–
–
–
–
–
–
Tristar® 1.5L (diclofop + fenoxaprop)
Z12-Z14
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Tristar® 1.5L + Tigrex® 0.8L (diclofop + fenoxaprop) +
(diflufenican + MCPA)
Z13-Z14
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
Wildcat® 0.5L (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)
Z13-Z14
–
–
–
–
–
–
YL 9
(1/1)
–
–
–
–
YL 15
(1/1)
–
–
–
Precept®300 1L (pyrasulfotole + MCPA ester)
Z14-Z15
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
Page 54 of 113
Table 11c Tolerance of some of barley varieties (1999–13) to herbicides applied from five leaf stage in WA (source: Harmohinder Dhammu)
- = No herbicide tolerance data.
OK = No significant yield reduction at label recommended rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials conducted.
N = Narrow safety margin. Significant yield reduction at higher than label recommended rate, but not at recommended label rate. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred
out of the total number of trials conducted.
Roe
Vlamingh
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
MCPA (amine) 500 1.25L (MCPA)
Z15-Z16
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
MCPA (amine) 500 2L (MCPA)
Z15-Z16
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (3)
–
–
OK (3)
OK (2)
2,4-D Amine 500 1L (2,4-D)
Z15-Z16
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (2)
2,4-D Amine 625 1.3L (2,4-D)
Z15-Z16
OK
(1)
OK (2)
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
YL 14
(1/3)
–
OK (1)
OK (3)
OK (2)
2,4-D Ester 800 0.5L (2,4-D)
Z15-Z16
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
–
2,4-D Ester 800 0.7L (2,4-D)
Z15-Z16
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
OK (3)
Oxford
Lockyer
Granger
Bass
Fleet
Page 55 of 113
Mundah
OK (1)
La Trobe
–
Gairdner
Z15-Z16
Fathom
Buloke
Paragon® 0.5L (picolinafen + MCPA)
Timing
Baudin
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Hindmarsh
Commander
YL = Percentage yield reduction at recommended label rate in 1 trial. Parentheses highlight the number of trials where a significant yield reduction occurred out of the total number of trials conducted.
Vlamingh
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
Kamba® 500 0.28L (dicamba)
Z21+
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OK (2)
Kamba® 500 0.4L (dicamba)
Z21+
–
OK (1)
OK (1)
–
–
–
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
OK (2)
OK (1)
2,4-D Amine 700 1.5L (2,4-D)
Z31
–
OK (2)
OK (2)
OK (1)
–
–
OK (1)
–
OK (2)
–
–
–
–
–
N (1/1)
Oxford
Lockyer
Granger
Bass
Fleet
Page 56 of 113
Mundah
OK (1)
La Trobe
–
Gairdner
Z15-Z16
Fathom
Roe
Hindmarsh
Commander
Buloke
2,4-D LV Ester 680 xtra 0.8L (2,4-D)
Timing
Baudin
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
Table 11d For each variety, location of herbicide tolerance testing sites and years evaluated (source: Harmohinder Dhammu)
Bass
Baudin
Buloke
Commander
Fathom
Fleet
Gairdner
Granger
Hindmarsh
La Trobe
Lockyer
Mundah
Oxford
Roe
Year of testing
2001, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009,
2010, 2011, 2012
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
2009, 2012, 2013
2012, 2013
2012, 2013
1999, 2000, 2010, 2011
2013
2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012,
2013
2013
2006, 2007, 2008
1999
2009, 2012
2006, 2007, 2008
2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011
Sites
B
AB
B
B
B
B
BC
B
B
B
B
C
B
B
AB
Note: Higher than the label herbicide rates to work out crop safety margins (N) were used in some trials and/or for some products only.
Page 57 of 113
Vlamingh
Herbicide used and rate applied/ha
2009, 2011, 2013
A = Avondale (loamy duplex, pH 5.0), B = Katanning (sandy duplex or gravelly duplex or sandy loam, pH 4.5-5.3) and C = Newdegate (sandy duplex, pH 4.1).
Barley variety descriptions
Growers are moving away from growing Baudin, Buloke, Gairdner and Vlamingh (Figure 1) into
Hindmarsh and increasingly to Bass and Scope CL. Other options growers are considering include
the malting varieties Commander and Granger and the feed varieties Dash, Fathom, Litmus,
Lockyer and Oxford. Future options include Compass, Flinders and La Trobe. Each of the
established, new and future varieties has agronomic (yield, quality, disease, agronomy) strengths
and weaknesses that need to be carefully weighed against demand signals from the market
(Tables 1 and 2), pricing of malting varieties, pricing of the food variety Hindmarsh and the location
of receival sites.
There is greater market demand for some varieties in some port zones and lesser demand in other
port zones. That demand will influence the choice of variety that is sown regionally. No one variety
matches all the different farming systems in which barley is grown or the brewing and shochu
markets we service. Use the market and agronomic information presented in Tables 1– 11 and
Figures 3–10 to assist with decisions on what variety to grow. To make it easier to review the
attributes of each barley variety, varietal descriptions in this year’s technical bulletin have changed
from text summaries to a tabulated format. Varieties with a malting or food classification are
described first, then the feed varieties, followed by those varieties still awaiting a classification
from Barley Australia.
In less than 3t/ha environments the best alternatives to Hindmarsh include:
1)
Compass. Compass will be new to the market in 2015 and available for sowing as a feed
barley. An outcome from Barley Australia’s malting and brewing accreditation trials is expected in
2016. Compass has a similar grain yield to Hindmarsh across all Agzones. Whilst a direct
comparison against Hindmarsh at different levels of yield has not been undertaken, it is expected
that Compass will be competitive with Hindmarsh in lower yielding environments. Based on limited
data the grain quality of Compass looks good, being equal to or better than Hindmarsh. For the
stubble borne diseases, Compass and Hindmarsh are similar but different depending on what
disease and what growth stage.
2)
Fathom. Fathom is very similar to Hindmarsh in the less than 3t/ha environments (Figure 3)
and is a better alternative than Mundah and Roe. Fathom should be considered where a longer
coleoptile is advantageous (i.e. deep seeding into moisture) (Table 8). Fathom is also later to
flower than Hindmarsh and may be better suited to earlier sowing opportunities. Fathom’s
advantage of having the best available adult resistance to STNB is offset by it being susceptible to
both pathotypes of NTNB (Tables 5 and 6). Growers need to be aware of which net blotch their
stubble is carrying, based on whether STNB or NTNB was present in the previous barley crop, to
determine if Fathom will be useful in the rotation. Weed competition data from eastern Australia
suggests that Fathom is more competitive against oats than Hindmarsh.
3)
La Trobe. La Trobe (tested as IGB1101) is from the same cross as Hindmarsh. It is almost
identical in its agronomic performance and agronomic traits to Hindmarsh in WA (Tables 3, 5–10).
La Trobe is undergoing stage two of the Barley Australia accreditation process in 2014. In 2014 a
limited volume of seed was released, focusing on the Kwinana Port Zone. The bulk of the La
Trobe grown in 2014 will be used for seed for the 2015 season. Small volumes of La Trobe will be
accumulated in the Kwinana port zone at the 2014/15 harvest. If accreditation does occur, 2015
should primarily be seen as a seed bulk-up year. As with any newly accredited malting variety,
growers should sow them with the intention of delivering them as feed barley until there are clearer
segregation, pricing and market demand signals.
4)
Litmus. Litmus is the best available barley for sowing on soils with an acidic profile. Why?
Litmus carries the Alt1 gene which allows its roots to excrete citrate reducing the toxicity of Al in
Page 58 of 113
the soil. On acidic soils this results in increased grain yield relative to traditional barley varieties
(Table 4) and a similar yield to wheat varieties like Calingiri and Wyalkatchem. Unfortunately
Litmus grains can display a blue aleurone, as detected in Henley, which affects its ability to be
delivered against current GTA and GIWA barley receival standards. For the 2014/15 harvest CBH
will accept Litmus at selected feed barley stacks in all port zones, with no penalty if blue aleurone
levels exceed the receival limit of one in 100 grains. After the 2014/15 harvest there is no intention
for Litmus to be received by CBH in the Kwinana, Albany and Esperance Port Zones. In the
Geraldton port zone, however, InterGrain and Syngenta are working with international parties to
develop options to continue the production and receival of Litmus in the Geraldton port zone in
2015 onwards. Litmus growers should talk the breeder for the latest update on the future of Litmus
as a commercial variety.
5)
Scope CL. Whilst Scope CL is slightly lower yielding than Hindmarsh in the less than 3t/ha
environments (Figure 7), growers will sow it instead of Hindmarsh where brome and barley grass
are a problem, where they have used a Clearfield® herbicide in the previous crop or over summer
or if they want to sow early into a non-Clearfield® wheat stubble. Growers should follow the label
when applying herbicides to Scope CL barley and should not apply any off-label imidazolinone
herbicides. The only imidazolinone herbicide registered for use with Scope CL barley is Intervix®
(imazapyr/imazamox). Scope CL is later to flower than Hindmarsh and may be better suited to
earlier sowing opportunities. As with Buloke, timely harvesting is required to minimise the risk of
head loss at maturity.
In more than 3t/ha environments, the best feed barley alternatives to Hindmarsh include:
1)
Compass. Whilst Compass is undergoing accreditation to assess its suitability for malting
and brewing (outcome due in 2016), Compass will be available for sowing as a feed barley in
2015. NVT MET analysis suggests that Compass is equal to Hindmarsh for grain yield in WA, but
in eastern Australia Compass is generally higher yielding than Hindmarsh. In higher rainfall
environments Compass and Hindmarsh have a similar level of resistance to powdery mildew and
are both susceptible to barley leaf rust when pathotype 5457 P- is present. Straw strength may be
an issue in high yielding environments.
2)
Dash. Dash is higher yielding above 4t/ha and has a better overall disease resistance
package than Hindmarsh including scald, adult resistance to NTNB, barley leaf rust and barley
yellow dwarf (Tables 5–7). Dash flowers two weeks later than Hindmarsh with late April sowing.
3)
Lockyer. Lockyer is higher yielding than Hindmarsh above 4t/ha (Figures 3 and 4), but not
as good as Dash or Oxford in very high yielding situations. Lockyer is however more stable than
Dash and Lockyer with delayed sowing. The leaf disease resistance of Lockyer is comparable with
Hindmarsh, except Lockyer is better where Beecher avirulent NTNB is present (Tables 5 and 6).
Lockyer flowers two weeks later than Hindmarsh with late April sowing.
4)
Oxford. Oxford is best suited to environments with a yield potential above 4t/ha (Figure 4).
Oxford has a very high yield potential when sown early (late April and early May), but its potential
drops rapidly as seeding is delayed into late May and even later. Oxford flowers nearly two weeks
later than Hindmarsh with late April sowing. In high disease risk environments, Oxford is superior
to Hindmarsh for straw strength and head retention, NTNB, powdery mildew, barley leaf rust and
barley yellow dwarf virus (Tables 5–8).
In more than 3t/ha environments the malting barley alternatives to Hindmarsh include:
1)
Bass. Bass is generally lower yielding than Hindmarsh (Table 3, Figures 6 and 7). If a
realised malt premium of at least $20/t can be achieved, Bass is likely to equal or the better
profitability of Hindmarsh in environments with a potential above 3.4t/ha. Both varieties have a
similar disease resistance profile (with Hindmarsh better for powdery mildew), except Bass will
have a higher probability of receival as Malt1 than Hindmarsh for receival as BFOD1 due its
Page 59 of 113
plumper grain (Figures 9 and 10) and slightly brighter kernels. Bass is now at risk of barley leaf
rust.
2)
Buloke. Buloke is generally lower yielding than Hindmarsh (Table 3, Figures 6 and 7). If a
realised malt premium of at least $20/t can be achieved, Buloke is likely to equal or better the
profitability of Hindmarsh in environments with a potential above 3t/ha. Buloke’s grain has a lower
probability of being received as Malt1 (due to more screenings, Figures 9 and 10, and a lower
hectolitre (hL) weight) than Hindmarsh being received as BFOD1. It also has poorer straw strength
and is at a much higher risk of head loss. Buloke has better resistance to NTNB and STNB than
Hindmarsh but is not as good for scald (Tables 5 and 6).
3)
Commander. Commander’s main weakness in the above 3t/ha environments is straw
strength, even though it can out yield Hindmarsh in the above 5t/ha environments (Figure 6). If a
realised malt premium of at least $20/t can be achieved, Commander is likely to equal or the better
profitability of Hindmarsh in environments with a potential above 3t/ha. Commander is close to but
not quite as plump as Hindmarsh (Figure 9). Disease resistance is comparable with Hindmarsh,
but Commander is poorer for scald and net type net blotch. Like Hindmarsh, barley leaf rust is a
risk to manage.
4)
Granger. Granger is very competitive with Hindmarsh in high rainfall areas (Figure 7) and
has the highest yield potential of the current malting varieties. Its advantage over Hindmarsh
includes durable powdery mildew resistance (due to mlo gene), adult plant resistance to barley
leaf rust (due to Rph20 gene), improved resistance to Beecher avirulent NTNB and improved
barley yellow dwarf resistance, although it is more susceptible to scald (Tables 5–7). Grain
plumpness of Granger is an improvement over Baudin and Buloke, but not as good as Bass or
Vlamingh (Figure 9). Grain plumpness is similar to Hindmarsh. Granger has a good hectolitre
weight, but grain brightness may be an issue in some seasons.
5)
Scope CL. Scope CL performs almost identically to Buloke (Tables 5–9 and Figures 7 and
10). Aside from the herbicide advantages of Scope CL relative to Hindmarsh, it has better
resistance to NTNB and powdery mildew, but it is poorer for straw strength and head retention
than Hindmarsh (Tables 5, 6 and 8). Relative to Buloke, Scope is slightly plumper (Figure 10) and
tolerant of the Clearfield® herbicide Intervix®. As with Buloke head loss may be an issue in some
seasons.
Page 60 of 113
Bass
Malting variety
Comments






Bass is a semi-dwarf malting barley acceptable for export as grain and is being assessed
for export as malt
reaches awn peep 10–12 days earlier than Baudin with late April planting and 4–6 days
earlier when sown in late May
competitive with Buloke for grain yield, higher yielding than Baudin and as good as
Hindmarsh in environments with a yield potential above 5t/ha
better resistance to scald and powdery mildew than Baudin
it is susceptible to barley leaf rust when the new pathotype 5457 P- is present, but resistant
if pathotype 5453 P- is present
Bass is expected to have a higher probability of malting than Baudin as its grain plumpness
and hectolitre weight is superior (being similar to Vlamingh).
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
106%
99%
Agzone 2
94%
84%
Agzone 3
98%
91%
Agzone 4
91%
85%
Agzone 5
96%
84%
Agzone 6
105%
94%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MR
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
S
MSS
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
MS
MS
Leaf rust
R/S
MR/S
BYD and CYD
MR
MR
RLN (P. neglectus)
MSSp
MSSp
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
Page 61 of 113
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-1 to +1
-8 to -6
late May
+6 to +8
-2 to 0
early July
+8 to +10
0 to +2
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Short
Straw strength
Very good
Head retention
Good
Herbicide tolerance
Has shown no sensitivity to label rates of a limited number of herbicides evaluated in herbicide
tolerance trials conducted in Western Australia.
Variety information
Pedigree
WABAR2023/Alexis
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST) $3.50
Page 62 of 113
Baudin
Malting variety
Comments





Baudin is a semi-dwarf malting barley that is preferred for export as grain, as malt and as a
shochu barley
Baudin is regarded as the premium Malting variety for the Chinese, south-east Asian and
Japanese brewing markets
despite strong market demand, production of Baudin is declining
firstly because it is no longer yield competitive with the newer malting and food varieties
secondly because it is very susceptible to powdery mildew and barley leaf rust and
susceptible to scald and all forms of net blotch
when growing Baudin an integrated disease management plan needs to be implemented
grain plumpness of Baudin is similar to Buloke but inferior to Bass and Vlamingh.

Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
92%
86%
Agzone 2
92%
83%
Agzone 3
84%
78%
Agzone 4
90%
83%
Agzone 5
94%
83%
Agzone 6
92%
83%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MSS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
S
S
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
VS
VS
Leaf rust
SVS
SVS
BYD and CYD
MR
MR
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MSSp
MSSp
Page 63 of 113
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+10 to +12
+3 to +5
late May
+10 to +12
+2 to +4
early July
+4 to +5
-3 to -1
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Short
Straw strength
Very good
Head retention
Very good
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to label rate applications of Paragon® (picolinafen + MCPA) and Tigrex® (diflufenican +
MCPA) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Stirling/Franklin
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.50 – delivered as malt and $1.00 – delivered as feed
Page 64 of 113
Buloke
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Buloke is a tall malting barley acceptable for export as grain and as malt
Buloke is no longer the highest yielding malting variety
the new malting varieties Commander, Granger and Scope CL are equal to or higher yielding
than Buloke
Buloke’s probability of malting is similar to Baudin (due to similarities in their grain plumpness)
but lower than Bass and Vlamingh
its hectolitre weight is between that of Baudin and Vlamingh, but its grain is 0.5–1.5 Minolta ‘L*’
units darker than Baudin grain
despite having a similar grain width, Buloke grains are 2–6 milligrams (mg) heavier than Baudin
grains
lodging and head loss are two risks before harvest.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
%Baudin
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
109%
93%
Agzone 2
108%
90%
Agzone 3
119%
93%
Agzone 4
111%
93%
Agzone 5
106%
88%
Agzone 6
108%
90%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MRMSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
MRMS
MS
Powdery mildew
MR
MR
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRMSp
MRMSp
Page 65 of 113
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
CCN
S
S
Page 66 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Baudin
late April
+7 to +9
-5 to -3
late May
+7 to +9
-4 to -2
early July
+7 to +9
+1 to +3
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Short
Plant height
Tall
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Poor
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to a label rate application of Axial® (pinoxadin) sprayed at Z12-Z14; Diuron + MCPA
amine (diuron + MCPA) sprayed at Z14-Z15; and Velocity® (bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole) sprayed at Z12-15.
Variety information
Pedigree
Franklin/VB9104//VB9104
Breeder or licensee
DPI (Vic)
Access to seed
SeedNet Authorised Growers
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$2.00
Page 67 of 113
Commander
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
Commander is a tall malting barley that is acceptable for export as grain and as malt
there is demand for Commander from the domestic market to export as malt as a
replacement/substitute for Gairdner and Vlamingh
Commander is equal to or higher yielding than Buloke, except in Agzone 4 and superior to
Buloke in environments with a yield potential above 3.5t/ha
straw strength may be an issue in high yielding environments
Commander is expected to have a slightly higher probability of malting than Baudin as its grain
is slightly plumper, but with a slightly lower hectolitre weight
Commander has good resistance to powdery mildew, but is at risk of scald, NTNB, STNB and
barley leaf rust.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
103%
96%
Agzone 2
97%
87%
Agzone 3
95%
89%
Agzone 4
95%
88%
Agzone 5
97%
86%
Agzone 6
104%
93%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MSS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
S
S
STNB
S
MSS
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MR
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MRMSp
MRMSp
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
Page 68 of 113
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
CCN
R
R
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+8 to +10
0 to +2
late May
+11 to +13
+3 to +4
early July
+5 to +7
-3 to -1
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been tested against a small number of herbicides in WA. May be sensitive to a label rate
application of Velocity® (bromoxynil + pyrasulfotole) sprayed at Z12-15.
Variety information
Pedigree
Keel/Sloop//Galaxy
Breeder or licensee
University of Adelaide
Access to seed
SeedNet Authorised Growers
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.80
Page 69 of 113
Gairdner
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gairdner is a semi-dwarf malting variety acceptable for export as grain and as malt
production of Gairdner is on the decline to varieties with superior grain yield, disease resistance
and grain quality
Gairdner has the lowest probability of meeting malt barley receival specifications due to its
narrow grain shape
it is susceptible to STNB, powdery mildew (very susceptible as a seedling) and barley leaf rust
when growing Gairdner an integrated disease management plan needs to be implemented
like Buloke there is a risk of head loss before harvest.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
87%
81%
Agzone 2
95%
86%
Agzone 3
90%
84%
Agzone 4
90%
84%
Agzone 5
97%
85%
Agzone 6
93%
83%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
VS
S
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MR
MR
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
CCN
S
S
Page 70 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+7 to +9
0 to +2
late May
+12 to +14
+3 to +5
early July
+12 to +14
+4 to +6
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Good
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to label rate applications of Affinity® + MCPA amine (carfentrazone-ethyl + MCPA), Ally®
(metsulfuron), Barrel® or Broadside® (bromoxynil + MCPA + dicamba), Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA)
and Wildcat® (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Tas 83-537/Onslow
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
No EPR payable
Page 71 of 113
Granger
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
Granger is a semi-dwarf malting variety being assessed for export as grain but not as malt
Granger, like Commander, is equal to or superior than Buloke for grain yield, especially in
environments with a yield potential above 3.5t/ha
Granger is superior yielding to Hindmarsh in environments with a yield potential above 4.5t/ha
Granger's probability of malting is expected to be superior to Baudin, having better grain
plumpness and hectolitre weight, but not as good as Vlamingh
excellent resistance to powdery mildew (mlo resistance) and barley leaf rust (due to adult plant
resistance, Rph20)
to reduce scald and STNB risk, avoid sowing Granger into paddocks where one or two year old
barley stubble is present.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
105%
94%
Agzone 3
102%
95%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
101%
89%
Agzone 6
112%
100%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
S
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
MS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MSp
MRMS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
R
R
Leaf rust
R#
RMR
BYD and CYD
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MRMSp
MRMSp
Page 72 of 113
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+4 to +6
-3 to -1
late May
+8 to +10
-1 to +1
early July
+10 to +12
+1 to +3
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Good
Head retention
Good
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been tested against a limited number of herbicides in WA.
Variety information
Pedigree
Braemar/Adonis
Breeder or licensee
Nickersons
Access to seed
Heritage Seeds
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$2.95
Page 73 of 113
Scope CL
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
Scope CL is a tall malting variety being assessed for export as grain and as malt
Scope CL is derived from Buloke through mutation and its agronomic response (grain yield,
disease, grain quality, phenology, lodging, head loss and agronomic traits) is almost identical to
Buloke
Scope CL is tolerant of the imidazolinone chemistry herbicide Intervix®, allowing Scope CL to be
sown in rotations with other Clearfield® crops, where brome and barley grass are a problem or
when sowing into non-Clearfield® wheat stubbles
whilst there are agronomic similarities between Scope CL and Buloke, Barley Australia and CBH
have advised that there will be no co-binning of malt grade Scope CL and Buloke.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
100%
94%
Agzone 2
101%
91%
Agzone 3
100%
93%
Agzone 4
101%
93%
Agzone 5
99%
87%
Agzone 6
100%
90%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MR
MRMSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
MS
S
Powdery mildew
R
R
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MRp
MRp
RLN (P. neglectus)
MSSp
MSSp
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
CCN
S
S
Page 74 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+4 to +6
-3 to -1
late May
+8 to +10
-1 to +1
early July
+10 to +12
+1 to +3
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length Short
Plant height
Tall
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Poor
Herbicide tolerance
Data from herbicide tolerance trials in WA is not yet available.
Variety information
Pedigree
Franklin/VB9104//VB9104
Breeder or licensee
DPI (Vic)
Access to seed
SeedNet
EPR ($/t, excluding GST) $3.50
Page 75 of 113
Vlamingh
Malting variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
Vlamingh is a tall malting barley that is acceptable when exported as malt, but with limited
demand for export as grain
Vlamingh will continue to be received as a malting variety until the supply of Commander or
equivalent varieties meet market demand
Vlamingh has a similar grain yield to Buloke in all Agzones, but has a higher probability of
malting than both Baudin and Buloke due to its superior grain plumpness and very good
hectolitre weight
it is susceptible to STNB, powdery mildew and barley leaf rust, but has good resistance to scald
and NTNB
has better straw strength than Buloke and Commander and a low risk of head loss.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
102%
95%
Agzone 2
100%
90%
Agzone 3
96%
89%
Agzone 4
94%
87%
Agzone 5
98%
86%
Agzone 6
102%
91%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MR
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MR
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MR
MRMS
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
S
S
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MS
MS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
CCN
S
S
Page 76 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+7 to +9
-1 to +1
late May
+6 to +8
-2 to 0
early July
+6 to +8
-1 to +1
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Tall
Straw strength
Good
Head retention
Good
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to label rate applications of Ally® (metsulfuron) and Axial® (pinoxadin) sprayed at Z13Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
WABAR570/TR118
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.50 delivered as malt and $1.00 delivered as feed
Page 77 of 113
Hindmarsh
Food variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hindmarsh is semi-dwarf food variety that is segregated (BFOD1) and exported to mid-range
malt markets in China and exported to Japan for shochu production
alongside Fathom, Lockyer and Oxford, Hindmarsh is one of highest yielding varieties in WA
it is higher yielding than all malting varieties in environments with a yield potential below 3t/ha
Hindmarsh's probability of being received as BFOD1 is expected to be superior to that of Baudin
for malt, having better grain plumpness and hectolitre weight, but not as good as Vlamingh for
malting
grain brightness may be an issue in coastal regions
has good resistance to powdery mildew but is susceptible to STNB and barley leaf rust.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Baudin
Agzone 1
107%
116%
Agzone 2
111%
120%
Agzone 3
107%
128%
Agzone 4
108%
120%
Agzone 5
114%
121%
Agzone 6
111%
121%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
R
R
Page 78 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-4 to -2
-12 to -10
late May
0 to +2
-8 to -6
early July
+1 to +3
-7 to -5
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Short
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to label rate applications of Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA) and Legacy® (diflufenican +
MCPA) sprayed at Z13-Z14 and Triathlon® (diflufenican + bromoxynil + MCPA) sprayed at Z13-Z15.
Variety information
Pedigree
Dash/VB9409
Breeder or licensee
DPI (Vic)
Access to seed
SeedNet Authorised Growers
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$1.50
Page 79 of 113
Dash
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
High yielding, semi-dwarf feed variety highly resistant to scald, powdery mildew and barley leaf
rust best suited to Agzones 3 and 6
has good resistance to NTNB but is susceptible to STNB
Dash is higher yielding than Hindmarsh in environments with a yield potential above 4t/ha
an erectoidies variety that can produce small grain
Dash can be expected to show a small percentage of red awned and taller off types
it has a short coleoptile and caution is urged with deep seeding
may be useful in rotations where root lesion nematodes and cereal cyst nematodes are a
problem.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
-
-
Agzone 3
102%
95%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
108%
95%
Agzone 6
-
-
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
R
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
R
R
Leaf rust
MSp
R
BYD and CYD
MRMSp
MRMSp
RLN (P. neglectus)
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
R
R
Page 80 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+9 to +11
+2 to +4
late May
+11 to +13
+2 to +4
early July
+12 to +14
+6 to +7
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Short
Plant height
Short
Straw strength
Good
Head retention
Very good
Herbicide tolerance
Showed no sensitivity to a limited number of herbicides evaluated in herbicides tolerance trials during 2009
in WA.
Variety information
Pedigree
Chad/Joline//Cask
Breeder or licensee
Heritage Seeds
Access to seed
SeedNet
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$1.80
Page 81 of 113
Fathom
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New (tested as WI4483) longer coleoptile, tall feed barley
similar grain yield to Hindmarsh in NVT trials, but slightly below in a side-by-side analysis of
NVT + DAFWA barley agronomy trials
Fathom has the highest level of resistance to STNB of current varieties but is susceptible to
NTNB
has good resistance to scald and powdery mildew but is susceptible to barley leaf rust
Fathom is mixed for its head colour, having green and waxy green heads
when needing to sow into moisture at depth Fathom is better suited than Hindmarsh as it has a
longer coleoptile than Hindmarsh
weed competition data from eastern Australia suggests it is more competitive against oats than
Hindmarsh.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
104%
93%
Agzone 3
104%
97%
Agzone 4
107%
99%
Agzone 5
110%
96%
Agzone 6
109%
98%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MR
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
S
MSS
STNB
MR
MRMS
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MRp
MRp
RLN (P. neglectus)
-
-
RLN (P. teres)
-
-
CCN
R
R
Page 82 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+6 to +8
-2 to 0
late May
+3 to +5
-5 to -3
early July
+3 to +5
-6 to -4
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Plant height
Long
Tall
Straw strength Fair
Head retention
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been tested against a limited number of herbicides in WA. May be sensitive to a label rate
application of Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
JE013D-020/WI3806-1
Breeder or licensee
University of Adelaide
Access to seed
SeedNet
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$2.00
Page 83 of 113
Fleet
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
CCN resistant feed variety with good overall disease resistance and a maturity similar to Buloke
and Vlamingh
grain yield is between Buloke and Hindmarsh and generally below Fathom and Lockyer
the hectolitre weight of Fleet is 2–3 kilograms per hectolitre (kg/hL) lighter than Hindmarsh and
Lockyer and up to 1kg/hL lighter than Mundah
It is susceptible to lodging and head loss with early planting
Fleet has a long coleoptile (so can be planted deep) and is suited to both sandy and clayey soils
may be useful in rotations where root lesion nematodes and cereal cyst nematodes are a
problem.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
109%
102%
Agzone 2
102%
92%
Agzone 3
102%
95%
Agzone 4
102%
95%
Agzone 5
106%
93%
Agzone 6
104%
93%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MSp
MRMSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MR
STNB
MR
MS
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
MRMS
BYD and CYD
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. teres)
MRMSp
MRMSp
CCN
R
R
Page 84 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+3 to +5
-4 to -2
late May
+5 to +7
-3 to -1
early July
+3 to +5
-5 to -3
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Long
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been evaluated against Barrel® / Broadside® (bromoxynil + MCPA + dicamba) sprayed at Z13Z14 and showed no sensitivity at label rates. The impact of other herbicides is unknown.
Variety information
Pedigree
Mundah/Keel//Barque
Breeder or licensee
University of Adelaide
Access to seed
SeedNet
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$1.50
Page 85 of 113
Litmus
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
New (tested as WABAR2625) medium height feed barley with improved tolerance to low soil pH
and high soil Al
carries Alt1 gene which allows its roots to excrete citrate reducing the toxicity of Al in the soil,
resulting in increased grain yield relative to traditional barley varieties on acidic soils
Litmus provides growers with an option to diversify their wheat phase on acidic soils, but does
not ameliorate the soil
lime is required to ameliorate soil with a low pH
higher yielding than Hindmarsh on soils with a sub-soil pH below 4.8
the future of Litmus beyond the 2014/15 harvest is uncertain due to the presence of blue
aleurone in its grain
Litmus growers should talk to the breeder, InterGrain, for the latest update.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
106%
95%
Agzone 3
87%
81%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
99%
87%
Agzone 6
-
-
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
SVS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
Sp
S
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
MSS
MS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
Sp
Sp
RLN (P. neglectus)
-
-
RLN (P. teres)
-
-
CCN
-
Page 86 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-7 to -5
-13 to -11
late May
0 to +2
-9 to -7
early July
0 to +2
-8 to -6
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Short
Plant height
Tall
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
Data from herbicide tolerance trials in WA is not yet available.
Variety information
Pedigree
WB229/2*Baudin//WABAR2238
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Syngenta
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.80
Page 87 of 113
Lockyer
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
Longer seasoned, semi-dwarf, high yielding feed variety
Lockyer has a grain yield comparable to Hindmarsh in all Agzones except Agzones 4 and 5.
can be higher yielding than Hindmarsh in environments with a yield potential above 4t/ha
relative to the long seasoned feed varieties Dash and Oxford, Lockyer is able to maintain its
grain yield as seeding is delayed into June and July
has poor resistance to barley leaf rust relative to Dash and Oxford.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
110%
103%
Agzone 2
107%
97%
Agzone 3
104%
97%
Agzone 4
102%
94%
Agzone 5
109%
96%
Agzone 6
112%
101%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MRMS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MR
MSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MR
MRMS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRMSp
MRMSp
CCN
-
-
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
Page 88 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+11 to +13
+3 to +5
late May
+12 to +14
+3 to +5
early July
+7 to +9
-1 to +1
Page 89 of 113
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Plant height
Straw strength
Head retention
Medium
Short
Moderately good
Very good
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to label rate applications of Achieve® (tralkoxydim), Eclipse® + MCPA LVE (metosulam +
MCPA) and Hoegrass® (diclofop-methyl) sprayed at Z13-Z14; and to 2,4-D Amine 625 sprayed at Z15-Z16.
Variety information
Pedigree
Tantangara/VB9104
Breeder or licensee InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$1.50
Page 90 of 113
Mundah
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
it is suited to later sowing systems where early season weed control is necessary
Mundah can suffer from severe head loss
suitable for areas with a low disease risk, but may be useful in rotations where root lesion
nematodes, but not cereal cyst nematodes, are a problem
lower yielding than most newer feed varieties including Fathom, Hindmarsh, Litmus, Lockyer
and Roe.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
84%
79%
Agzone 2
96%
86%
Agzone 3
89%
83%
Agzone 4
99%
91%
Agzone 5
95%
83%
Agzone 6
86%
77%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
S
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MS
MS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
S
MSS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
Page 91 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-8 to -6
-16 to -14
late May
-6 to -4
-15 to -13
early July
+1 to +3
-6 to -4
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to a label rate application of Wildcat® (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Yagan/O'Connor
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
No EPR payable
Page 92 of 113
Mundah
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
it is suited to later sowing systems where early season weed control is necessary
Mundah can suffer from severe head loss
suitable for areas with a low disease risk, but may be useful in rotations where root lesion
nematodes, but not cereal cyst nematodes, are a problem
lower yielding than most newer feed varieties including Fathom, Hindmarsh, Litmus, Lockyer
and Roe.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
84%
79%
Agzone 2
96%
86%
Agzone 3
89%
83%
Agzone 4
99%
91%
Agzone 5
95%
83%
Agzone 6
86%
77%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
S
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MS
MS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
S
MSS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-8 to -6
-16 to -14
Page 93 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late May
-6 to -4
-15 to -13
early July
+1 to +3
-6 to -4
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to a label rate application of Wildcat® (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Yagan/O'Connor
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
No EPR payable
Page 94 of 113
Mundah
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
it is suited to later sowing systems where early season weed control is necessary
Mundah can suffer from severe head loss
suitable for areas with a low disease risk, but may be useful in rotations where root lesion
nematodes, but not cereal cyst nematodes, are a problem
lower yielding than most newer feed varieties including Fathom, Hindmarsh, Litmus, Lockyer
and Roe.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
84%
79%
Agzone 2
96%
86%
Agzone 3
89%
83%
Agzone 4
99%
91%
Agzone 5
95%
83%
Agzone 6
86%
77%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
S
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MS
MS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
S
MSS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
S
S
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-8 to -6
-16 to -14
Page 95 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late May
-6 to -4
-15 to -13
early July
+1 to +3
-6 to -4
Page 96 of 113
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
Fair
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to a label rate application of Wildcat® (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Yagan/O'Connor
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
No EPR payable
Page 97 of 113
Oxford
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
long seasoned, semi-dwarf, feed barley suited to Agzones 3 and 6
Oxford is best suited to late April or early May planting and its yield potential falls rapidly as
seeding is delayed
Oxford is higher yielding than Hindmarsh in environments with a yield potential above 4t/ha,
particularly when sown early
excellent resistance to NTNB, powdery mildew (non-mlo resistance) and barley leaf rust (due to
adult plant resistance, Rph20)
growers need to be wary of STNB and therefore avoid sowing Oxford into paddocks where one
or two year old barley stubble is present
may be useful in rotations where root lesion nematodes are a problem.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
108%
101%
Agzone 2
101%
91%
Agzone 3
102%
95%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
98%
86%
Agzone 6
116%
104%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
R
MRMSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MR
MR
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
R
R
Leaf rust
R#
R
BYD and CYD
MRMS
MRMS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MRMSp
MRMSp
RLN (P. teres)
-
-
CCN
S
S
Page 98 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+7 to +9
0 to +2
late May
+13 to +15
+5 to +7
early July
+11 to +13
+3 to +5
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Short
Straw strength
Very good
Head retention
Very good
Herbicide tolerance
Has shown no sensitivity to a limited number of herbicides evaluated in herbicide tolerance trials.
Variety information
Pedigree
Tavern/Chime
Breeder or licensee
Nickersons
Access to seed
Heritage Seeds
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$2.50
Page 99 of 113
Roe
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
•
medium height, early spring feed barley
reaches awn peep 4–6 days later than Mundah and at a similar time to Hindmarsh and Stirling
with late May sowing
Roe is higher yielding than Mundah, equivalent to Fleet, but lower yielding than Hindmarsh
suitable for areas with a low disease risk, but may be useful in rotations where root lesion
nematodes are a problem.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
102%
95%
Agzone 2
105%
95%
Agzone 3
98%
91%
Agzone 4
103%
95%
Agzone 5
103%
91%
Agzone 6
101%
90%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MSS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
S
S
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MS
MSS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
MS
MS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
MS
MS
RLN (P. neglectus)
MR
MR
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
-
-
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-1 to -3
-10 to -8
Page 100 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late May
+1 to +3
-8 to -6
early July
0 to +2
-7 to -5
Page 101 of 113
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Plant height
Straw strength
Head retention
Medium
Medium
Moderately good
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
Has shown no sensitivity to a range of different herbicides when evaluated in herbicide tolerance trials.
Variety information
Pedigree
Doolup//Windich/Morex
Breeder or licensee InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$1.50
Page 102 of 113
Yagan
Feed variety
Comments
•
•
•
very early maturing variety that may be considered in weed management situations for late
sowing or short seasons
as Yagan has not been sown in NVT trials since 2003 there is no current MET data available
results from DAFWA barley agronomy time of sowing trials suggest that Fleet, Hindmarsh,
Lockyer and Roe are all higher yielding than Yagan
Hindmarsh and Roe also have improved hectolitre weight and grain brightness relative to Yagan.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
-
-
Agzone 3
-
-
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
-
-
Agzone 6
-
-
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
VS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MSSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
R
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
-
-
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
Page 103 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-19 to -17
-28 to -26
late May
-15 to -13
-21 to -19
early July
-7 to -5
-14 to -12
Page 104 of 113
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Plant height
Straw strength
Head retention
Medium
Medium
Fair
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
May be sensitive to a label rate application of Eclipse® (metosulam + MCPA) and Glean® (chlorsulfuron)
sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
unknown pedigree
Breeder or licensee InterGrain
Access to seed
Free to trade
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
No EPR payable
Page 105 of 113
Compass
Awaiting classification
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
new (tested as WI4593) medium spring, tall, CCN resistant barley derived from Commander, but
with a higher yield potential
Compass has been bred by the University of Adelaide
NVT trials suggest that Compass has a similar grain yield to Hindmarsh
Compass has an intermediate resistance to powdery mildew, but is susceptible to barley leaf
rust when pathotype 5457 P- is present
Compass is currently in stage one testing in 2014 with malting accreditation scheduled for 2016
Compass will be available as a high yielding feed variety in 2015
the seed licensee, SeedNet, has indicated there will be seed available for sale in WA in 2015.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
112%
101%
Agzone 3
107%
100%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
110%
96%
Agzone 6
111%
100%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
VS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MSSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
R
MRMS
Leaf rust
S
S
BYD and CYD
S
S
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MRp
MRp
CCN
-
-
Page 106 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
-19 to -17
-28 to -26
late May
-15 to -13
-21 to -19
early July
-7 to -5
-14 to -12
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Medium
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Fair
Head retention
-
Herbicide tolerance
Data from herbicide tolerance trials in WA is not yet available.
Variety information
Pedigree
County/Commander//Commander
Breeder or licensee
University of Adelaide
Access to seed
SeedNet
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.80
Page 107 of 113
Flinders
Awaiting classification
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
new (tested as WABAR2537) late spring, semi-dwarf barley derived from Baudin but with
significantly improved resistance to powdery mildew and barley leaf rust (due to adult plant
resistance, Rph20)
Flinders has been bred by InterGrain
NVT testing suggests that Flinders is higher yielding than Bass, Baudin and Buloke
Flinders is currently in stage two of Barley Australia's malt accreditation testing with a decision
due by March 2015
InterGrain and the seed licensee, Syngenta, have indicated that if Flinders is accredited there
will be seed available for sale in WA in 2015.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
107%
100%
Agzone 2
107%
96%
Agzone 3
103%
96%
Agzone 4
99%
92%
Agzone 5
106%
93%
Agzone 6
113%
102%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MS
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MSp
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
S
MS
STNB
MRMS
S
Powdery mildew
R
R
Leaf rust
S
MR
BYD and CYD
MR
MR
RLN (P. neglectus)
-
-
RLN (P. teres)
-
-
CCN
S
S
Page 108 of 113
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
late April
+3 to +5
-3 to -1
late May
+10 to +12
+1 to +3
early July
+11 to +13
+2 to +4
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Plant height
Straw strength
Head retention
Short
Short
Very good
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been tested against a limited number of herbicides in WA. May be sensitive to a label rate
application of Achieve® (tralkoxydim) sprayed at Z13-Z15.
Variety information
Pedigree
Baudin/Cooper
Breeder or licensee InterGrain
Access to seed
Syngenta
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$3.80
Page 109 of 113
La Trobe
Awaiting classification
Comments
•
•
•
•
•
•
new (tested as IGB1101) early spring, semi-dwarf, CCN resistant barley bred in Victoria but
licensed to InterGrain
almost identical to Hindmarsh in the paddock as derived from the same cross
La Trobe has been released as a feed barley pending the results of Barley Australia's stage two
testing in 2014
the decision is now due by March 2015
a limited volume of seed was released by the seed licensee Syngenta in 2014, focusing on the
Kwinana port zone
the bulk of the La Trobe grown in 2014 will be used for seed for the 2015 season, although small
volumes will be accumulated in the Kwinana port zone at the 2014/15 harvest for market
development purposes if accredited.
Grain yield (2009-2013 NVT)
% Buloke
% Hindmarsh
Agzone 1
-
-
Agzone 2
110%
99%
Agzone 3
108%
101%
Agzone 4
-
-
Agzone 5
113%
100%
Agzone 6
113%
102%
Resistance rating: VS = very susceptible, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible, MRMS =
intermediate, MR = moderately resistant, R = resistant, / = due to multiple strains of the pathogen
the alternate reaction is also presented, # = reaction in presence of alternate strain is not yet
quantified, p = provisional rating only, - = no data available.
Disease resistance
Seedling
Adult
Scald
-
MR
NTNB (Beecher virulent)
MRMS
MS
NTNB (Beecher avirulent)
MRMS
MRMS
STNB
S
S
Powdery mildew
MRMS
MRMS
Leaf rust
MS
S
Page 110 of 113
BYD and CYD
Sp
Sp
RLN (P. neglectus)
MS
MS
RLN (P. teres)
MSp
MSp
CCN
R
R
Flowering (days to Z49)
Relative to Stirling
Relative to Buloke
Page 111 of 113
late April
-4 to -2
-12 to -10
late May
0 to +2
-8 to -6
early July
+1 to +3
-7 to -5
Page 112 of 113
Agronomic traits
Coleoptile length
Short
Plant height
Medium
Straw strength
Moderately good
Head retention
Moderately good
Herbicide tolerance
Has only been tested against a limited number of herbicides in WA. May be sensitive to a label rate
application of Diuron + MCPA (diuron + MCPA) sprayed at Z13-Z14.
Variety information
Pedigree
Dash/VB9409
Breeder or licensee
InterGrain
Access to seed
Syngenta
EPR ($/t, excluding GST)
$4.00
End.
Page 113 of 113