All preprocessed searches (search ‘filters’) for PubMed or Embase.com
Contents
1.
Clinical Trials level 1-3 for PubMed ................................................................. 1
2.
Randomized controlled trials for PubMed ......................................................... 1
3.
Randomized controlled trials for Embase.com .................................................. 1
4.
Diagnostic test validation for PubMed .............................................................. 2
5.
Diagnostic test validation for PubMed .............................................................. 2
6.
FDG-PET (human) for PubMed........................................................................ 2
7.
FDG-PET for PubMed ..................................................................................... 3
8.
Pediatrics for PubMed .................................................................................... 3
9.
Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) for PubMed ........................... 3
10.
Systematic reviews or meta-analyses for PubMed ............................................. 3
11.
Systematic reviews or meta-analyses for Embase.com ...................................... 4
12.
Gender for PubMed ....................................................................................... 4
13.
Clinimetric for PubMed .................................................................................. 5
1. Clinical Trials level 1-3 for PubMed
From the Cochrane Handbook, Robinson/Dickersin 2002, published in: Robinson KA,
Dickersin K. Development of a highly sensitive search strategy for the retrieval of reports
of controlled trials using PubMed. Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Feb;31(1):150-3. PMID:
11914311. [http://ije.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/31/1/150]. Adapted to a shorter
notation by Riphagen. Revised by Ket (Jan. 2009).
(randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR randomized
controlled trials[mh] OR random allocation[mh] OR double-blind method[mh]
OR single-blind method[mh] OR clinical trial[pt] OR clinical trials[mh] OR
"clinical trial"[tw] OR ((singl*[tw] OR doubl*[tw] OR trebl*[tw] OR tripl*[tw])
AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])) OR "latin square"[tw] OR placebos[mh] OR
placebo*[tw] OR random*[tw] OR research design[mh:noexp] OR comparative
study[pt] OR evaluation studies[pt] OR follow-up studies[mh] OR prospective
studies[mh] OR cross-over studies[mh] OR control[tw] OR controll*[tw] OR
prospectiv*[tw] OR volunteer*[tw]) NOT (animals[mh] NOT humans[mh])
2. Randomized controlled trials for PubMed
From: Cochrane Handbook, Version 5.0.1, [updated September 2008], eds: Higgins &
Green, box 6.4.a: Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy for identifying randomized
trials in MEDLINE: sensitivity-maximizing version (2008 revision) [http://www.mrcbsu.cam.ac.uk/cochrane/handbook/chapter_6/box_6_4_a_cochrane_hsss_2008_sensma
x_pubmed.htm]. Notation as a search string by Ket, Jan. 2009. This filter differs from the
‘Clinical trial’-filter as the above filter will only find randomized controlled trials and not
the more broad search for ‘clinical trials’ in the ‘Clinical Trials’-filter.
randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR
randomized[tiab] OR placebo[tiab] OR drug therapy[sh] OR randomly[tiab] OR
trial[tiab] OR groups[tiab]
3. Randomized controlled trials for Embase.com
From: Cochrane Handbook, Version 5.0.1, [updated September 2008], eds: Higgins &
Green, chapter 6.3.2.2, What is in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
(CENTRAL) from EMBASE? [http://www.cochrane-handbook.org], notation as a search
1
string by Ket (Jan. 2009). This search string is based on research by the UK Cochrane
Centre “for reports of trials not indexed as trials in MEDLINE (Lefebvre 2008).” From:
Cochrane Handbook, chapter 6.3.2.2. Revision by Ralph de Vries, Sep. 2013).
random* OR factorial* OR crossover* OR (cross NEXT/1 over*) OR placebo* OR
(doubl* AND blind*) OR (singl* AND blind*) OR assign* OR allocat* OR
volunteer* OR 'crossover procedure'/exp OR 'double blind procedure'/exp OR
'randomized controlled trial'/exp OR 'single blind procedure'/exp
4. Diagnostic test validation for PubMed
Published in: Devillé WL, Buntinx F, Bouter LM, Montori VM, de Vet HC, van der Windt
DA, Bezemer PD. Conducting systematic reviews of diagnostic studies: didactic
guidelines. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2002 Jul 3;2:9. PMID: 12097142; PMCID:
PMC117243 [http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2288-2-9.pdf]. Adapted
to a shorter notation by Riphagen.
"Sensitivity and Specificity"[MeSH] OR specificit*[tw] OR screening[tw] OR
accura*[tw] OR reference value*[tw] OR false positive[tw] OR false
negative[tw] OR predictive value*[tw] OR roc[tw] OR likelyhood*[tw] OR
likelihood*[tw]
5. Diagnostic test validation for PubMed
Created by Riphagen, 2006. Compared to the Clinical Queries/Diagnosis this filter is more
sensitive than the specific query, and more specific than the sensitive query. Revised by
Ket (Jan. 2009).
"Sensitivity and Specificity"[MeSH] OR "Diagnostic Errors"[MeSH] OR
sensitive[tw] OR sensitivity[tw] OR specificity[tw] OR accurate[tw] OR
accuracy[tw] OR "golden standard" OR "gold standard" OR (reference[tw] AND
(test[tw] OR standard[tw])) OR "index test" OR validity[tw] OR validation[tw]
OR validate*[tw] OR valid[ti] OR validation studies[pt] OR verif*[ti] OR
evaluation studies[pt] OR evaluat*[ti] OR (false[tw] AND (positive[tw] OR
negative[tw])) OR pretest[tw] OR pre-test[tw] OR posttest[tw] OR posttest[tw] OR predictive value OR predict*[ti] OR roc[tw] OR likelyhood[tw] OR
likelihood[tw] OR value*[ti] OR reference values[mesh] OR cutoff[tw] OR cutoff[tw] OR quality control[mesh] OR "reproducibility of results"[mesh] OR
repeatability[tw] OR reproducibility[tw] OR efficacy[tw] OR reliability[tw] OR
comparative study[pt] OR odds[tw] OR error*[tw] OR suitability[tw] OR
utility[tw]
6. FDG-PET (human) for PubMed
Published in: Mijnhout GS, Riphagen II, Hoekstra OS. Update of the FDG PET search
strategy. Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Dec;25(12):1187-9. PMID: 15640777. Last update:
March 2006.
(deoxyglucose[mh] OR deoxyglucose[tw] OR desoxyglucose[tw] OR deoxyglucose[tw] OR desoxy-glucose[tw] OR deoxy-d-glucose[tw] OR desoxy-dglucose[tw] OR 2deoxyglucose[tw] OR 2deoxy-d-glucose[tw] OR
fluorodeoxyglucose[tw] OR fluorodesoxyglucose[tw] OR fludeoxyglucose[tw]
OR fluordeoxyglucose[tw] OR fluordesoxyglucose[tw] OR
18fluorodeoxyglucose[tw] OR 18fluorodesoxyglucose[tw] OR
18fluordeoxyglucose[tw] OR fdg*[tw] OR 18fdg*[tw] OR 18f-dg*[tw] OR
((fluor[tw] OR 2fluor*[tw] OR fluoro[tw] OR fluorodeoxy[tw] OR fludeoxy[tw]
OR fluorine[tw] OR 18f[tw] OR 18flu*[tw]) AND glucose[tw])) AND (pet[tw]
OR pet/*[tw] OR petscan*[tw] OR tomography, emission-computed[mh] OR
(emission[tw] AND (tomograph[tw] OR tomographs[tw] OR tomographic*[tw]
2
OR tomography[tw] OR tomographies[tw]))) NOT (animals[mh] NOT
humans[mh])
7. FDG-PET for PubMed
Published in: Mijnhout GS, Riphagen II, Hoekstra OS. Update of the FDG PET search
strategy. Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Dec;25(12):1187-9. PMID: 15640777. Last update:
March 2006.
(deoxyglucose[mh] OR deoxyglucose[tw] OR desoxyglucose[tw] OR deoxyglucose[tw] OR desoxy-glucose[tw] OR deoxy-d-glucose[tw] OR desoxy-dglucose[tw] OR 2deoxyglucose[tw] OR 2deoxy-d-glucose[tw] OR
fluorodeoxyglucose[tw] OR fluorodesoxyglucose[tw] OR fludeoxyglucose[tw]
OR fluordeoxyglucose[tw] OR fluordesoxyglucose[tw] OR
18fluorodeoxyglucose[tw] OR 18fluorodesoxyglucose[tw] OR
18fluordeoxyglucose[tw] OR fdg*[tw] OR 18fdg*[tw] OR 18f-dg*[tw] OR
((fluor[tw] OR 2fluor*[tw] OR fluoro[tw] OR fluorodeoxy[tw] OR fludeoxy[tw]
OR fluorine[tw] OR 18f[tw] OR 18flu*[tw]) AND glucose[tw])) AND (pet[tw]
OR pet/*[tw] OR petscan*[tw] OR tomography, emission-computed[mh] OR
(emission[tw] AND (tomograph[tw] OR tomographs[tw] OR tomographic*[tw]
OR tomography[tw] OR tomographies[tw])))
8. Pediatrics for PubMed
Ket and Riphagen, March 2006. Revised by Ket, Jan. 2009.
child*[tw] OR schoolchild*[tw] OR infan*[tw] OR adolescen*[tw] OR
pediatri*[tw] OR paediatr*[tw] OR neonat*[tw] OR boy[tw] OR boys[tw] OR
boyhood[tw] OR girl[tw] OR girls[tw] OR girlhood[tw] OR youth[tw] OR
youths[tw] OR baby[tw] OR babies[tw] OR toddler*[tw] OR "Mental Disorders
Diagnosed in Childhood"[MeSH] OR teen[tw] OR teens[tw] OR teenager*[tw]
OR newborn*[tw] OR postneonat*[tw] OR postnat*[tw] OR puberty[tw] OR
preschool*[tw] OR suckling*[tw] OR picu[tw] OR nicu[tw] OR "Arthritis,
Juvenile Rheumatoid"[Mesh] OR "Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile"[Mesh] OR
"Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Juvenile"[Mesh] OR "Xanthogranuloma,
Juvenile"[Mesh] OR "Juvenile Delinquency"[Mesh] OR "Corneal Dystrophy,
Juvenile Epithelial of Meesmann"[Mesh]
9. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses (MAs) for PubMed
Based on research for a SR-filter for OVID/Medline: Boynton J, Glanville J, McDaid D,
Lefebvre C. Identifying systematic reviews in MEDLINE: developing an objective approach
to search strategy design. Journal of Information Science 1998;24(3):137-54. This
strategy is also used by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) in York.
Translated for PubMed by Ket, Jan. 2009.
((review[tiab] OR "Review"[Publication Type] OR "Meta-Analysis as
Topic"[Mesh] OR meta-analysis[tiab] OR "Meta-Analysis "[Publication Type])
NOT ("Letter"[Publication Type] OR "Editorial"[Publication Type] OR
"Comment"[Publication Type])) NOT ("Animals"[Mesh] NOT ("Animals"[Mesh]
AND "Humans"[Mesh]))
10. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses for PubMed
Created by Marijke Mol, 28 July 2010.
(review*[tiab] OR search*[tiab] OR survey*[tiab] OR handsearch*[tiab] OR
hand-search*[tiab]) AND (databa*[tiab] OR data-ba*[tiab] OR
bibliograph*[tiab] OR electronic*[tiab] OR medline*[tiab] OR pubmed*[tiab]
OR embase*[tiab] OR Cochrane[tiab] OR cinahl[tiab] OR psycinfo[tiab] OR
psychinfo[tiab] OR cinhal[tiab] OR "web of science"[tiab] OR "web of
knowledge"[tiab] OR ebsco[tiab] OR ovid[tiab] OR mrct[tiab] OR
3
metaregist*[tiab] OR meta-regist*[tiab] OR ((predetermined[tiab] OR predetermined[tiab]) AND criteri*[tiab]) OR apprais*[tiab] OR inclusion
criteri*[tiab] OR exclusion criteri*[tiab]) OR (review[pt] AND systemat*[tiab])
OR "systematic review"[tiab] OR "systematic literature"[tiab] OR "integrative
review"[tiab] OR "integrative literature"[tiab] OR "evidence-based
review"[tiab] OR "evidence-based overview"[tiab] OR "evidence-based
literature"[tiab] OR "evidence-based survey"[tiab] OR "literature search"[tiab]
OR ((systemat*[ti] OR evidence-based[ti]) AND (review*[ti] OR literature[ti]
OR overview[ti] OR survey[ti])) OR "data synthesis"[tiab] OR "evidence
synthesis"[tiab] OR "data extraction"[tiab] OR "data source"[tiab] OR "data
sources"[tiab] OR "study selection"[tiab] OR "methodological quality"[tiab] OR
"methodologic quality"[tiab] OR cochrane database syst rev[ta] OR metaanaly*[tiab] OR metaanaly*[tiab] OR metanaly*[tiab] OR meta-analysis[pt] OR
meta-synthesis[tiab] OR metasynthesis[tiab] OR meta-study[tiab] OR
metastudy[tiab] OR metaethnograph*[tiab] OR meta-ethnograph*[tiab] OR
Technology Assessment, Biomedical[mh] OR hta[tiab] OR health technol assess
[ta] OR evid rep technol assess summ[ta] OR health technology
assessment[tiab]
11. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses for Embase.com
Combination and revision (by Ket, 20 Oct. 2010) of existing filters for OVID/Embase by
SIGN [http://www.sign.ac.uk/methodology/filters.html#systematic], OVID/Embase by
Clinical Evidence [http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/about/search_filters.jsp],
OVID-SP/Embase by the CRD in York [http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb], and studies:
Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. Comparison of top-performing search strategies for
detecting clinically sound treatment studies and systematic reviews in MEDLINE and
EMBASE. J Med Libr Assoc 2006 Oct;94(4):451-5; Bradley SM. Examination of the
Clinical Queries and systematic review "hedges" in EMBASE and MEDLINE. J Canadian
Health Libraries Association 2010 Aug;31(2):27-37; Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. EMBASE
search strategies achieved high sensitivity and specificity for retrieving methodologically
sound systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2007 Jan;60(1):29-33.
'meta analysis'/exp OR 'systematic review'/exp OR (meta NEAR/3 analy*):ab,ti
OR metaanaly*:ab,ti OR review*:ti OR overview*:ti OR (synthes* NEAR/3
(literature* OR research* OR studies OR data)):ab,ti OR (pooled AND
analys*:ab,ti) OR ((data NEAR/2 pool*):ab,ti AND studies:ab,ti) OR
medline:ab,ti OR medlars:ab,ti OR embase:ab,ti OR cinahl:ab,ti OR
scisearch:ab,ti OR psychinfo:ab,ti OR psycinfo:ab,ti OR psychlit:ab,ti OR
psyclit:ab,ti OR cinhal:ab,ti OR cancerlit:ab,ti OR cochrane:ab,ti OR bids:ab,ti OR
pubmed:ab,ti OR ovid:ab,ti OR ((hand OR manual OR database* OR computer*)
NEAR/2 search*):ab,ti OR (electronic NEAR/2 (database* OR 'data base' OR
'data bases')):ab,ti OR bibliograph*:ab OR 'relevant journals':ab OR ((review*
OR overview*) NEAR/10 (systematic* OR methodologic* OR quantitativ* OR
research* OR literature* OR studies OR trial* OR effective*)):ab NOT
(((retrospective* OR record* OR case* OR patient*) NEAR/2 review*):ab,ti OR
((patient* OR review*) NEAR/2 chart*):ab,ti OR rat:ab,ti OR rats:ab,ti OR
mouse:ab,ti OR mice:ab,ti OR hamster:ab,ti OR hamsters:ab,ti OR animal:ab,ti
OR animals:ab,ti OR dog:ab,ti OR dogs:ab,ti OR cat:ab,ti OR cats:ab,ti OR
bovine:ab,ti OR sheep:ab,ti) NOT ('editorial'/exp OR 'erratum'/de OR
'letter'/exp) NOT ('animal'/exp OR 'nonhuman'/exp NOT ('animal'/exp OR
'nonhuman'/exp AND 'human'/exp))
12. Gender for PubMed
An OVID/Medline filter published in: Moerman CJ, Deurenberg R, Haafkens JA. Locating
sex-specific evidence on clinical questions in MEDLINE: a search filter for use on OvidSP.
BMC Medical Research Methodology 2009, 9:25 (14 Apr 2009)
[http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/9/25]. This adaptation to PubMed was done
4
by Lian Hielkema (NHG) and commented on by Dieuwke Brand (Walaeus Library, LUMC),
June 2009.
gender*[tw] OR sex[tw] OR "sex factors"[mh] OR sexe*[tw] OR sexu*[tw] OR
boys[tw] or girls[tw] OR women[tw] OR men[tw] OR male[tw] OR males[tw]
OR female*[tw]
13. Clinimetric for PubMed
A precise and a sensitive filter for studies on measurement properties. Published in:
Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HC. Development of a methodological
PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement
instruments. Qual Life Res. 2009 Oct;18(8):1115-23. PMID: 19711195; PMCID:
PMC2744791
[www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=19711195].
Precise filter
((instrumentation[sh] OR "Validation Studies"[pt] OR "reproducibility of
results"[MeSH Terms] OR reproducib*[tiab] OR "psychometrics"[MeSH] OR
psychometr*[tiab] OR clinimetr*[tiab] OR clinometr*[tiab] OR "observer
variation"[MeSH] OR "observer variation"[tiab] OR "discriminant
analysis"[MeSH] OR reliab*[tiab] OR valid*[tiab] OR coefficient[tiab] OR
"internal consistency"[tiab] OR (cronbach*[tiab] AND (alpha[tiab] OR
alphas[tiab])) OR "item correlation"[tiab] OR "item correlations"[tiab] OR
"item selection"[tiab] OR "item selections"[tiab] OR "item reduction"[tiab] OR
"item reductions"[tiab] OR agreement[tiab] OR precision[tiab] OR
imprecision[tiab] OR "precise values"[tiab] OR test-retest[tiab] OR (test[tiab]
AND retest[tiab]) OR (reliab*[tiab] AND (test[tiab] OR retest[tiab])) OR
stability[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR inter-rater[tiab] OR intrarater[tiab] OR
intra-rater[tiab] OR intertester[tiab] OR inter-tester[tiab] OR intratester[tiab]
OR intra-tester[tiab] OR interobserver[tiab] OR inter-observer[tiab] OR
intraobserver[tiab] OR intra-observer[tiab] OR intertechnician[tiab] OR intertechnician[tiab] OR intratechnician[tiab] OR intra-technician[tiab] OR
interexaminer[tiab] OR inter-examiner[tiab] OR intraexaminer[tiab] OR intraexaminer[tiab] OR interassay[tiab] OR inter-assay[tiab] OR intraassay[tiab] OR
intra-assay[tiab] OR interindividual[tiab] OR inter-individual[tiab] OR
intraindividual[tiab] OR intra-individual[tiab] OR interparticipant[tiab] OR
inter-participant[tiab] OR intraparticipant[tiab] OR intra-participant[tiab] OR
kappa[tiab] OR kappa's[tiab] OR kappas[tiab] OR repeatab*[tiab] OR
((replicab*[tiab] OR repeated[tiab]) AND (measure[tiab] OR measures[tiab]
OR findings[tiab] OR result[tiab] OR results[tiab] OR test[tiab] OR tests[tiab]))
OR generaliza*[tiab] OR generalisa*[tiab] OR concordance[tiab] OR
(intraclass[tiab] AND correlation*[tiab]) OR discriminative[tiab] OR "known
group"[tiab] OR "factor analysis"[tiab] OR "factor analyses"[tiab] OR
dimensionality[tiab] OR subscale*[tiab] OR "multitrait scaling analysis"[tiab]
OR "multitrait scaling analyses"[tiab] OR "item discriminant"[tiab]OR
"interscale correlation"[tiab] OR "interscale correlations"[tiab] OR ((error[tiab]
OR errors[tiab]) AND (measure*[tiab] OR correlat*[tiab] OR evaluat*[tiab] OR
accuracy[tiab] OR accurate[tiab] OR precision[tiab] OR mean[tiab])) OR
"individual variability"[tiab] OR "variability analysis"[tiab] OR
(uncertainty[tiab] AND (measurement[tiab] OR measuring[tiab])) OR
"standard error of measurement"[tiab] OR sensitiv*[tiab] OR responsive*[tiab]
OR (small*[tiab] AND (real[tiab] OR detectable[tiab]) AND (change[tiab] OR
difference[tiab])) OR "meaningful change"[tiab] OR "minimal important
change"[tiab] OR "minimal important difference"[tiab] OR "minimally
important change"[tiab] OR "minimally important difference"[tiab] OR
"minimal detectable change"[tiab] OR "minimal detectable difference"[tiab] OR
"minimally detectable change"[tiab] OR "minimally detectable difference"[tiab]
5
OR "minimal real change"[tiab] OR "minimal real difference"[tiab] OR
"minimally real change"[tiab] OR "minimally real difference"[tiab] OR "ceiling
effect"[tiab] OR "floor effect"[tiab] OR "item response model"[tiab] OR irt[tiab]
OR rasch[tiab] OR "differential item functioning"[tiab] OR dif[tiab] OR
"computer adaptive testing"[tiab] OR "item bank"[tiab] OR "cross-cultural
equivalence"[tiab]) NOT ("addresses"[Publication Type] OR
"biography"[Publication Type] OR "case reports"[Publication Type] OR
"comment"[Publication Type] OR "directory"[Publication Type] OR
"editorial"[Publication Type] OR "festschrift"[Publication Type] OR
"interview"[Publication Type] OR "lectures"[Publication Type] OR "legal
cases"[Publication Type] OR "legislation"[Publication Type] OR
"letter"[Publication Type] OR "news"[Publication Type] OR "newspaper
article"[Publication Type] OR "patient education handout"[Publication Type] OR
"popular works"[Publication Type] OR "congresses"[Publication Type] OR
"consensus development conference"[Publication Type] OR "consensus
development conference, nih"[Publication Type] OR "practice
guideline"[Publication Type]) NOT ("animals"[MeSH Terms] NOT
"humans"[MeSH Terms]))
Sensitive filter
((instrumentation[sh] OR methods[sh] OR "Validation Studies"[pt] OR
"Comparative Study"[pt] OR "psychometrics"[MeSH] OR psychometr*[tiab] OR
clinimetr*[tw] OR clinometr*[tw] OR "outcome assessment (health
care)"[MeSH] OR "outcome assessment"[tiab] OR "outcome measure*"[tw] OR
"observer variation"[MeSH] OR "observer variation"[tiab] OR "Health Status
Indicators"[Mesh] OR "reproducibility of results"[MeSH] OR reproducib*[tiab]
OR "discriminant analysis"[MeSH] OR reliab*[tiab] OR unreliab*[tiab] OR
valid*[tiab] OR "coefficient of variation"[tiab] OR coefficient[tiab] OR
homogeneity[tiab] OR homogeneous[tiab] OR "internal consistency"[tiab] OR
(cronbach*[tiab] AND (alpha[tiab] OR alphas[tiab])) OR (item[tiab] AND
(correlation*[tiab] OR selection*[tiab] OR reduction*[tiab])) OR
agreement[tw] OR precision[tw] OR imprecision[tw] OR "precise values"[tw]
OR test-retest[tiab] OR (test[tiab] AND retest[tiab]) OR (reliab*[tiab] AND
(test[tiab] OR retest[tiab])) OR stability[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR intrarater[tiab] OR intra-rater[tiab] OR intertester[tiab] OR
inter-tester[tiab] OR intratester[tiab] OR intra-tester[tiab] OR
interobserver[tiab] OR inter-observer[tiab] OR intraobserver[tiab] OR intraobserver[tiab] OR intertechnician[tiab] OR inter-technician[tiab] OR
intratechnician[tiab] OR intra-technician[tiab] OR interexaminer[tiab] OR interexaminer[tiab] OR intraexaminer[tiab] OR intra-examiner[tiab] OR
interassay[tiab] OR inter-assay[tiab] OR intraassay[tiab] OR intra-assay[tiab]
OR interindividual[tiab] OR inter-individual[tiab] OR intraindividual[tiab] OR
intra-individual[tiab] OR interparticipant[tiab] OR inter-participant[tiab] OR
intraparticipant[tiab] OR intra-participant[tiab] OR kappa[tiab] OR
kappa's[tiab] OR kappas[tiab] OR repeatab*[tw] OR ((replicab*[tw] OR
repeated[tw]) AND (measure[tw] OR measures[tw] OR findings[tw] OR
result[tw] OR results[tw] OR test[tw] OR tests[tw])) OR generaliza*[tiab] OR
generalisa*[tiab] OR concordance[tiab] OR (intraclass[tiab] AND
correlation*[tiab]) OR discriminative[tiab] OR "known group"[tiab] OR "factor
analysis"[tiab] OR "factor analyses"[tiab] OR "factor structure"[tiab] OR
"factor structures"[tiab] OR dimension*[tiab] OR subscale*[tiab] OR
(multitrait[tiab] AND scaling[tiab] AND (analysis[tiab] OR analyses[tiab])) OR
"item discriminant"[tiab] OR "interscale correlation*"[tiab] OR error[tiab] OR
errors[tiab] OR "individual variability"[tiab] OR "interval variability"[tiab] OR
"rate variability"[tiab] OR (variability[tiab] AND (analysis[tiab] OR
values[tiab])) OR (uncertainty[tiab] AND (measurement[tiab] OR
measuring[tiab])) OR "standard error of measurement"[tiab] OR
6
sensitiv*[tiab] OR responsive*[tiab] OR (limit[tiab] AND detection[tiab]) OR
"minimal detectable concentration"[tiab] OR interpretab*[tiab] OR
((minimal[tiab] OR minimally[tiab] OR clinical[tiab] OR clinically[tiab]) AND
(important[tiab] OR significant[tiab] OR detectable[tiab]) AND (change[tiab]
OR difference[tiab])) OR (small*[tiab] AND (real[tiab] OR detectable[tiab])
AND (change[tiab] OR difference[tiab])) OR "meaningful change"[tiab] OR
"ceiling effect"[tiab] OR "floor effect"[tiab] OR "item response model"[tiab] OR
irt[tiab] OR rasch[tiab] OR "differential item functioning"[tiab] OR dif[tiab] OR
"computer adaptive testing"[tiab] OR "item bank"[tiab] OR "cross-cultural
equivalence"[tiab]) NOT ("addresses"[Publication Type] OR
"biography"[Publication Type] OR "case reports"[Publication Type] OR
"comment"[Publication Type] OR "directory"[Publication Type] OR
"editorial"[Publication Type] OR "festschrift"[Publication Type] OR
"interview"[Publication Type] OR "lectures"[Publication Type] OR "legal
cases"[Publication Type] OR "legislation"[Publication Type] OR
"letter"[Publication Type] OR "news"[Publication Type] OR "newspaper
article"[Publication Type] OR "patient education handout"[Publication Type] OR
"popular works"[Publication Type] OR "congresses"[Publication Type] OR
"consensus development conference"[Publication Type] OR "consensus
development conference, nih"[Publication Type] OR "practice
guideline"[Publication Type]) NOT ("animals"[MeSH Terms] NOT
"humans"[MeSH Terms]))
7