Human Reproduction
Synergy Textbook Questions: Pages 209 – 210.
The Male Reproductive System (pgs. 196 – 197)
1. Fill in the missing stages of life: Fetus to baby to adolescent to adult to Elderly Person
2. The term puberty refers to the period in life in which a set of anatomical, physiological, and psychological changes takes
place in children who are becoming adolescents.
3. A hormone is a chemical substance that is produced by a gland and is secreted into the blood. It transmits a message
throughout the body. A hormonal message has specific instructions addressed to certain cells.
(Ex. Hormone Testosterone is for Spermatozoa)
4. Who am I?
a) I convey semen and urine out of the body.
Urethra
b) We produce Spermatozoa. Testes or Testicles
c) We assist in semen formation by producing a lubricating fluid that neutralizes the acidity of
the urethra. Cowper`s Gland
d) We are responsible for forming 50 % of the semen`s volume. The seminal vesicles
e) We are the penis`s erectile tissues where blood accumulates. Corpus Cavernosum
f) I am an action in which semen is expelled from the penis spasms. Ejaculation
g) I am the culmination of sexual pleasure. Orgasm.
h) We are hormonal glands that trigger puberty in men. Pituitary Gland and Testicles
i) I am a hormone produced by the testicles. Testosterone
j) We are hormones produced by the pituitary gland.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
k) We cause male secondary sex characteristics to appear. Testosterone.
5. The two functions of an erection are: 1. To penetrate the walls of the vagina; 2. Release semen towards the cervix.
6. Three changes that occur in a male at puberty are:
Growth of hair, muscle and bone tissue.
Increased sebaceous gland production of sebum = acne.
Mood and behaviour swings.
Intense sex drive - libido.
7. An adolescent will generally become fertile within two years of puberty.
8. Three factors that can influence puberty`s progression are:
Heredity, Ethnic Group, Diet, Geographical Location,
Sociocultural milieu, and Stress.
9. Spermatogenesis occurs when the male`s testicles are producing spermatozoa (sperm)
10. Who am I?
a) I am a cell that generates spermatozoa = Spermatogonium
b) I am part of the testicle in which spermatogenesis occurs = Seminal Duct of the testicle
c) I make the spermatozoon mobile = the Tail``, or Flagellum.
d) I contain enzymes that allow the spermatozoon to pierce the envelope of the ovum and fertilize it = Acrosome
e) I relax or contract to keep the testicles at a temperature slightly below that of the body = Scrotum
f) We are hormones that stimulate spermatogenesis = LH and FSH.
g) I am a hormone that slows spermatogenesis = Inhibin
11. How long does it take to produce a mature spermatozoon = 64 – 72 days.
12. How long, on average, can a spermatozoon live in a woman`s genital passages = On avg. 7s hours.
The Female Reproductive System (pgs. 202 -209)
13. Who Am I?
a) I am a duct that allows the ovum to travel from the ovary to the uterus? Fallopian Tube(s)
b) We produce ova (Secondary oocytes).
Ovaries
c) I am a sensitive part made of erectile tissues.
Clitoris
d) I am a cylindrical organ the penis enters during the sex act.
Vagina
e) I am a structure that captures the ovum after ovulation. Infundibulum of the Fallopian Tube
f) We protect the entrance of the female reproductive apparatus. Labia Majoria
g) I am the place where the embryo and then the fetus develop. Uterus
h) We produce a fluid that lubricates the vagina.
Bartholin’s Glands.
i) We are the hormonal glands that trigger puberty in women. Pituitary Gland and Ovaries.
j) We are hormones produced by the ovaries. Estrogen and Progesterone.
14. Name three changes that occur in females at puberty. Breasts enlarge, fat deposits at the hips, thighs and breasts,
enlargement of the pelvis, bone growth and maturation for.
menstrual cycle.
15. What hormones cause female secondary sex characteristics?
16. Name the functions of progesterone:
FSH and LH which boost estrogen and progesterone,
BUT, estrogen and progesterone have nothing to do
with secondary Sex Characteristics.
Maintains Pregnancy and Lactation; cramps occur and breasts become swollen and
tender during late stages of the Menstrual Cycle. If the female becomes pregnant,
the body is ready. If not, the period starts.
17. Define Oogenesis: It is the production of ova (eggs) by the ovaries.
18. True or False?
a) Oogenesis involves two types of cell division? True it is called Meiosis
b) Oogenesis produces four reproductive cells?
(Review from September ;)
False. Oogenesis uses Meiosis = 2 reproductive cells.
c) At birth, a baby girl already has all her ova? True. She has up to 7 million Oocytes prior to birth, but is reduced to 1
million at birth. It will be further reduced to about 400,000 as Oocytes
degenerate very rapidly.
d) At the moment of fertilization, the oocyte finally transforms into an ovum. True
19.
a) False.
b) FSH causes follicles to mature? True
c) After ovulation, the follicle becomes the corpus Cavernosum? False, that is a male reproductive organ.
d) In a 30-day cycle, the postovulatory phase lasts 16 days? False, it is always 14 days.
e) Follicles produce progesterone? False. The Corpus Luteum produces Progesterone.
f) Progesterone and Estrogens stimulate the thickening of the endometrium? True.
20. How long after ovulation is the secondary oocyte fertilizable? 24 hours.
21. Name the hormone produced by the fertilized ovum. hCG (human chorionic gonadototropin)