Supplementary Information
Table S1 Estimated equation parameters for different models based on data from Eucalyptus pauciflora differing in altitude and season together with
the r2 values indicating the proportion of the data explained by the model for each site and season. The models with the highest r2 value for each site
and sampling time are in bold. Values show calculated means (S.E.).
date altitude
No temperature sensitivity
Single Q10
model
(eqn. 1)
Q10
r2
Temperature dependent component
Arrhenius model
(eqn. 2)
Ea
r2
kJ mol-1
Sep 09 2110
Sep 09 1982
Sep 09 1910
Sep 09 1380
Feb 10 2110
Feb 10 1982
Feb 10 1910
Feb 10 1380
1.99 0.9851
(0.04)
1.97 0.9864
(0.02)
2.00 0.9881
(0.05)
53.43
(1.59)
52.35
(1.32)
53.83
(1.84)
0.9900
2.01
(0.04)
2.01
(0.05)
2.12
(0.03)
2.10
(0.05)
54.86
(1.83)
54.85
(1.89)
58.36
(1.40)
57.48
(2.04)
0.9916
0.9892
0.9475
0.9667
0.9648
0.9907
0.9906
0.9516
0.9714
0.9692
Lloyd & Taylor 1994 model Atkin et al. 2005b model
(eqn. 3)
(eqn. 4)
r2
x
2127.09 129.40
(0.11)
(2.64)
2127.03 127.86
(0.06)
(1.47)
2127.37 129.46
(0.13)
(3.19)
0.9926
3.548
(0.174)
3.365
(0.253)
2.951
(0.317)
2127.50
(0.15)
2127.37
(0.13)
1854.48
(273.00)
2127.66
(0.15)
0.9924
2.897
(0.229)
6.087
(2.308)
5.050
(0.711)
4.341
(0.488)
Eo
To
K
K
132.54
(3.17)
130.90
(3.12)
154.76
(16.43)
137.37
(3.13)
0.9935
0.9920
0.9542
0.9758
0.9720
y
r2
Polynomial fit
(eqn. 6)
b
0.049 0.9978
(0.006)
0.044 0.9979
(0.008)
0.030 0.9942
(0.010)
-1.158
(0.099)
-1.223
(0.188)
-1.162
(0.125)
0.115
(0.009)
0.116
(0.005)
0.098
(0.011)
-0.000658 0.9942
(0.000160)
-0.000723 0.9857
(0.000064)
-0.000434 0.9897
(0.000210)
0.026
(0.008)
0.129
(0.075)
0.090
(0.022)
0.068
(0.015)
-0.814
(0.144)
-0.867
(0.091)
-1.335
(0.218)
-1.208
(0.103)
0.085
(0.002)
0.076
(0.010)
0.099
(0.011)
0.087
(0.011)
-0.000174
(0.000040)
0.000042
(0.000137)
-0.000223
(0.000160)
-0.000043
(0.000217)
0.9948
0.9740
0.9846
0.9797
c
r2
a
0.9938
0.9563
0.9866
0.9858
1
Table S1 (cont.)
date
altitude
No temperature sensitivity
Single Q10
model
(eqn. 1)
Q10
r2
Arrhenius model
(eqn. 2)
Ea
r2
kJ/mol
Mar 10
2110
Mar 10
1982
Mar 10
1910
Mar 10
Aug 10
Aug 10
1380
2110
1982
Aug 10
1910
Aug 10
1380
1.96
(0.03)
1.97
(0.02)
2.16
(0.13)
2.08
(0.07)
0.9917
1.94
(0.04)
2.01
(0.04)
2.15
(0.08)
1.97
(0.04)
0.9939
0.9799
0.9651
0.9728
0.9886
0.9973
0.9958
52.15
(1.18)
52.50
(0.61)
59.81
(5.13)
57.65
(2.68)
0.9949
50.90
(1.34)
55.00
(1.81)
60.17
(3.30)
53.16
(1.83)
0.9969
0.9839
0.9695
0.9756
0.9898
0.9972
0.9978
Temperature dependent component
Lloyd & Taylor 1994 model
(eqn. 3)
r2
Eo
To
K
K
2127.29
(0.09)
2127.29
(0.07)
2127.45
(0.24)
2127.61
(0.17)
127.46
(2.02)
128.44
(1.76)
137.80
(5.99)
135.34
(4.03)
0.9963
2127.22
(0.12)
2127.44
(0.15)
2127.72
(0.14)
2127.29
(0.14)
125.69
(2.78)
131.59
(3.57)
138.92
(4.31)
127.87
(3.38)
0.9983
Atkin et al. 2005b
model
(eqn. 4)
x
Y
r2
3.007 0.032 0.9983
(0.203) (0.006)
0.9869
3.685 0.053 0.9923
(0.388) (0.012)
0.9727
5.506 0.102 0.9854
(1.134) (0.034)
0.9770
3.537 0.045 0.9849
(0.589) (0.019)
2.813 0.027 0.9992
(0.115) (0.002)
0.9903
2.103 0.008 0.9943
(0.661) (0.016)
0.9964
2.498 0.010 0.9981
(0.405) (0.010)
0.9987
2.710 0.023 0.9990
(0.158) (0.003)
Polynomial fit
(eqn. 6)
a
b
c
r2
-0.813
(0.077)
-1.006
(0.167)
-1.061
(0.181)
-1.077
(0.162)
0.095
(0.002)
0.103
(0.011)
0.095
(0.016)
0.081
(0.009)
-0.000391
(0.000043)
-0.000465
(0.000195)
-0.000144
(0.000323)
-0.000035
(0.000141)
0.9967
-0.758
(0.098)
-0.863
(0.107)
-0.971
(0.246)
-1.401
(0.235)
0.100
(0.004)
0.094
(0.007)
0.084
(0.009)
0.109
(0.009)
-0.000522
(0.000046)
-0.000389
(0.000119)
-0.000154
(0.000120)
-0.000565
(0.000089)
0.9982
0.9854
0.9878
0.9883
0.9915
0.9957
0.9980
2
Figure S1. (a) Average monthly mean temperature (solid line), average monthly minimum and
maximum temperature (broken lines) and monthly rainfall (white bars) recorded at the Thredbo
weather station (altitude 1957 m); (b) mean daily temperature range for each site; (c-f) modelled
average monthly mean temperature (solid line) and average monthly minimum and maximum
temperature (broken lines) of the four sites along the Thredbo altitudinal gradient. Data in figs b-f
taken from WorldClim database (Hijmans et al. 2005). Arrows indicate sampling times at each site.
3
25
30/09/2009
20
26/02/2010
Temperature ( C)
18/03/2010
15
23/08/2010
10
5
0
-5
-10
Figure S2. Diurnal variations in air temperature at four dates on which leaves were sampled at
Thredbo. Data shown are from an official Bureau of Meterology weather station (1930 m asl).
Note the much larger diurnal temperature range observed in the summer sampling dates (26/2/2010
and 18/03/2010) compared to the winter sampling dates (30/09/2009 and 23/08/2010) together with
a much more rapid rise in air temperature in the early morning.
4
3.0
Leaf respiration
-2 -1
(mol CO2 m s )
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
Duration of storage in darkness (days)
Figure S3. Leaf respiration at 20°C in E. pauciflora measured on attached leaves (Day 0) that
were then removed and stored in darkness at 2°C for 4 days with repeat measurements of leaf
respiration at 20°C conducted each day (n = 4; ± S.E.). Respiration did not change
significantly with time (one-way ANOVA: d.f. = 4,15; F = 0.224; p = 0.921).
5
o
Leaf respiration
-2 -1
(mol CO2 m s )
6
o
50 C (air); 44 C (leaf)
55oC (air); 46oC (leaf)
a
a,b
b
b
4
b
b
b
b
2
0
0
25
50
75
Relative humidity (%)
Figure S4. Leaf respiration (R) of 3-year old potted E. pauciflora saplings recorded at
different relative humidities (RH) (0 to 75%) and different air temperatures (50 and 55°C)
which resulted in mean leaf temperatures (44 and 46°C, respectively). Leaves were exposed
to each T/RH treatment for 20 to 30 minutes prior to measurement of leaf R. (n = 4; ± S.E.).
Different letters indicate significant differences (post-hoc Tukey test: p < 0.05).
6
Figure S5. Modelled rates of leaf respiration for Eucalyptus pauciflora sampled along an
altitudinal transect from September 2009 to August 2010 (n=3-5; ± S.E.). The panels on the
left (A-D) show the data grouped by sampling time (seasonal variation) at each altitude. The
panels on the right (E-H) show the same data grouped by altitude for each sampling month.
Model fits were generated using polynomial fits to R-T curves (Eq. 5) over the 10-45°C
range.
Seasonal variation
Altitudinal variation
18
16
(E): Sep 09
(A): 2110 m
14
Sep 2009
Feb 2010
Mar 2010
Aug 2010
12
10
8
2110 m
1987 m
1910 m
1380 m
6
4
2
0
18
16
(B): 1987 m
(F): Feb 10
(C): 1910 m
(G): Mar 10
14
o
Modelled rates of leaf respiration (10-45 C)
-2 -1
(mol CO2 m s )
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
18
(D): 1380 m
(H): Aug 10
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
Leaf temperature (°C)
7
Figure S6. Modelled Q10 values for Eucalyptus pauciflora sampled along an altitudinal
transect from September 2009 to August 2010 (n=3-5; ± S.E.). The panels on the left (A-D)
show the data grouped by sampling time (seasonal variation) at each altitude. The panels on
the right show the same data grouped by altitude for each sampling month.
Seasonal variation
Altitudinal variation
3.0
(A): 2110 m
(E): Sep 09
Sep 2009
Feb 2010
Mar 2010
Aug 2010
2.5
2110 m
1987 m
1910 m
1380 m
2.0
1.5
3.0
(F): Feb 10
(B): 1987 m
Q10 of leaf respiration
2.5
2.0
1.5
3.0
(G): Mar 10
(C): 1910 m
2.5
2.0
1.5
3.0
(H): Aug 10
(D): 1380 m
2.5
2.0
1.5
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
Leaf temperature (°C)
8
Algebraic transformation for equation (8) in main paper:
Equation is a combination of the following equations that describe the temperature response
of R and Q10:
(S1)
(S2)
Equation S2 can be simplified further:
(S3)
Equations S1 and S3 are combined:
(S4)
This can be simplified since (ab)c = a(b*c)
(S5)
The coefficients within the brackets can be multiplied out:
(S6)
(S7)
(S8)
Equation S8 is identical to equation 8.
9