James Johanson
1st Period
Category: Food and Nutritional Supplements
Product Information:
Name: Hershey’s Chocolate Premium Cupcake
Mix
Description: A food that you mix up
with other ingredients and put in the oven
Ingredients: sweetened condensed skim
milk [skim milk, sugar, corn syrup], sugar,
water dextrose, hydrogenated palm kernel oil,
cocoa processed with alkali, butter [cream, salt],
modified potato starch, artificial flavor, cocoa,
cellulose gel, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, salt,
color added, DATEM, natural flavor, potassium
sorbate [preservative], xanthan gum, baking
soda.
Compound Information:
Compound 1- sweetened condensed skim milk
Molecular Formula: 41% sugar (sucrose), 31% moisture,
10.5% milk sugar (lactose), 8% fat, 8% proteins, 1.5% ash.
Organic
Summary: Sweetened condensed skim milk is created by
removing the moisture with a vacuum evaporator and causing it
to decrease half its original volume. Sugar is added as a
preservative before or during the concentration process. When
the sugar is added, there is so much of it, that it increases the
osmotic pressure and causes it to kill most microorganisms.
Therefore, no sterilization takes place after canning or
packaging.
Compound 2- sugar
Molecular Formula: C12H22O11
Organic
Summary: Sugar is a substance found in plants that is
used to sweeten food or make it less bitter. Sugar has been used
for about 400 years. It was first produced in India along with
other spices. It has sometimes been used in medicine and
things. In this case it is to give the product a sweet taste.
Compound 3- water dextrose
Molecular Formula: C6H12O6·H2O
Organic
Summary: Dextrose is a sugar usually obtained by
the hydrolysis of Starch. It contains one molecule of water
of hydration or is anhydrous. It is combined with water to
created water dextrose. Basically it is an aqueous solution of
dextrose which is a type of sugar.
Compound 4- hydrogenated palm kernel oil
Molecular Formula: 82% saturated fat, 18% unsaturated
fat
Inorganic
Summary: A product commonly used in baked goods,
it’s also very commonly found tropical oil. Palm kernel oil
comes from the seed or kernel of the oil palm fruit. When it’s
hydrogenated it changes from a liquid to a semi-solid by
bonding to a hydrogen atom.
Compound 5- cocoa
Molecular Formula- C7H8N4O2
Organic
Summary- Many people know cocoa as
chocolate, but really it isn’t chocolate until it’s
been sweetened so that it isn’t as bitter. This
comes from a plant commonly found in the
Amazon jungle and eaten by birds and other
creatures. It is picked and opened up to collect the
beans within the cacao.
Category: Healthcare and Medicinal Products
Product Information:
Name: Biotin
Description: Used to strengthen hair and nails
Ingredients: Dextrose, Cellulose & Ester Derivatives,
PVP, Artificial Flavor System (Cherry), Silica, Beet Root
Powder, Sucralose, Maltodextrin, Modified Foods Starch,
Gum Arabic, Tartaric Acid, Citric Acid.
Compound 1- Dextrose
Molecular Formula: C6H12O6
Organic
Summary:Dextrose is a sugar usually obtained by the
hydrolysis of Starch. It occasionally contains one molecule of
water of hydration or is anhydrous. When it ends in –ose it
means that it is a sugar like glucose or lactose. Dextrose is
highly used product whether it is in medicine or food.
Compound 2- Cellulose
Molecular Formula: C6H10O5
Organic
Summary: Cellulose is the most abundant
organic polymer on Earth. It is important in the
structure of the cell wall of a plant cell. It is mainly
used to create paper or cardstock, which makes you
question why it is found in this medicine. As a sugar, it
gives energy to the body. Naturally, we cannot digest
this molecule.
Compound 3- PVP
Molecular Formula: C6H9NO
Organic
Summary: PVP stands for polyvinylpyrrolidone. The
polymer PVP was used as a blood expander for trauma victims
after the 1950s. It goes right through the body, but the body does
collect nutrients that help hair to become strong. This cause makes
sense for biotin, since biotin’s use is to strengthen hair.
Compound 4- Silica
Molecular Formula: SiO2
Inorganic
Summary: Silica is a white crystal-like compound which
appears in many minerals such as quartz, sand, flint, agate, etc. It
is also used to manufacture so things like glass and concrete.
Silica is also called Silicon Dioxide; by referring to the formula
SiO2 we can determine that by using nomenclature.
Compound 5- Maltodextrin
Molecular Formula: C6nH(10n+2)O(5n+1)
Organic
Summary: Maltodextrin is used as a food additive that
is made from starch. It is easily digestible and isn’t known for
the nutrients that it gives. In biotin it is most likely used to
make the pills more food like and add to flavor or color. It
consists of glucose which makes it part sugar.
Category: Personal Hygiene and Cleaning Products
Product Information:
Name: Colgate Optic White
Description: Toothpaste… duh
Ingredients: Active- Sodium monofluorophosphate.
Inactive- calcium pyrophosphate, propylene glycol,
PEG/PPG 116/66 copolymer, PEG-12, glycerin, PVP,
flavor, sodium lauryl sulfate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate,
silica, hydrogen peroxide, sodium saccharin, phosphoric
acid, sucralose, butylated hydroxytoluene, water.
Compound 1- sodium monofluorophosphate
Molecular Formula: Na2PFO3
Inorganic
Summary: It can also be called MFP and, like salt, it is odorless,
colorless, and water-soluble. MFP is known to be in some toothpastes
because it helps to protect enamel from being attacked by bacteria. This
is also used in some medicine to treat osteoporosis
.
Compound 2- calcium pyrophosphate
Molecular Formula: Ca2P2O7
Inorganic
Summary: This chemical can be formed by compounding
pyrophosphoric acid and a calcium base, or by heating calcium
phosphate, hence the prefix pyro- which means fire. This is known
for being found in toothpaste as well. Studies show that it may
cause an arthritis condition called pseudogout.
Compound 3- propylene glycol
Molecular Formula: C3H8O2
Organic
Summary: It is a colorless, nearly odorless, clear,
viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste. It is used most of the
time, as an anti-freeze because it depresses the freezing
temperature of water. Propylene Glycol is a form of mineral
oil, an alcohol produced by fermentation of yeast and
carbohydrates.
Compound 4- glycerin
Molecular Formula: C3H8O3
Organic
Summary: Glycerin is also used as a medication that helps to
prevent dry skin or itchiness. In toothpaste I suspect it to do about the
same thing. Some of the other ingredients in the toothpaste might cause
dry skin or itchiness and that’s why I think they added that. Research can
be further taken to find the reason for this.
Compound 5- PVP
Molecular Formula: C6H9NO
Organic
Summary: PVP stands for polyvinylpyrrolidone. The
polymer PVP was used as a blood expander for trauma victims
after the 1950s. It goes right through the body, but the body does
collect nutrients that help to kill bacteria in your mouth. This
would make sense if the ingredient is in toothpaste.