1 Appendix S1. Supporting Methods. 2 3’ RACE analysis of pri-miR165a 3 We determined the 3’ end of pri-miR165a by 3’ RACE. One microgram of total RNA 4 was treated with DNase I (Life technologies, Carlsbad, CA). The DNase-treated RNA 5 was used in the reverse transcription (RT) with the SuperScript® III First-Strand 6 Synthesis 7 (5’-GACTCGAGTCGACATCGATTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT-3’) as the RT primer. The 8 cDNA samples were used in the PCR reaction with AmpliTaq Gold® PCR Master Mix 9 (Life technologies), and pre-165a-F (5’-GGATATTATAGATATATACATGTG-3’) and 10 ADP (5’-GACTCGAGTCGACATCGA-3’) were used as the PCR primers. The PCR 11 products were cloned into the pT7 Blue vector (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany), 12 and the nucleotide sequences were determined. The 3’ end of the pre-miR165a was 13 located 365 bases from the 5’ end, and the full-length pri-miR165a was 494 bases with 14 no introns (Figure S4a). System (Life technologies), and we used the ADT oligomer 15 16 Cloning of MIR165Amu fragments having different lengths of the 3’ region 17 The primer sequences that were used to construct the MIR165Amu fragments having 18 different lengths of the 3’ region are listed in Table S4. The 3’-region-less MIR165Amu 19 fragments were amplified from the MIR165Amu fragment using the primer sets as 20 follows: for MIR165Amu(241), SalI-165A(-)3927-F and 165A(+)241-BamHI-R; for 21 MIR165Amu(365), 22 MIR165Amu(496), 23 MIR165Amu(628), SalI-165A(-)3927-F and 165A(+)628-SmaI-R. The fragments that 24 were digested by restriction enzymes were ligated into the multi-cloning site of pBIN40 25 binary vectors (Miyashima et al., 2011). All of the constructs were introduced into the 26 35S:miGFP-M line by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method as described 27 in the text. SalI-165A(-)3927-F SalI-165A(-)3927-F and and 165A(+)365-SmaI-R; 165A(+)496-SmaI-R; for and for 28 29 30 References for Supporting information 31 Miyashima, 32 Non-cell-autonomous microRNA165 acts in a dose-dependent manner to regulate 33 multiple differentiation status in the Arabidopsis root. Development 138, 2303-2313. S., Koi, S., Hashimoto, 1 T. and Nakajima, K. (2011) 1 2 Xie,, Z.X., Allen, E., Fahlgren, N., Calamar, A., Givan, S.A. and Carrington, J.C. 3 (2005) Expression of Arabidopsis MIRNA genes. Plant Physiol. 138, 2145-2154 4 5 Yao, X.Z., Wang, H., Li, H., Yuan, Z.H., Li, F.P., Yang, L. and Huang H. (2009) Two 6 types of cis-acting elements control the abaxial epidermis-specific transcription of the 7 MIR165a and MIR166a genes. FEBS Lett. 583, 3711-3717 8 9 10 2