The Development of Young Goalkeepers
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The Development of Young Goalkeepers Taking into consideration the psychomotor (physical issues), the cognitive (learning) issues, and the psychosocial issues of a growing child, the introduction of goalkeepers at too early an age is not appropriate. For the Pre-Operation Stage of Development, which is 5 – 7 years old, goalkeeping must not be a part of the game. Hands may be used in lead up games to develop the psychomotor skills of the child. There will be cases children may like to play goalkeeper and some will not. Special attention, though, must be accorded to the anxiety or nervousness experienced by children at these ages. The technique will be merely picking up the ball (basic catching for those who can) and, occasionally falling to the ground to make a save for balls close to the body. Distribution are just throwing and kicking without, in most cases, tactical sense. It is just to clear the ball away from the goal. It is encouraged that all players at this age should be trained as field players. Hence, the following outline should be taken as a guiding continuum in the development of young goalkeepers. Age 6-7 Years Old Discovery Phase - experimental in all playing positions. Age 8-9 Years Old Small side games (7 v 7) Physical: Game Oriented Balance Build hand eye coordination Technical - Use SAP Goalkeeper Modules (Ball Familirisation, GK Movement, Catching, GK Gymnastics) Set position General handling techniques (thrown service, all heights, small goal). ‘W’, Cup and Scoop Footwork Distribution Control and short passing Rolling to a team-mate Introduction of volleying from hands Tactical BP - Basic game re-starts BPO - Prevent goals Conditioning Warm-up, cool down Introduction to basic stretching Ball familiarity – size 3 Psychological Fun and enjoyable Simple progression in techniques – “One Step at a Time” Age 10 – 11 Years Old Skill Acquisition Phase Skill Acquisition 9 v 9 Physical Height / weight (Jan/May/September) Balance Coordination Rhythm Technical - Use SAP Modules Set position General handling techniques - thrown, introduction to kicked service, all heights Positional play - introduction to “into and down the line””, small goal Basic diving techniques - general principles Dealing with crosses - thrown service and kicked service Distribution First touch and short passing with both feet Rolling and introduction to over arm throws to team-mates Volleying from hands Short goal kicks 1v1 - basic principles “Quality not Quantity” Tactical BP - Functional game skills, limited tactical, introduction as supporting player BPO - Positional awareness in relation to ball, Transition - Positional awareness in relation to the ball, Conditioning Warm-up/cool down The importance of stretching Ball familiarity (size 4 – flexibility and mobility) Psychological Simple progression in techniques – set standards Theoretical – group work (what qualities does a GK need?) Fun, enjoyable Age 12-13 Years Old Skill Acquisition - 11v11 Physical Height / weight (Jan/April/July/October) Footwork Balance Coordination Rhythm Tempo Flexibility Mobility Multi-Directions Speed 15 meters maximum Technical - 4 Core GK Skills Set position General handling techniques – all heights Shot stopping (decision making, techniques of catching and deflecting) Narrowing the angle (into line and down the line) Diving techniques (collapsing save, introduction to power saves) Basic practices to improve reactions Dealing with crosses Thrown or chipped serve Unopposed Catching/punching Distribution Playing out from the back Importance of support/availability Control and increased range of passing – both feet All techniques of throwing Introduction to goal kicks/volleying/ to side volleying 1v1 “Quality not Quantity” Tactical BP - Distances of support, communication (terminology) BPO - communication Game related situations – Small Sided Games – decision making Conditioning Warm up / cool down Goalkeeping related stretching, flexibility, mobility exercises Introduction to anaerobic fitness (high intensity) Psychological Motivational/technical videos and talks – 15 minutes maximum “The Full Size Goal” – Dealing with the problems that will arise. Match and training preparation Growth and development: diet and nutrition: lifestyle Dealing with assessment/selection/trials Dealing with praise/criticism Simple progression - building blocks. Age 14-15 Years Old Game Training Phase Game Training- 11 v 11 Physical Height/weight (Jan/ Mar//July/September/November) Body fat – individuals (NEW!!) Balance, coordination, rhythm, tempo – all directions Speed – 20 meters maximum Technical Footwork/set position/general handling techniques All diving techniques – collapse/step and save/step power and save/backward save) Narrowing the angle - triangle theory Shot stopping/catch or deflect/recovery saves Intermediate practices to improve reactions Dealing with crosses Serves from all areas – introduction to opposed Working within the defensive unit Functional/small sided game/game training 1v 1 Distribution Playing out from the back Angles and distances of support Communication/control – first touch/both feet Position of team mates/selection/best option Quality of pass/readjustment of position Variation of pass Goal kicks drill and wedge/volleys/side volleys Improved range/variation in throwing techniques) Seminar work - videos-training/matches – feedback Tactical Key issues in distances of support - attacking/middle/defensive thirds Communication – instructional Game related situations - small sided games/game training/11 v 11 Organization - defending set plays – corners and free kicks Conditioning Stretching, flexibility, mobility and strengthening exercises Introduction to agility exercises - low intensity/low repetitions Anaerobic fitness - repetitive GK actions Introduction to basic plyometric’s – theory Psychological Motivational talks/videos – 15 minutes maximum Group discussions/presentations Training/match preparation Lifestyle/discipline Living away from home Dealing with competition: trials Physical confrontation Dealing with praise and criticism – internal/external Dealing with failure Age 16 – 21 Years Old Performance Phase Game Performance - 11 v 11 Physical Height/weight (weekly) Body fat (monthly) Balance/coordination/rhythm/tempo Speed - 20 meters maximum Technical Footwork/set position/general handling techniques All diving techniques – collapse/step/step and save/step, power and save/ backwards Narrowing the angle (triangle theory) Shot stopping/catch or deflect/recovery saves Advanced reaction practices Dealing with crosses Opposed Working within the defensive unit Functional/small sided games/game training Distribution Playing out from the back Angles and distance of support Communication/control – first touch/both feet Position of team mates Selection – best option Timing, weight and accuracy of pass Readjustment of position Improved range/accuracy of passing – all techniques Improved range of throwing techniques – best options Tactical Key issues in the distances of support - attacking/middle/defensive thirds Communication – instructional Game related situations - small sided games/game training/11v11 Organization – defending set plays – corners/free kicks Problem solving Conditioning Goalkeeping related stretching/flexibility and mobility Agility – medium intensity – low repetitions Plyometric’s – understanding – techniques – progressions Explosiveness of GK actions Quick recovery between GK actions Introduction to weight training Psychological Psychological sessions/discussions on the importance of: Application/attitude “Coachability” – the ability to take on board information Composure/temperament/dealing with pressure Concentration Confidence Consistency Courage – physical/mental Criticism – internal/external Desire/determination/winning mentality Presence Goal setting/imagery Patience – “Lack of Opportunity”
