OIE Collaborating Centre Reports
Activities in 2013
Title of Collaborating Centre:
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and
Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Address of Collaborating Centre:
National Veterinary Services Laboratories and
Center for Veterinary Biologics, 1920 Dayton Avenue,
Ames, Iowa 50010
Tel.:
+1-515-337-6100; +1-515-337-7266
Fax:
+1-515-337-6316; +1-515-337-7397
e-mail address:
website:
Name of Director of Institute
(Responsible Official):
Paul.J.Hauer@aphis.usda.gov; cvb@aphis.usda.gov
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/lab_info_services
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/vet_biologics/
Steven A. Karli, Acting Director
Center for Veterinary Biologics, STAS, VS, APHIS,
USDA
Dr. Paul J. Hauer
Associate Director, National Veterinary Services
Laboratories, STAS, VS, APHIS, USDA
Name (including Title and
Position) of Head of the
Collaborating Centre (formally
OIE Contact Point):
Name (including Title and
Position) of writer of this report
(if different from above)
Steven A. Karli, Acting Director
Center for Veterinary Biologics, VS, APHIS, USDA
Dr. Paul J. Hauer
Associate Director, National Veterinary Services
Laboratories, STAS, VS, APHIS, USDA
Dr. Beth Harris
Chief of Staff, National Veterinary Services
Laboratories, STAS, VS, APHIS, USDA
Beth.N.Harris@aphis.usda.gov
Ms. Chelsea J. Bare,
Staff Assistant, VS, APHIS, USDA
Chelsea.J.Bare@aphis.usda.gov
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
1
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Summary of activities specifically related to the mandate of
OIE Collaborating Centres
ToR:
To provide services to the OIE, in particular within the region, in the designated
specialty, in support of the implementation of OIE policies and, where required, seek for
collaboration with OIE Reference Laboratories
ToR:
To identify and maintain existing expertise, in particular within its region
1.
Activities as a centre of research, expertise, standardisation and dissemination of
techniques within the remit of the mandate given by the OIE
Disease control
Epidemiology, surveillance, risk assessment, modelling
Training, capacity building
Zoonoses
Wildlife
Avian diseases
Aquatic animal diseases
Animal welfare
Diagnosis, biotechnology and laboratory
Veterinary medicinal products
Vaccines
Food safety
Feed safety
Other (Name the category:
)
DIAGNOSIS, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LABORATORY
Title of activity
Scope
Diagnostic activities for
Aujesky’s Disease
[Pseudorabies (PRV)]
Testing for Ajueszky’s Disease was completed on 553 samples originating
within the United States (US) using gB ELISA, gI ELISA, Autolex and Virus
Neutralization (VN), and 41 samples of international origin using the same
test methods. Virus Isolation (VI) and PCR testing was completed on an
additional 20 samples from the US and 41 international samples.
The NVSL also produced the following reagents and proficiency test panels
which were supplied to OIE Member Countries: PRV virus and positive control
sera for VN, antisera for various serology tests, fluorescent antibody (FA)
conjugate, and proficiency panels for latex agglutination, gB ELISA, gI ELISA,
and VN test methods.
Diagnostic activities for
Avian Influenza Virus
(AIV) and Newcastle
Disease (ND)
Diagnostic testing for AIV and ND was completed on 31,310 samples of
national origin using the indirect test methods of agar gel immunodiffusion
(AGID) Hemagglutination (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) antibody
subtype identification for AIV, and HI antibody identification for avian
paramyxovirus (APMV). Another 247 samples of international origin were
tested by AGID for AIV. NVSL tested another 27,807 diagnostic samples of
domestic origin using the direct test methods of HI and NI virus subtype
identification, real-time RT-PCR for IAV, ND and APMV; and virus isolation
(VI), genomic sequencing and pathogenicity testing for AIV and APMV. A total
of 78 samples of international origin were also tested using these techniques.
Reagents produced and provided to OIE Member countries included; positive
control antigens and type antisera for AIV HI testing; positive and negative
control sera and antigen for AGID testing, IAV matrix gene and APMV-1
matrix gene positive amplification and extraction controls for real-time PCR,
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
H5 and H7 gene real-time PCR positive amplification controls, APMV-1 control
positive antigen and positive antisera for HI testing.
Two proficiency tests were also produced; a real-time RT PCR panel and an
AGID proficiency test.
NVSL also provided diagnostic support for three OIE Member countries, and
tested a total of 221 samples for routine diagnostic testing, and another 9
samples for confirmatory diagnosis.
Diagnostic activities for
Anthrax
A total of 9 samples were submitted to the NVSL for bacteriological culture in
2013, with all samples originating within the U.S.
Gamma phage was also produced and distributed to OIE Member Countries
for use in the gamma phage lysis diagnostic test method.
Diagnostic activities for
bluetongue virus (BTV)
In the US, 697 diagnostic specimens were tested for BTV via indirect test
methods [competitive ELISA, AGID, complement fixation (CF) and VN], and
another 835 samples were screened using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR
(real-time RT-PCR), nested RT-PCR, and VI.
Another 102 international samples were screened by the above direct
methods and 232 international samples were screened using real-time RTPCR, nested RT-PCR, VI, and sheep inoculation.
Reagents produced were strong and weak positive reference sera; fluorescent
antibody conjugate, Bluetongue virus antiserum for VN, ELISA and AGID (
serotype specific), multiple serotypes of bluetongue stock virus for VN assays,
various serotypes for BTV RNA for PCR testing, and a BTV proficiency panel
consisting of 20 serum samples for AGID and ELISA methods.
Diagnostic testing was carried out for two OIE Member Countries on a total of
27 samples.
Diagnostic activities for
contagious equine
metritis (CEM)
In 2013 the US tested a total of 1588 samples of domestic origin and 551
samples of international origin using the CF indirect diagnostic test. Another
1167 tests were performed on domestic samples and 1139 tests performed
on international samples using the direct methods of culture and
identification, identity confirmation and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Also in 2013 NVSL produced and provided the following reagents to OIE
Member Countries: growth media for CEM (Eugon Agar and other selective
agars), CEM high titer control sera for CF testing, CEM control strains for use
in identification protocols, a culture and identification proficiency panel, and
a CF test ring trial panel.
NVSL provided diagnostic consulting to two OIE Member Countries in the
form of consultation on the PFGE test.
Diagnostic activities for
Eastern equine
encephalomyelitis (EEE)
Within the United States (US), a total of 3096 indirect diagnostic tests [CF,
hemagglutination inhibition (HI), Plaque Reduction Neutralization (PRN) and
IgM Capture ELISA] were performed for EEE, and 66 diagnostic tests
performed using RT-PCR. 124 indirect diagnostic tests and 3 direct diagnostic
tests were performed on international diagnostic samples using the same
methods.
NVSL provided diagnostic assistance for five separate OIE Member countries,
testing a total of 17 samples submitted during 2013.
Reagents supplied to recipient OIE Member countries included EEE virus
antigen and antiserum, and normal cell culture antigen for CF, HI and ELISA.
EEE equine IgM antiserum for the IgM Capture ELISA test method was also
provided.
Diagnostic activities for
equine infectious
anaemia (EIA)
3,135 diagnostic tests for EIA were performed nationally during 2013, using
AGID, ELISA and Immunoblotting. Another 9,382 diagnostic tests were
performed for international clients.
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Reagents produced include: strong positive, weak positive and negative
reference sera for AGID, ELISA and competitive ELISA (cELISA); and an EIA
proficiency panel consisting of 20 serum samples for AGID, ELISA and cELISA.
Diagnostic testing for diagnostic support was conducted on 170 additional
samples for four different OIE Member Countries.
Diagnostic activities for
foot and mouth disease
(FMD)
A total of 352 indirect tests [ELISA, agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)] and 923
direct tests [cell cultures, real-time RT PCRs] were performed for diagnostic
purposes for foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus on samples originating
within the U.S. An additional 18 diagnostic samples of international origin
were screened for the detection of FMD using the previously mentioned
indirect tests, and 130 international samples were tested using the direct
methods listed.
Diagnostic testing for diagnostic support was conducted on 9 additional
samples for one OIE Member Country.
NVSL produced, distributed and evaluated a proficiency test for FMD to 43
participant laboratories in the U.S. Additionally, reagents FMD PCR tests were
supplied to 1 OIE Member Country.
Diagnostic activities for
Leptospira
In 2013, the NVSL performed 5,867 tests [Leptospira microscopic
agglutination test (MAT)] for detection of Leptospira sp. on samples from the
US, and another 150 tests on international samples.
The following diagnostic reagents were produced and supplied to other OIE
Member Countries; reference positive and negative control sera for MAT,
reference cultures for MAT, multivalent fluorescent antibody conjugate, and
Leptospira culture media.
Diagnostic activities for
Swine influenza virus
(SIV)
A total of 82 HI serology tests were performed on samples originating outside
of the US, and another 319 samples originating in the U.S. were tested by
direct methods [RT-PCR, VI and sequencing].
The NVSL produced and provided the following products to support OIE
diagnostic testing activities in Member Countries: SIV H1N1 virus, antigen and
antiserum; H3N2 virus, antigen, and antiserum; FA conjugate; PCR positive
controls; PCR proficiency panels; and field isolates from surveillance testing.
Diagnostic activities for
Venezuelan equine
encephalomyelitis (VEE)
A total of 521 diagnostic samples originating within the US were tested by
indirect methods for VEE, using the same tests described above for EEE, and
another 103 diagnostic samples of international origin were tested. Three
direct diagnostic tests were performed on samples of international origin
using RT-PCR.
Diagnostic reagents for VEE that were produced and supplied to recipient OIE
Member Countries in 2013 were VEE virus antigen and antiserum for
performing the HI, DF, ELISA and PRN test methods.
Five OIE Member Countries requested assistance with diagnostic support for
VEE, and the NVSL tested 19 samples as part of this support.
Diagnostic activities for
Vesicular Stomatitis
Virus (VSV)
5,854 samples of national origin were tested for VSV using indirect methods
of cELISA, CF and VN in2013; another 558 samples of international origin
were tested for diagnostic purposes using the same methods. Another 1016
samples of national origin were tested for diagnostic purposes using the
direct diagnostic methods of VI, PCR and antigen capture ELISA.
The NVSL also produced reagents for VN and CF that were distributed to
several OIE Member Countries. Reagents include complement, modifying
factor, normal mouse brain antigen, VSV antigens, and positive and negative
control sera for NJ and IN strains of VSV, plus positive and negative control
sera and viruses for both NJ and IN VSV VN test methods. A total of 15
proficiency panels for the VSV-CF serology test and 2 proficiency panels for
VSV-VN test were provided to laboratories within the U.S, and 2 additional
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
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VSV-VN test panels provided to 2 OIE Member Countries. No proficiency
panels were produced in 2013.
One OIE Member Country also requested assistance in the form of diagnostic
testing of 9 samples for VSV.
Diagnostic activities for
Western equine
encephalomyelitis (WEE)
In 2013, NVSL tested 2030 diagnostic samples from the US via the indirect
methods of CF, HI and PRN, and another 70 samples of international origin
using the same assays. A total of 44 diagnostic samples were tested using the
direct diagnostic method of RT-PCR from the US, and 3 international samples.
WEE virus antigen and antiserum reagents were produced and provided to
OIE Member Countries for use in HI, CF or ELISA testing.
Five OIE Member Countries requested assistance with diagnostic support for
WEE, and the NVSL tested 17 samples as part of this support.
Diagnostic activities for
West Nile Virus (WNV)
During 2013, the NVSL performed 2041 indirect diagnostic tests [equine IgM
capture ELISA, PRN, VN] on samples of domestic origin and another 624
indirect tests for samples originating from other countries. For direct
diagnostic tests, another 61 RT-PCR tests were performed on domestic
samples, and 4 RT-PCR tests done on international samples.
NVSL produced the following reagents that were also supplied to OIE Member
Countries: WNV RNA for PCR controls, WNV negative, equine IgM low
positive, and equine capture IgM antisera for IgM capture ELISAs, antisera for
the PRN and VN assays, and an equine IgM ELISA proficiency panel consisting
of 10 serum samples/panel.
NVSL provided diagnostic assistance to six OIE Member Countries and tested
a total of 47 samples for WNV.
VACCINES
Title of activity
Scope
VICH Steering
Committee Meeting
February 19-21, attended the 28th International Cooperation on
Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary
Medicinal Products (VICH) Steering Committee, in Washington, DC, as the
U.S. delegation representing the USDA on issues related to veterinary
biologics.
Visit with Delegates
from the People’s
Republic of China
On March 21, representatives from NVSL and CVB met with visitors from the
People’s Republic of China, as part of a visit coordinated by Iowa’s
International Center, International Visitor Leadership Program. The purpose
of the visit is to learn more about NVSL and CVB program missions, and the
support they offer the OIE.
Facilitated Transfer of
Donated Classical Swine
Fever Virus
The CVB participated with the National Veterinary Stockpile to facilitate the
movement of Classical Swine Fever Vaccine from Germany, through Miami
International Airport, to Guatemala for use in their control program.
Visit with Delegates
from Indonesia’s Agency
of Drug and Food
Control
On May 6, several representatives from the Indonesian National Agency of
Drug and Food Control met with delegates from the CVB and NVSL to discuss
the roles of U.S. Federal agencies in food and product safety regulation and
supervision, as well as aspects of risk management, mitigation, evaluation,
resolution and communication.
National Vaccine
Advisory Committee
attendance
Attended several meetings of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee in
Washington, DC. The committee’s function is to encourage the availability of
adequate supplies of safe and effective vaccination products, recommend
research priorities, identify areas of government and non-government
cooperation, provide direction to prevent adverse reactions to vaccines, and
recommend measures to achieve optimal prevention of human infectious
disease through vaccine development.
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
American Veterinary
Medical Association
Council on Biologics and
Therapeutic Agents
Attended both semi-annual meetings of the council, to discuss and provide
information on current and emerging biologics issues.
ToR:
To propose or develop methods and procedures that facilitate harmonisation of
international standards and guidelines applicable to the designated specialty
2.
Proposal or development of any procedure that will facilitate harmonisation of
international regulations applicable to the surveillance and control of animal diseases,
food safety or animal welfare
6
Proposal title
Scope/Content
Applicable area
Validation of In
Vitro Alternatives
Attended workshop on Validation
of In Vitro Alternatives for InProcess Control of Veterinary
Clostridial Vaccines, to determine
details of collaborative study to
validate cell-based assays as
alternatives to the currently used
in vivo assays for C. septicum
toxins and toxoids.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Animal Influenza
Viruses Gap
Analysis and
Countermeasure
Workshop
Attended the National Veterinary
Stockpile Animal Influenza
Viruses Gap Analysis and
Countermeasures Assessment
Workshop in Athens, GA, USA.
An international group of experts
on animal influenza virus met to
conduct a gap analysis and assess
countermeasures to effectively
control and mitigate the impact
of an outbreak of an animal
influenza virus with zoonotic
and/or pandemic potential.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Pharmacovigilance
Program
Implementation
Attended pharmacovigilance
workshop with the Animal Health
Institute and the U.S. Food and
Drug Administration, Center for
Veterinary Medicine, to discuss
data evaluation and signal
detection association with
pharmacovigilance data analysis.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Pharmacovigilance
Program
Implementation
Met with representatives of the
U.S. pharmaceutical and
biological industry, as well as U.S.
regulatory authorities, to learn
about the management of
adverse event reporting using the
pharmacovigilance software
application, PV-Works.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Foreign Animal
Disease Gap
Analysis and
Attended workshop on
Evaluation and Gap Analysis for
Border Protection for Foreign
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Countermeasure
Workshop
Animal Diseases. The workshop
addressed issues of improving
measures to protect U.S.
agriculture from accidental or
intentional introduction of
foreign animal diseases.
Animal welfare
Intra-governmental
Advisory
Committee for
Strategic Steering
(IGACSS)
Attended the National Veterinary
Stockpile IGACSS meeting in
Riverdale, Maryland. The
purpose of the IGACSS meeting is
to identify progress made
towards the preparedness in
combating a foreign animal
disease outbreak in the U.S and
facilitate future developments.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Optimization and
Validation of a
Real-time RT-PCR
Assay for Rapid
Detection of Footand-Mouth Disease
Virus in Bulk Tank
Milk
Development of a sensitive and
specific test suitable for passive
or active surveillance of bulk tank
milk samples.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Modification of H5
real-time RT-PCR to
detect Mexican
lineage of H5 avian
Influenza
Developed new primers and
probes for an H5 subtyping assay
to detect the Mexican lineages of
H5 avian influenza A virus.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Evaluation of
commercial swine
influenza virus RNA
test kit for
licensure in avian
species.
The VetMax-Gold SIV Detection
Kit targets Influenza A viruses,
but is licensed only for swine
species in the U.S. This study is
evaluating its use in avian
species.
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Improved
diagnostics for the
detection of H7
viruses
Testing for updated Eurasianspecific H7 assay
Surveillance and control of animal diseases
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
Food safety
Animal welfare
ToR:
To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres designated
for the same specialty, and should the need arise, with Collaborating Centres in other
disciplines
ToR:
To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with
other centres, laboratories or organisations
3.
Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres
(CC), Reference Laboratories (RL), or organisations designated for the same specialty, to
coordinate scientific and technical studies?
Yes
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Name of OIE CC/RL/other
organisation(s)
4.
Location
Purpose
Pirbright Institute;
European Union Reference
Laboratories (EURL), FAO
World Reference Laboratory
(WRL)
UK
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Optimization and validation of a realtime RT-PCR assay for rapid detection
of FMD bulk tank milk samples.
Development and validation of an RNA
extraction method and multiplex RTqPCR for detection of FMDV in bulk
tank milk suitable for surveillance in the
dairy industry.
USDA Agricultural Research
Services (ARS) South East
Poultry Research Laboratory
(SEPRL); USDA APHIS
National Wildlife Disease
Program
Athens, GA,
USA; Fort
Collins, CO,
USA
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Collaboration on Newcastle disease
surveillance program. Samples that
were test positive for Influenza A or
Newcastle disease were submitted to
NVSL for PCR and virus isolation.
SEPRL, Friedrich-LoefflerInstitut (FLI)
Athens, GA,
USA;
Germany
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
As part of a One Health Diagnostic
Collaboration on avian influenza
A(H7N9) between USDA & the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), a human-origin avian influenza
A(H7N9) virus [A/Anhui/1/2013] was
shared with CDC from China, and
subsequently shared with animal health
partners at the NVSL and SEPRL. The
virus was propagated and pathotyped
and in a cooperative effort working
with national partners such as the
SEPRL as well as international influenza
reference laboratories an updated
Eurasian-specific H7 assay was
developed.
Did your Collaborating Centre maintain a network with other OIE Collaborating Centres,
Reference laboratories, or organisations in other disciplines, to coordinate scientific and
technical studies?
Yes
Name of OIE CC/RL/other
organisation(s)
8
Region of
networking
Centre
No
Location
Region of
networking
Centre
Purpose
Pan American Centre for
Foot-and-Mouth
Disease/Pan American
Health Organization
(PANAFTOSA)
Rio de
Janeiro,
Brazil
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Evaluation of FMD 01 Campos vaccine
protection against the FMD 01 Ecuador.
Australian National Quality
Assurance Program
Australia
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Participation in quality system accreditation
Leptospira microscopic agglutination test
proficiency test.
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Pirbright Institute (AHVLA),
Bury St., Edmonds
Pirbright,
UK
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Participation in inter-laboratory test
comparison for contagious equine metritis.
Pirbright,
UK
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Participation in the annual foot-and-mouth
disease (FMD) and swine vesicular disease
(SVD) combined proficiency test scheme
(PTS).
Canadian Food Inspection
Agency (CFIA), AHVLA,
Australian Animal Health
Laboratory (AAHL), NVSL,
Istitutio Zooprofilattico
Sperimentale delle Venezie
(IZSV), Hokkaido UniversityJapan, Indian Veterinary
Research Institute (IVRI), FLI,
SEPRL
Canada,
England,
Australia,
USA, Italy,
Japan,
India,
Germany
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Avian influenza ring trial for molecular
detection and pathotyping of H5 and H7
subtypes of avian influenza.
CFIA
Winnipeg,
Canada
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Harmonization of diagnostic tests for the
detection of avian influenza virus and the
evaluation of a new rRT-PCR assay for the
detection of H5 AIV.
CFIA
Winnipeg,
Canada
Africa
Americas
Asia and Pacific
Europe
Middle East
Proficiency testing for avian influenza AGID
test, harmonization of antibody detection
AHVLA
European Union Reference
Laboratories (EURL), FAO
World Reference Laboratory
(WRL)
ToR:
To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE.
5.
Did your Collaborating Centre place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?
Yes
No
Name of expert
Kind of consultancy
Subject
Multiple NVSL and CVB
representatives
Review of chapters
Review and comment on chapters in
OIE Manual of Standards for
Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for
Terrestrial Animals.
Mr. Steve Karli
Official USDA delegate for the
Committee of the Americas for the
Harmonization of Registration and
Control of Veterinary Medicines
(CAMEVET) in Panama City, Panama,
September 24-28.
Information on the USDA biologics
program activities.
Dr. Byron Rippke
Attended the 29th Meeting of the VICH
Steering Committee in Auckland, New
Zealand, as part of the U.S. delegation
representing the USDA on issues related
to veterinary biologics.
VICH steering committee issues
regarding veterinary biologics.
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10
Name of expert
Kind of consultancy
Subject
Dr. Sabrina Swenson
Subject matter expertise
Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) diagnostic
test reagent and proficiency test
availability; technical assistance with
reagents for hemagglutination
inhibition testing for SIV; Vesicular
stomatitis virus (VSV) diagnostic test
reagent availability, technical
assistance on diagnostic methods for
VSV.
Dr. Bev Schmitt
Member of the OIE Biological Standards
Commission
Review of matters pertaining to
diagnosis, recognition, epidemiology
and control measures of diseases at
OIE Reference Laboratories and
Collaboration Centres.
Dr. Bev Schmitt
Member of the FAO-OIE Rinderpest
Joint Advisory Committee
Committee overviews Rinderpest
post-eradication activities, including
destruction and sequestration of
Rinderpest virus stocks and the review
and approval of laboratories
designated to serve as future holding
facilities.
Dr. Matt Erdman
Subject matter expertise
Consultation on contagious equine
metritis molecular epidemiology
techniques.
Ms. Ginger Harvey
Subject matter expertise
Provided expert advice and standard
operating procedures on biosafety
level 3 (BSL3) laboratory facilities for
anthrax.
Dr. Consuelo Carrillo
Technical training and consultancy
Foot-and-mouth disease diagnostic
protocols and test methodology,
analysis of epidemiological data.
Ms. Jan Pedersen
OIE twinning project with Chile
Provided expert advice on biosafety
level 2 (BSL2) and biosafety level 3
(BSL3) laboratory and animal facilities,
conduction of the Avian Influenza (AI)
AGID test, and AI and Newcastle
disease nucleotide sequencing.
Ms. Jan Pedersen
Training
Training on avian influenza virus (AIV)
and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)
validation procedures and methods
and data evaluation for the validation
of rRT-PCR assays Training event held
at the NVSL in Ames, IA, USA on Jun 37, 2013.
Dr. Mia Torchetti
Subject matter expertise
Expertise in monitoring, laboratory
policy, global/regional networking,
and novel influenza viruses.
Dr. Nichole Hines
Training
Training for AIV and NDV validation
procedures and methods; held at the
LAVECEN, Dominican Republic, August
26-30, 2013.
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
ToR:
To provide, within the designated specialty, scientific and technical training to personnel
from OIE Member Countries
6.
Did your Collaborating Centre provide scientific and technical training, within the remit of
the mandate given by the OIE, to personnel from OIE Member Countries?
Yes
No
If the answer is yes, please provide the total number of trained persons for each of the following
categories:
a)
Technical visits: ................................................................ 63
b)
Seminars: ......................................................................... 24
c)
Hands-on training courses: .............................................. 81
d)
Internships (>1 month): ...................................................
Type of technical
training provided
(a, b, c or d)
Content
Country of origin of the
expert(s) provided with
training
No. participants from
the corresponding
country
a
Exchange of technical information
on veterinary biologics licensing
Japan
3
a
Participated on technical working
group to develop diagnostic and
control strategies for the U.S. and
Canada for Pseudorabies, Rift
Valley Fever, and Classical Swine
Fever
Canada
~ 50
c
Institute for International
Cooperation in Animal Biologics
(IICAB), OIE Veterinary Biologics
Training Program (also listed in
item 7)
16 different countries of
origin
32
a
Technical training provided on
protocols for diagnostic sequencing
of FMD isolates
Kazakhstan
10
b
Seminars covering technical aspects
of FMD diagnostic test methods
Kazakhstan
24
c
Hand’s on training in diagnostic
techniques for viral diseases,
emphasizing foot-and-mouth
disease
Kazakhstan
7
c
Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic
Training courses
16 different countries of
origin
35
c
Training for AIV and NDV validation
procedures and methods
Dominican Republic
6
c
Training on avian influenza virus
(AIV) and Newcastle disease virus
(NDV) validation procedures and
methods and data evaluation for
the validation of rRT-PCR assays
Brazil
1
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Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
ToR:
To organise and participate in scientific meetings and other activities on behalf of the
OIE
7.
Did your Collaborating Centre organise or participate in the organisation of scientific
meetings on behalf of the OIE?
Yes
National/
International
No
Title of event
Co-organiser
Date
(mm/yy)
Location
No.
Participants
International
Institute for
International
Cooperation in Animal
Biologics (IICAB), OIE
Veterinary Biologics
Training Program
IICAB, OIE
May 2013
Iowa, U.S.
127,
including 32
international
from 16
different
countries
International
COSALFA 40 Meetings
COSALFA
April 15- 19,
2013
Panama
City,
Panama
unknown
International
OFFLU Swine Influenza
Virus Group Meeting
OIE, FAO
April 16-17,
2013
Rome, Italy
25
International
International FMD
Vaccine Strategic
Reserves Conference
OIE, FAO
October,
2013
N/A
11
International
Joint ECDC/WHO
European Regional
Influenza Surveillance
Meeting
WHO, OIE, FAO
May, 2013
Istanbul,
Turkey
Unknown
International
World Health
Organization (WHO)
Working Group Meeting
on PCR Protocols for the
Detection of Subtype
Influenza A Viruses
WHO
July 2-3,
2013
Geneva,
Switzerland
Unknown
(teleconference)
ToR:
To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate data and information relevant to
the designated specialty
8.
Publication and dissemination of any information within the remit of the mandate given by
the OIE that may be useful to Member Countries of the OIE
(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)
a)
Articles published in peer-reviewed journals: ................. 24
Lewis CE, Reising MM, Conrad SK, Fry AM, Hermann JR, Siev D, Gatewood DM. (2013).
Evaluation of a non-invasive, inhalational challenge method for rabies vaccine potency assay. J Virol Methods.
2013 Jun; 190(1-2):49-52.
Hill RE Jr, Foley PL, Clough NE, Ludemann LR, Murtle DC. (2013). Translating Research into Licensed Vaccines
and Validated and Licensed Diagnostic Tests. Dev Biol (Basel). 2013;135:53-8.
Srinivas GB, Walker A, Rippke BE. (2013). USDA Regulatory Guidelines and Practices for Veterinary Leptospira
Vaccine Potency Testing. Biologicals. 2013 Jul 6. pii: S1045-1056(13)00063-8.
12
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Ruby KW, Srinivas GB. (2013). Development of in vitro Assays for Measuring the Relative Potency of
Leptospiral Bacterins Containing Serogroups Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona.
Biologicals. 2013 Jul 16. pii: S1045-1056(13)00065-1.
Thiele TL, Stuber TP, Hauer PJ. (2013.) Detection of Clostridium sordellii hemorrhagic tocin (TcsH) positive
strains and implications for diagnostics and regulation of veterinary vaccines. Vaccine. 2013 Oct 17;
31(44):5082-7.
Anderson TK, Nelson MI, Kitikoon P, Swenson SL, Korslund JA, Vincent AL. Population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza A viruses in the United States from 2009-2012. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013
Dec; 7 Suppl 4:42-51. doi: 10.1111/irv.12193.
Bracht AJ, Armién AG, Carrillo C, O'Hearn ES, Fabian AW, Moran KE, Lu Z, Ariyakumer DS, Rasmussen JM,
Metwally SA. Isolation and characterization of a Cervidpoxvirus from a goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa)
from a zoologic park in Minnesota. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2013 Sep; 44(3):589-95.
Courtney SC, Susta L, Gomez D, Hines NL, Pedersen JC, Brown CC, Miller PJ, Afonso CL. Highly Divergent
Virulent Isolates of Newcastle Disease Virus from the Dominican Republic are Members of a New Genotype
that may have Evolved Unnoticed for Over Two Decades. J Clin Microbiol. 2013 Feb; 51(2):508-17. doi:
10.1128/JCM.02393-12. [Epub 2012 Nov 28]
Dubovi EJ, Hawkins M, Jr. Griffin RA, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN. Isolation of Bluetongue virus from canine
abortions. J Vet Diag Invest. 2013 Jul; 25(4):490-2. doi: 10.1177/1040638713489982. [Epub ahead of print]
Epperson S, Jhung M, Richards S, Quinlisk P, Ball L, Moll M, Boulton R, Haddy L, Biggerstaff M, Brammer L,
Trock S, Burns E, Gomez T, Wong KK, Katz J, Lindstrom S, Klimov A, Bresee JS, Jernigan DB, Cox N, Finelli L;
Influenza A (H3N2)v Virus Investigation Team. Human infections with influenza A (H3N2) variant virus in the
United States, 2011-2012. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Jul; 57 Suppl 1:S4-S11. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit272. [Swenson, SL.
collaboration, not listed as author]
Jaques RS, Millien M, Flanagan KJ, Shaw J, Morales P, Pinto J, Pyburn D, Gonzalez W, Ventura A, Lefrancoise T,
Pradel J, Swenson S, Jenkins-Moore M, Toms D, Erdman M, Cox L, Bracht AJ, Fabian A, Mohamed FM, Moran
K, O'Hearn E, Carrillo C, Mayr G, White W, Metwally S, McIntosh M, Deng M. A field and lab investigation of
viral disease of swine in the Republic of Haiti. Journal of Swine Health Prod. 2013; 21 (3) 130-138.
Kitikoon P, Gauger PC, Anderson TK, Culhane MR, Swenson SL, Loving CL, Perez DR, Vincent AL. Swine
influenza virus vaccine serologic cross-reactivity to contemporary US swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected
with an H3N2 similar to 2011-2012 H3N2v. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Dec 7. Suppl 4:32-41. doi:
10.1111/irv.12189.
Kitikoon P, Nelson MI, Killian ML, Anderson TK, Koster LG, Culhane MR, Vincent AL. Genotype patterns of
contemporary reassorted H3N2 virus in U.S. swine. J Gen Virol. June 13. 94(6):1236-1241. doi:
10.1099/vir.0.51839-0. [Epub 2013 March 13]
Larocco M, Krug PW, Kramer E, Ahmed Z, Pacheco JM, Duque H, Baxt B, Rodriguez LL. 2013 A Continuous
Bovine Kidney Cell Line Constitutively Expressing Bovine αVss6 Integrin has Increased Susceptibility to Foot
and Mouth Disease Virus. J Clin Microbiol. Jun;51(6):1714-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03370-12. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
Lopez-Martinez I, Balish A, Barrera-Badillo G, Jones J, Nuñez-García TE, Jang Y, Aparicio-Antonio R, AzzizBaumgartner E, Belser JA, Ramirez-Gonzalez JE, Pedersen JC, Ortiz-Alcantara J, Gonzalez-Duran E, Shu B,
Emery SL, Poh MK, Reyes-Teran G, Vazquez-Perez JA, Avila-Rios S, Uyeki T, Lindstrom S, Villanueva J, Tokars J,
Ruiz-Matus C, Gonzalez-Roldan JF, Schmitt BJ, Klimov A, Cox N, Kuri-Morales P, Davis CT, Diaz-Quiñonez JA.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N3) Virus in Poultry Workers, Mexico, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013
Sep; 19(9). doi: 10.3201/eid1909.130087.
McCluskey BJ, McCluskey AM, Creekmore L, Schiltz J. Vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the southwestern
United States, 2012. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2013 Sep; 25(5) 608-613. doi: 10.1177/1040638713497945. [Epub
2013 Jul 24]
McKimm-Breschkin JL, Barrett S, Pudjiatmoko, Azhar M, Wong FYK, Kim M, et al. (2013) I222 Neuraminidase
Mutations Further Reduce Oseltamivir Susceptibility of Indonesian Clade 2.1 Highly Pathogenic Avian
Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66105. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066105
Nolting, J.M., P. Dennis, L. Long, L. Holtvoigt, D. Brown, M.J. King, W. Shellbarger, C. Hanley, M.L. Killian, R.D.
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
13
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Slemons. 2013. Low Pathogenic Influenza A Virus Activity at Avian Interfaces in Ohio Zoos, 2006–2009. Avian
Dis. 57(3):657–662.
Pedersen JC, Hines NL, Killian ML, Predgen AS, Schmitt BJ. Isolation of a virulent Newcastle disease virus from
Confiscated LaSota Vaccine. Avian Diseases, 57 (2): 316-320. June 2013. doi: 10.1637/10420-101512.
Schroeder ME, Johnson DJ, Ostlund EN, Meier J, Bounpheng MA, Clavijo A. 2013. Development and
performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex
detection of Bluetongue virus and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. J Vet Diagn Invest. Nov;25(6):709-19.
doi: 10.1177/1040638713503654. Epub 2013 Oct 3.
Spackman E, Pedersen JC, McKinley ET, Gelb J Jr. Optimal specimen collection and transport methods for the
detection of avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus. BMC Vet Res. 2013 Feb 22; 9:35. doi:
10.1186/1746-6148-9-35.
Thiele TL, Stuber TP, Hauer PJ. (2013.) Detection of Clostridium sordellii hemorrhagic toxin (TcsH) positive
strains and implications for diagnostics and regulation of veterinary vaccines. Vaccine. 2013 Oct 17;
31(44):5082-7.
Vincent A, Awada L, Brown I, Chen H, Claes F, Dauphin G, Donis R, Culhane M, Hamilton K, Lewis N, Mumford
E, Nguyen T, Parchariyanon S, Pasick J, Pavade G, Pereda A, Peiris M, Saito T, Swenson SL, Van Reeth K, Webby
R, Wong F, Ciacci-Zanella J. Review of influenza A virus in swine worldwide: a call for increased surveillance
and research. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013 Apr. doi:10.1111/zph.12049.
Xu L, Hurtle W, Rowland JM, Casteran KA, Bucko SM, Grau FR, Valdazo-González B, Knowles NJ, King DP,
Beckham TR, McIntosh MT. 2013. Development of a universal RT-PCR for amplifying and sequencing the
leader and capsid-coding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus. J Virol Methods. Apr;189(1):70-6. doi:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.009. Epub 2013 Feb 1.
b)
International conference presentations: ......................... 20
Avian Influenza/Newcastle disease

February 25-March 1, 2013: Participation in the Multinational Influenza Seasonal Morbidity Study
(MISMS) meeting, Padova, Italy (Killian)

March 7-8, 2013: V. Lazar, R. Sina, B. Moore, M. L. Killian, S. L. Swenson, R. Pogranichniy. Surveillance
Study of Influenza A Viruses of Swine In Indiana 2009 – 2012. Poster presentation at the International
Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected
Influenza Viruses.

March 7-8, 2013: M.L. Killian, L. Koster, A. Janas-Martindale, S.L. Swenson, K. Toohey-Kurth, J. Easley, D.
Lyman. “Isolation of influenza A (H3N2) from farmed mink”. Poster presentation at the International
Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected
Influenza Viruses.

July 2-3, 2013: Presentation of the results of the 2012 OFFLU AI Ring Trial and current status of the 2013
OFFLU AI Ring Trial at the World Health Organization 6th PCR Working Group Meeting, Geneva,
Switzerland (Hines)

March 25-27, 2013: Presentation of an overview of NVSL diagnostics and results at the Animal Influenza
Viruses Countermeasures Working Group Meeting and Gap Analysis, Athens, GA, and co-led a working
group with John Pasick (CFIA, Canada) to identify diagnostic gaps (Torchetti)

May 28-31, 2013: Invited speaker for the Joint ECDC/WHO European Regional Surveillance Meeting,
Istanbul, Turkey; presentation on “Influenza and the human-animal intersect: what do we know and how
do we work together” (Torchetti)

June 4-8, 2013: Presentation of “Laboratory networks contribute to ensuring diagnostic preparedness for
avian influenza A(H7N9)” at the 16th International Symposium of the World Association of Veterinary
Laboratory Diagnosticians (WAVLD) meeting in Berlin, Germany (Torchetti)

July 8-12, 2013: Representation at the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance
(CEIRS) meeting in Memphis, TN to share information related to the A(H7N9) virus from China and
perspectives from avian health - continued participation enables NVSL to provide a significant resource
for the avian testing and research in the USA (Torchetti)
FMD

Carrillo, C. Vaccine Banks: The Official View. South America Commission for the Fight Against FMD
(COSALFA) Pre-Meeting April 15, 2013; Panama City, Panama.

Carrillo, C. FMD Antigen Banks for the Protection of Free Countries. 40th Annual Meetings, COSALFA
Panama City, Panama; April 15- 19, 2013

Carrillo, C. FMDV 2013 Activities, 8th Meeting of the OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network,
November 14-15, 2013, Bangkok, Thailand
14
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas
Swine Influenza Virus

Lazar V, Sina R, Moore B, Killian ML, Swenson SL, and Pogranichniy R. Surveillance Study of Influenza A
Viruses of Swine In Indiana 2009 – 2012. Presented at the International Society for Influenza and other
Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses, March 7-8, 2013.

Swenson S, Killian ML, Pogranichniy RM, Strasser J, Lindstrom S, Kitikoon P, House J, Lenz S, Koster L,
Marsh B, Davis WG, Berman L, Vincent A, Richards S, Glazier M, Janas-Martindale A, and Tomlinson S.
Outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) in People and Pigs at County Fairs. Presented at the International Society
for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza
Viruses, March 7-8, 2013.

Killian ML, Koster L, Janas-Martindale A, Swenson SL, Toohey-Kurth K, Easley J, and Lyman D. Isolation of
influenza A (H3N2) from farmed mink. Presented at the International Society for Influenza and other
Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses, March 7-8, 2013.

Garten R, Balish A, Killian ML, Swenson S, Bowman A, Davis C, Davis W, Shu B, Berman L, Barnes J,
Lindstrom S, Villanueva J, and Klimov A. Characterization of influenza A(H3N2)v at county and state
agricultural fairs in the U.S. Presented at the XV International Conference on Negative Strand Viruses,
June 16-21, 2013.

Swenson S, Pyburn D, Korslund JA, Tomlinson S, Kasari EM, Vincent A, and Schiltz J. National surveillance
for swine influenza virus in the United States, 2009-present. Presented at the International Society for
Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza
Viruses, March 7-8, 2013.

Anderson TK, Nelson MI, Kitikoon P, Swenson SL, Korslund JK, and Vincent AL. Spatial and temporal
dynamics of influenza A in North American Swine. Presented at the International Society for Influenza
and other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses, March
7-8, 2013.

Kitikoon P, Gauger PC, Schlink SN, Bayles DO, Culhane MR, Darnell D, Webby RJ, Lager KM, Swenson SL,
Klimov A, and Vincent AL. Pathogenicity and transmission of the novel A(H3N2)v influenza virus isolated
from humans in experimentally inoculated pigs. Presented at the International Society for Influenza and
other Respiratory Virus Diseases 2nd International Symposium on Neglected Influenza Viruses, March 7-8,
2013.

Swenson SL and Korslund JK. USDA influenza A virus surveillance program in swine. Presented at the
OFFLU Swine Influenza Virus Group meeting, March 27-28, 2013.

Lewis NS, Russell CA, Burke DF, Brown IH, Chen H, Claes F, Dauphin G, Donis R, Culhane M, Hamilton K,
Mumford E, Nguyen T, Nuansrichy B, Pasic J, Pavade G, Pereda A, Peiris M, Saito T, Swenson S, Van Reeth
K, Vincent A, Webby R, Wong F, and Ciacci-Zanella J. Quantifying the global antigenic and genetic
evolution in swine influenza A viruses and evaluating the relative zoonotic potential in humans.
Presented at Options for the Control of Influenza VIII, September 5-10, 2013.
c)
National conference presentations: ................................ 15
Avian Influenza/Newcastle disease










January 14-17, 2013: Participation in the International Influenza Networks meeting, Scottsdale, AZ
(Hines)
February 19-22, 2013: Representation at the Live Bird Market Working Group Meeting in Seattle, WA
(Pedersen)
March 11-12, 2013: Presentation of an Update of Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease at the North
Central Avian Disease Conference, St. Paul, MN (Pedersen)
March 25-27, 2013: Presentation on Trends in Veterinary Diagnostics at the Western Poultry Disease
Conference, Sacramento, CA (Pedersen)
May 7-10, 2013: Representation at the USDA-NIH Multinational Influenza Seasonal Morbidity Study
workshop (Killian)
May 20-23, 2013: Conducted a NAHLN site visit at the Charles C. Allen Biotechnology Laboratory and the
University of Delaware Lasher Laboratory in DE (Killian)
May 28-31, 2013: Participation in the Sequencing Finishing Meeting Santa Fe, NM (Killian)
June 17-20, 2013: Representation at the NPIP Official State Agency/General Conference Committee
meeting, and presentation on the implementation of 11 swab pools (Killian)
July 19-24, 2013: Representation at the AAAP/AVMA meetings and subcommittee meetings in Chicago,
IL (Killian, Torchetti) – presentation of “Atypical Turkey Newcastle Disease in the Upper Midwest Part II:
Virus characterization and vaccinal protection” (Killian)
October 21, 2013, 117th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association; Presentation of
annual NVSL Diagnostic Reports for Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease; San Diego, CA (Torchetti)
Bluetongue:
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013
15
Diagnosis of Animal Diseases and Vaccine Evaluation in the Americas

117th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association, Bluetongue and Related Orbivirus
Committee; October 17023, 2013; San Diego, CA
FMD:

117th Annual Meeting of the United States Animal Health Association, October 17023, 2013; San Diego,
CA
Swine Influenza Virus:

Swenson S, Killian ML, Pogranichniy RM, Strasser J, Lindstrom S, Kitikoon P, House J, Lenz S, Koster L,
Marsh B, Davis WG, Berman L, Vincent A, Richards S, Glazier M, Janas-Martindale A, and Tomlinson S.
Outbreak of Influenza A (H3N2) in People and Pigs at County Fairs. Presented at the American Association
of Swine Veterinarians Annual Meeting, March 2-5, 2013.

Killian M.L., T. Anderson. NGS sequencing of Influenza A Virus at USDA. Presented at the FIC-IRD-USDANational Pork Board Sequencing and Epidemiology Workshop, May 7-10, 2013.

Swenson SL. Influenza A infection in swine (IAV-S). Presented at the Arkansas One Health Conference,
November 21, 2013.
d)
Other: ............................................................................... Links to websites for additional information
(Provide website address or link to appropriate information)
AI: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/poultry/index.htm
FMD: http: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; Genebank records KC440881-KC440884
EEE/WEE: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/ee/
EIA: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/eia/index.htm
PRV[Aujesky’s}: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/swine/index.htm
SIV: http://animalhealth.we.aphis.gov/observer/home/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?ID=289
VSV: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/vsv/index.htm
WNV: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/wnv/index.htm
_______________
16
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2013