Science Homework Week 4:
1. The fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum
mechanics, such as a molecule, atom, electron, or nucleus, can have.
2. 2,8
3. it shows the arrangement of electrons in an orbit and orbitals. it shows
whether the element is electropositive or electronegative.
4. The element magnesium (atomic number 12) has the electron configuration
of. 1s2 2s2 2p6, 3s2
5. a) The same amount of atoms in their outer shells.
b) The same amount of atoms in their first shell.
6 Identify which group contains elements that rarely react.
the noble gases
7 ) Distinguish between atoms that react and atoms that don’t react.
All atoms are reactive given the right circumstances, if a unbalance number of
electrons are there makes a reaction.
8 Compare a chlorine atom with a chloride ion.
. Chloride ion is negatively charged.
. *The chloride ion is stable. It does not react with sodium.
. In the chloride ion there are 17 protons but 18 electrons.
A chlorine atom has an unstable electronic configuration of 2, 8, and 7
A chlorine atom is electrically neutral.
Chlorine atom is reactive; it reacts with sodium vigorously forming sodium
chloride
9 Describe what happens when a sodium ion forms.
The Sodium atom looses 1 electron, leaves it with 1 more proton than the
electrons it has, which gives the ion a single positive charge.
10 Explain the difference between the formation of a positive ion and a
negative ion.
positive ion forms when any electron removes from an atom and an anion
called negative ion forms when an atom accepts an additional electron
11. The alkali metals (the IA elements) lose a single electron to form a cation
with a 1+ charge. The alkaline earth metals (IIA elements) lose two electrons
to form a 2+ cation. Aluminum, a member of the IIIA family, loses three
electrons to form a 3+ cation.
12. Noble gases do not form ions because they are non reactive that is why
they are noble gases
13. It does this because it has more electrons then the others, however it does
not have much of a charge because it is not strong.
14. a) an atom with configuration 2,4
b) an atom with configuration 2,8,6
c an atom with seven electrons
Skills
15 Copy out the table on ionic charges (onpage19). Extend and complete it to
include all the elements up to calcium, Ca.