15.4 & 15.5 POWERPOINT NOTES MARINE, ESTUARY, AND
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
1. Water (aquatic) Biomes





Include _________________ (saltwater) and _________________ biomes.
Make up the largest ecosystem on earth.
More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water, and more organisms live in
____________________ than live on ______________________.
Water biomes are typically more stable than land biomes.
The temperature varies less because of the ability of water to absorb and hold __________.
2. Factors Affecting Water Biomes



Amounts of available _________________ and carbon dioxide.
Temperature and _____________________.
Amounts of dissolved _________________ and suspended particles.
3. Aquatic (water) Biomes


____________________ (saltwater)
____________________
4. KEY CONCEPT :Marine ecosystems are global.
5. Marine (saltwater)

Oceans, Intertidal Zones
 Hold large quantities of solar ___________________
 Help to stabilize the earth’s ____________________
 Contain a constant supply of nutrients and dissolved salts
 Much of the photosynthesis on earth is carried out by __________________ near the
surface of the oceans and coastal waters.
 Light penetrates through water to a depth of 30 meters. Photosynthesis does not occur
at greater depths.
6. Ocean/saltwater



This is by far the world’s _________________ and most _________________ biome.
Water temperature and depth are key factors that determine the many different
characteristics of oceanic creatures.
There are 3 main types of ocean biomes…
 Temperate oceans
 Tropical oceans
 _________________________
7. The ocean can be divided into zones.

Ocean _______________ can be determined by their distance from shoreline and water
depths.
8. The _______________ _____________ harbors more biomass than any
other zone.

Plankton make up most of the biomass.
 ______________________
 ______________________
9. KEY CONCEPT

Freshwater ecosystems include ________________ as well as flowing and standing water.
10.Freshwater


Less than 3% of the Earth’s water is fresh water.
Ponds, Swamps, Lakes, Streams, and Rivers will vary by:


15.4 and 15.5 PP NOTES BIOLOGY Page 2
 Size
 Speed of current
 ______________________
 Concentration of dissolved gasses and suspended particles
 Rate of change
Like the marine biome, freshwater biomes are home to a __________________ range of
plants and animals.
Temperature and depth play a key role in determining what types of life can be found in
freshwater ecosystems. There are 3 types…
 Rivers and ____________________
 Ponds and ____________________
 ______________________
11.Freshwater ecosystems include moving and standing water.


A _________________________ is a region of land that
_______________________________________________________________________.
Ecosystems may be different along a river’s course
12.Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems.




provide a ______________ for many species
filter ________________ water
renew underground water supply
Some animals have adaptations suited to the freshwater they inhabit.
13.Ponds and lakes share common features.




All lakes “turn over” periodically.
Turn over happens due to changes in _______________________.
In both autumn and spring, surface water flows downward and bottom water flows upward.
The upwelling brings up ___________________.
14.Estuaries are dynamic environments where rivers flow into the ocean.

An estuary is a ________________________ ___________________ body of water.
 mixture of fresh water with ________________ water
 Chesapeake Bay
 Louisiana bayous
15.Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems.

Estuaries provide a protected _________________ for many species.
 birds migration
 spawning grounds
16.Estuaries are primarily threatened by ________________development.