Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
PROPOSITUM: DWBAT conjugate verbs in the present and perfect systems and translate according to tense
PRESENT SYSTEM


The tenses in the present system include the present, the future, and the imperfect. These tenses
belong to what is known as the ‘present system’ because they are all formed using the Present Stem
of a verb.
Most verbs have 4 principal parts. The Present Stem comes from the 2nd principal part of a verb.
o Ex. dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dīctus to say, tell
CONJUGATION NUMBER
Determine the conjugation number of a verb by looking at the _______ in its 2nd principal part.
Conjugation #
2nd PP Ending
1st
___-āre_____
2nd
___-ēre_____
3rd
___-ere_____
3rd -io
1st PP: -iō, 2nd PP: -ere
4th
___-īre_____
PRESENT STEM
The Present Stem of a verb is formed by removing the letters ‘___’ from the 2nd principal part of a verb.
***For the 3rd conjugation, the vowel from the present stem, ‘e’, changes to ‘i’
Conjug. #
2nd Principal Part
Present Stem
1st
laudāre
laudā-
2nd
habēre
habē-
3rd
dīcere
dīci-
capiō, capere
capi–
audīre
audī-
3rd -io
4th
PRESENT ACTIVE PERSONAL ENDINGS
The ending of a verb tells us who the _________ of that verb is. These are known as Personal Endings.
Person and Number
English Translation
Latin PAP Ending
1st singular
I
-ō
2nd singular
you
-s
3rd singular
he/she/it
-t
we
-mus
1st plural
1
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
Person and Number
English Translation
Latin PAP Ending
2nd plural
you all
-tis
3rd plural
they
-nt
PRESENT TENSE
FORMATION = Present Stem + Present Active Personal Endings (PAP)
Exceptions:
1. The 1st person singular is always the same as the 1st Principal Part
2. The 3rd person plural for the 3rd, 3rd -io and 4th conjugations ends in ‘-unt’ or ‘-iunt’
TRANSLATION = _______s, is _____ing, does __________
Exerceāmus!
I. Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
1) habeō, habēre, habuī, habitus
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
to have
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
habeō
I have
2nd sing.
habēs
you have
3rd sing.
habet
he/she/it has
1st pl.
habēmus
we have
2nd pl.
habētis
you all have
3rd pl.
habent
they have
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
dūcō
I lead
2nd sing.
dūcis
you lead
3rd sing.
dūcit
he/she/it will lead
1st pl.
dūcimus
we lead
2nd pl.
dūcitis
you all lead
3rd pl.
dūcunt
they lead
2) dūcō, dūcere, duxī, ductus to lead
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
2
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
3) capiō, capere, cēpī, captus to seize, take, capture
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
capiō
I take
2nd sing.
capis
you take
3rd sing.
capit
he/she/it takes
1st pl.
capimus
we take
2nd pl.
capitis
you all take
3rd pl.
capiunt
they take
II. Translate the following forms into either Latin or English
1) amās
you love
2) inveniunt
they find
3) petimus
we seek/attack
4) deleō
I destroy
5) cogitātis
you all think
6) you hold
tenēs
7) we understand
intellegimus
8) they desire
cupiunt
9) you all run
curritis
10)
respondeō
I respond
IMPERFECT TENSE
FORMATION = 1st and 2nd conjug. = Present Stem + bā + PAP
3rd, 3rd -io and 4th conjug. = Present Stem + ēbā + PAP
Exceptions:
1. The 1st person singular ending is ‘m’ instead of ‘ō’
2. For 3rd reg. conjug. verbs, drop the ‘i’ from the Present Stem (Ex. duci - i = duc-)
TRANSLATION = was/were _____ing or used to ______
3
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
Exerceāmus!
Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
1) reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: to give back, return
Conjugation number: __3rd____
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
redd+ēba+m = reddēbam
I was returning, I used to return
2nd sing.
reddēbās
you were returning
3rd sing.
reddēbat
he/she/it was returning
1st pl.
reddēbāmus
we were returning
2nd pl.
reddēbātis
you all were returning
3rd pl.
reddēbant
they were returning
2) inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus to find, discover
Conjugation number: ___4th___
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
inveniēbam
I was finding, I used to find
2nd sing.
inveniēbās
you were finding
3rd sing.
inveniēbat
he/she/it was finding
1st pl.
inveniēbāmus
we were finding
2nd pl.
inveniēbātis
you all were finding
3rd pl.
inveniēbant
they were finding
FUTURE TENSE
FORMATION = 1st and 2nd conjug. = Present Stem + bi + PAP (*1st sg. = -bō)
3rd, 3rd -io and 4th conjug. = Present Stem + ē + PAP
Exceptions:
1. For 3rd, 3rd -io and 4th conjugations, the 1st person singular ending is ‘am’ instead of ‘ō’
2. For 3rd reg. conjug. verbs, drop the ‘i’ from the Present Stem (Ex. duci - i = duc-)
TRANSLATION = will ______
Exerceāmus!
Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
4
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
1) reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: to give back, return
Conjugation number: __3rd____
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
redd+am = reddam
I will return
2nd sing.
redd+ē+s = reddēs
you will return
3rd sing.
reddet
he/she/it will return
1st pl.
reddēmus
we will return
2nd pl.
reddētis
you all will return
3rd pl.
reddent
they will return
2) inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus to find, discover
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
inveni+am = inveniam
I will find
2nd sing.
inveni+ē+s = inveniēs
you will find
3rd sing.
inveniet
he/she/it will find
1st pl.
inveniēmus
we will find
2nd pl.
inveniētis
you all will find
3rd pl.
invenient
they will find
PERFECT SYSTEM
The tenses in the perfect system include the PERFECT, the PLUPERFECT, and the FUTURE PERFECT. These tenses
belong to what is known as the ‘perfect system’ because they are all formed using the Perfect Stem of a verb,
coming from the 3rd principal part.
Ex. dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dīctus: to say, tell
The Perfect Stem comes from removing the “___” from the 3rd principal part.
Conjug. #
Principal Parts (3rd in bold)
Perfect Stem
1st
laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātus
laudāv-
2nd
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentus
tenu5
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
Conjug. #
Principal Parts (3rd in bold)
Perfect Stem
3rd
petō, petere, petivī, petitus
petiv-
3rd -io
capiō, capere, cēpī, captus
cēp-
sciō, scīre, scīvī, scītus
scīv-
4th
PERFECT PERSONAL ENDINGS
These endings correspond to the same persons and numbers, and have the same translations, as the Present
Personal Endings, but are used only for perfect tenses.
Person and Number
English Translation
Latin Ending
1st sing.
I
-ī
2nd sing.
you
-istī
3rd sing.
he/she/it
-it
1st pl.
we
-imus
2nd pl.
you all
-istis
3rd pl.
they
-ērunt
PERFECT TENSE
FORMATION = Perfect Stem + Perfect Personal Endings
There are NO exceptions to this rule.
TRANSLATION =
ed, or the simple past tense translation of any verb
Exerceāmus!
Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
1) reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: to give back, return
Conjugation number: __3rd____
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
reddid+ī = reddidī
I returned
2nd sing.
reddid+istī = reddidistī
you returned
3rd sing.
reddidit
he/she/it returned
6
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st pl.
reddidimus
we returned
2nd pl.
reddistis
you all returned
3rd pl.
reddidērunt
they returned
2) inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus to find, discover
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
invēn+ī = invēnī
I found
2nd sing.
invēnistī
you found
3rd sing.
invēnit
he/she/it found
1st pl.
invēnimus
we found
2nd pl.
invēnistis
you all found
3rd pl.
invēnērunt
they found
PLUPERFECT TENSE
FORMATION = Perfect Stem + Imperfect tense of sum, esse
There are NO exceptions to this rule.
TRANSLATION = had______-ed, had been _______-ing
IMPERFECT Tense of sum, esse
Person and Number
Latin Form
1st sing.
eram
2nd sing.
eras
3rd sing.
erat
1st pl.
eramus
2nd pl.
eratis
3rd pl.
erant
Exerceāmus!
Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
7
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
1) reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: to give back, return
Conjugation number: __3rd____
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
reddid+eram = reddideram
I had returned
2nd sing.
reddideras
you had returned
3rd sing.
reddiderat
he/she/it had returned
1st pl.
reddideramus
we had returned
2nd pl.
reddideratis
you all had returned
3rd pl.
reddiderant
they had returned
2) inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
to find, discover
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
invēn+eram = invēneram
I had found
2nd sing.
invēneras
you had found
3rd sing.
invēnerat
he/she/it had found
1st pl.
invēneramus
we had found
2nd pl.
invēneratis
you all had found
3rd pl.
invēnerant
they had found
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Formation
Perfect Stem + Future tense of sum, esse
There are NO exceptions to this rule.
FUTURE TENSE of sum, esse
Person and Number
Latin Form
1st sing.
erō
2nd sing.
eris
3rd sing.
eris
8
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
Person and Number
Latin Form
1st pl.
erimus
2nd pl.
eritis
3rd pl.
erint*
*The 3rd person plural form of sum, esse in the future tense is actually erunt, but the future perfect tense
uses erint to distinguish this ending from the one used for the perfect tense (ērunt)
Translation = will have ______-ed
Exerceāmus!
Identify the conjugation number of the verbs listed and conjugate the following forms in full
1) reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditus: to give back, return
Conjugation number: __3rd____
Person and Number
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
reddid+erō = reddiderō
I will have returned
2nd sing.
reddideris
you will have returned
3rd sing.
reddiderit
he/she/it will have returned
1st pl.
reddiderimus
we will have returned
2nd pl.
reddideritis
you all will have returned
3rd pl.
reddiderint
they will have returned
2) inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventus
Conjugation number: ______
Person and Number
to find, discover
Latin Form
English Translation
1st sing.
invēn+erō = invēnerō
I will have found
2nd sing.
invēneris
you will have found
3rd sing.
invēnerit
he/she/it will have found
1st pl.
invēnerimus
we will have found
2nd pl.
invēneritis
you all will have found
3rd pl.
invēnerint
they will have found
9
Nōmen
Diēs
Class Notes
QUIZ 1: Noun and Case Review
1. insula, insulae f. island
a) Declension number: _____
b) Noun stem:
c) Genitive singular form:
d) Translation:
2. diēs, diēī m. day
a) Declension number: _____
b) Noun stem:
c) Accusative plural form:
d) Translation:
3. exercitus, exercitūs m. army
a) Declension number: _____
b) Noun stem:
c) Dative plural form:
d) Translation:
4. “egō tamen propter crīmen Sextī ab omnibus condemnābor- id sciō!,” Lucrētia dīxit.
a.
Case of Sextī =
b.
Usage/function of Sextī =
c.
Sentence translation =
Vocabulary
propter (+ACC) because of, on account of
Sextus, -ī m. Sextus
omnis, omnis, omne all, every(one)
condemnō, condemnāre, condemnāvī, condemnātus to blame, condemn
10