TWO COLUMN NOTES SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
(To be used with Power Point)
1. What two systems are we studying
today?
2. The framework of the human body is
composed of 206 bones and it forms
the skeletal system. This system has 5
major functions. The skeleton gives
shape and support to your body.
Bones protect your internal organs.
Major muscles are attached to bone
and help them move. Blood cells are
formed in the center of the soft tissue
called marrow. Finally, major
quantities of calcium and
phosphorous compound, which make
bones hard, are stored in the
skeleton.
3. Osteoblasts are cells that form these
specialized organs. Osteoclasts are
cells that break down these
specialized organs.
Skeletal and muscular
4. Periosteum: a living bone’s surface is
covered with this tough tight fitting
membrane. Blood vessels contained
within carry nutrients to the bone.
Cells involved in the growth and
repair of bones are also found in the
periosteum. There are two types of
bones under the periosteum, spongy
and compact.
What function does the periosteum serve?
How many bone are in the human body?
What elements make bones hard?
List the 5 functions of the skeletal system
What is the difference between osteoclast
and osteoblasts?
5. Spongy Bone: Spongy bone is located What is the difference between sponge and
towards the end of long bones like
compact bone?
your thigh and upper arm. Spongy
bone has many small open spaces
that make the bones lightweight.
Compact Bone: This is located directly
under the periosteum. Calcium and
phosphate components make
compact strong. Bone cells and blood
vessels are found in this layer.
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TWO COLUMN NOTES SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
(To be used with Power Point)
6. Cartilage: cartilage is the smooth
slippery thick layer of tissue what
covers the ends of bones. There are
no blood vessels or minerals
contained in cartilage. Nutrients are
delivered by nearby blood vessels.
Because cartilage is flexible acts like a
shock absorber for the joints. It also
reduces friction caused by bones
rubbing together.
How does cartilage help to protect our body?
7. Joint: A place where two or more
bones come together. Ligament: This
is a tough band of tissue that holds
the bones together at the joints.
What is the difference between joints and
ligaments?
8. Immovable joints: These are joints
that allow little or no movement. The
skull and pelvis are examples.
Movable joints: These allow the body
to move in a wide range of motions.
There are 4 types of moveable joints:
pivot, ball and socket, hinge and
gliding.
Name 2 examples of an immovable joint.
9. Pivot: One bone rotates in a ring of
List one example of each kind of movable
another bone that does not move.
joint.
Turning your head is an example.
Ball and Socket: This a ball with a
rounded end that fits in the cavity of
another bone. Swinging arms and legs
in any direction is an example of this
motion.
Hinge: This joint has a smaller range
and has a back and forth motion like a
door. These joints are found in
elbows, knees and fingers.
Gliding: This joint is where one part of
the bone slides over another and they
also move back and forth. They are
found in wrists ankles and in between
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TWO COLUMN NOTES SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
(To be used with Power Point)
vertebrae.
10. MUSCLES
There are 600 muscles in the muscular
system. Muscles connect some of the
bones in your body. A muscle is an organ
that can relax, contract and provide the
force to move a body. As a result energy
is used and work is done.
11. Involuntary muscles: These are
muscles that cannot be consciously
controlled. This is how blood is
pumped and food is digested.
Voluntary muscles: These are muscles
that can be consciously controlled.
How many muscles are there in the human
body?
What is the function of muscles?
What is the difference between voluntary
and involuntary muscles?
12. Skeletal muscles: these are muscles
How does the composition of each different
that move bones.
kind of muscle allow it to do its job?
Tendons: These are thick bands of
tissues that connect skeletal muscles
to bones.
Cardiac muscle: These type of
muscles are found only in the heart.
The cardiac muscle is striated and it
contracts about 70 times per minute
every day all day.
Smooth muscle: These muscles are
found in the intestines, bladder, blood
vessels and other internal organs.
They are non-striated and they
contract and relax slowly.
13. Tendons: These are thick bands of
How do tendons help us move?
tissues that connect skeletal muscles
to bones. Working muscles: When
one muscle in a pair contracts the
other relaxes. Chemical energy is used
in this process.
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TWO COLUMN NOTES SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS
(To be used with Power Point)
14. When the muscles contract they pull
on the bones they are attached to
create movement. The muscles action
of pulling on the bones helps them
move in all different directIons. We
need muscles to move involuntary
and voluntary. Muscles create 85% of
body heat, and hold our posture. The
brain sends impulses to the muscles
to move bones, which is movement.
One needs the other to work.
Together they produce bodily
movement.
When the brain sends impulses to the
muscles, it causes them to contract
and because they are connected to
the bones the bones are moved along
with the muscles.
Muscles receive messages from brain
through the somatic nervous system
telling the muscles to move. Muscles
listen and contract then the bone is
pulled along with the muscle by the
tendon. The bone is there to support
the body.
15. There are 3 types of levers in this
body system called
1st
2nd
and
rd
3
class.
=
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Beginning with a thought in the brain explain
how we voluntarily move our bodies?
Draw and label the 3 kinds of levers. Make
sure to label the load, fulcrum and force as
well as the direction of each.