Open Academic Analytics Initiative
Marist College
Extraction, Transformation , Load using Kettle
We have used the Pentaho Data Integration also called as Kettle to preprocess the data obtained from
different institutions. The raw data is cleaned up in the kettle, by running through series of SQL
commands in a job or a transformation. Let’s discuss the creation of a job or transformation in detail.
We have used transformations to import the raw data from the MS access to MSSQL Server and Jobs are
created to preprocess the data imported to the MSSQL server. We have created separate
transformation and job files for all the semester data received till now. Please check the attached flows
for reference.
Steps to create a transformation:
1) Click on File-> New-> Transformation.
2) Click on Input in the Design Tab and drag the “Microsoft Access Input” tool to the
transformation layout. Click on the Microsoft Access Input to change its properties.
o For the File or directory option, click on browse and select the path of the input file has to
be loaded and then click on add.
o Click on the Content menu and select the particular table from the inputted MS ACCESS
Database that has to be imported to MSSQL Server.
o Click on the Fields menu and then on “Get fields” button to retrieve the fields from the
loaded database and any naming or the data type of the fields can be changed by just
editing the retrieved fields.
o You can click on “preview rows” to view the data that would be imported to the MSSQL
Server and then click on OK.
3) Now Click on Output in the Design tab and drag the “Table Output” tool to the transformation
layout.
4) Create a hop between the “Microsoft Access Input” and “Table Output”. It can be done either by
selecting both and right click->create new hop or Hover over the “Microsoft Access Input” and
the => would show up, connect it to the table output.
5) Now to change the properties of the “Table Output” Click on the “Table Output”
 Step Name: Give the Desired name
 Connection: Click on new to create a connection and in the new connection window
select the MSSQL Server and give the Database properties.
o Connection Name: Give the Desired name
o Hostname Name: 10.128.247.167
o Database Name: Specify the Database name where the table should be created. All
our intermediate tables were created in OAAIDBtest and the final results table were
created in OAAIDBEitel
o Specify the Username, password and test the connection. click on OK.
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Specify the “Table name” for the new table to be created and select the truncate table
checkbox.
Click on SQL and execute the SQL Script, then click on OK.
Save the transformation and run it, the table should be generated in the specified
database.
Steps to create a Job in Kettle:
Creating a job is very similar to that of the Transformation. We have used multiple “SQL” tool and linked
them by creating hops between them. Each of the SQL tool has a set of SQL queries that has to be
executed and the final preprocessed Database table is saved back to “OAAIDBEitel” Database.
1) Click on File->New->Job.
2) Click on Scripting from the Design Tab and drag it to the job Layout.
3) Several SQL tools as per need are placed in the Layout and connected by hops as mentioned
above.
o To change the properties of the SQL, Click on the SQL tool and execute the following,
o Job Entry Name: Give the Desired name.
o Connection: The Database Connection created in the above transformation can be shared to
all other flows. It can be accomplished by clicking on view->Database Connections-> Right
click on the Database connection that has to be shared and click on Share.
4) Enter the SQL script that has to be executed and click on OK (Note: Each SQL Script should be
terminated with a semi colon).
5) Save the Job and Run it.
SQL Scripts Used in Preprocessing the Raw Data:
Assigning Primary Keys for the Bio File to eliminate duplicates.
//Primary fields has to be NOT NULL,so the datatype is being changed
ALTER TABLE[OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FBio]
ALTER COLUMN ALTERNATIVE_ID varchar(36) NOT NULL ;
// Eliminating the Duplicate Records(Multiple Records with same ALTERNATIVE_ID)
drop table G10FDistBio;
SELECT *
into G10FDistBio
FROM
(SELECT *,Row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY ALTERNATIVE_ID ORDER BY
ALTERNATIVE_ID) rn
FROM dbo.G10FBio ) t
WHERE rn = 1 ;
// Primary Key assigned
Alter Table dbo.G10FDistBio Drop column rn;
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[G10FDistBio] ADD
(
CONSTRAINT [PK_G10FDistBio] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
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[ALTERNATIVE_ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON
[PRIMARY]
;
Adding Aptitude Score to the Bio Table:
The Aptitude score is created to replace the SAT and the ACT Scores given in the Raw File. Students have
reported either the SAT or ACT, since 2 different fields are used to report scores there are many NULL
values. The Aptitude score is calculated for each of the students based on their reported scores, to
reduce the number of NULL values.
//Adding a new Field named APTITUDE_SCORE to the Bio table
ALTER TABLE dbo.G10FDistBio
ADD APTITUDE_SCORE int;
// APTITUDE_SCORE assigned based on the Scores reported by the Students
UPDATE dbo.G10FDistBio
set APTITUDE_SCORE=
CASE
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE =36 THEN 1600
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=35 THEN 1560
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=34 THEN 1510
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=33 THEN 1460
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=32 THEN 1420
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=31 THEN 1380
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=30 THEN 1340
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=29 THEN 1300
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=28 THEN 1260
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=27 THEN 1220
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=26 THEN 1190
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=25 THEN 1150
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=24 THEN 1110
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=23 THEN 1070
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=22 THEN 1030
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=21 THEN 990
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=20 THEN 950
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=19 THEN 910
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=18 THEN 870
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=17 THEN 830
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=16 THEN 790
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=15 THEN 740
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=14 THEN 690
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=13 THEN 640
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=12 THEN 590
WHEN ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE=11 THEN 530
WHEN SAT_MATH_SCORE is not null
and SAT_VERBAL_SCORE is not null THEN SAT_VERBAL_SCORE + SAT_MATH_SCORE
WHEN SAT_MATH_SCORE is not null
and SAT_VERBAL_SCORE is not null
and ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE is not null THEN SAT_VERBAL_SCORE + SAT_MATH_SCORE
END
;
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Assigning Primary to the Course Data:
The Assigned primary keys for the Course data are the ALTERNATIVE_ID and COURSE
fields. The COURSE is not given directly in the raw data, so we create the course
field. The ONLINE_FLAG field is created just to mention if the course is an online or
a ground course.
//New Columns Created in the Course Data
ALTER TABLE dbo.G10FCourse DROP COLUMN COURSE;
ALTER TABLE dbo.G10FCourse DROP COLUMN COURSENUM;
ALTER TABLE dbo.G10FCourse DROP COLUMN ONLINE_FLAG;
alter table dbo.G10FCourse
add COURSE varchar(17),
COURSENUM varchar(17),
ONLINE_FLAG INT;
// Script to assign the COURSE, COURSE NUMBER and ONLINE STATUS
UPDATE [OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FCourse]
SET COURSE = (SELECT SUBJECT+ '_'+ COURSENO +'_'+SECTION+'_10F')
UPDATE [OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FCourse]
SET COURSENUM= (select SUBSTRING([COURSE],1,LEN([COURSE])-9));
UPDATE [OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FCourse]
SET ONLINE_FLAG=
CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(COURSE,LEN(COURSE)-6,1)='7' then 1
WHEN SUBSTRING(COURSE,LEN(COURSE)-6,1)!='7' then 0
END;
//Assigning Primary Key
drop table dbo.G10FDistCourse;
SELECT *
into dbo.G10FDistCourse
FROM
(SELECT *,Row_number() OVER(PARTITION BY ALTERNATIVE_ID,COURSE ORDER BY
COURSE) rn
FROM dbo.G10FCourse) t
WHERE rn = 1 ;
Alter Table dbo.G10FDistCourse Drop column rn;
ALTER TABLE [OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FDistCourse]
ALTER COLUMN [ALTERNATIVE_ID] varchar(36) NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE [OAAIDBtest].[dbo].[G10FDistCourse]
ALTER COLUMN [COURSE] varchar(17) NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[G10FDistCourse] ADD CONSTRAINT [PK_G10FDistCourse] PRIMARY KEY
CLUSTERED
(
[ALTERNATIVE_ID] ASC,
[COURSE] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, SORT_IN_TEMPDB = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ONLINE = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON
[PRIMARY];
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Altering Grades Table to assign scores for each of the Student Submissions:
//Adding SCORE column to the Grades Table
alter table dbo.Grades10F
drop column SCORE ;
alter table dbo.Grades10F
add SCORE float(7);
// Calculating Scores for each of the submissions in the File based on Earned Points
and Max Points.
UPDATE dbo.Grades10F
SET SCORE= EARNED_POINTS/MAX_POINTS ;
Calculating the RMN Score based on the Score and Weight in the Grade Table:
// Intermediate steps in calculating the RMN Score
SELECT COURSE,ALTERNATIVE_ID,sum(WEIGHT) as TOTAL_WEIGHT,sum(SCORE * WEIGHT) as
WEIGHTED_SCORE
into Aux1_AggScores_10F
FROM dbo.Grades10F
GROUP BY COURSE,ALTERNATIVE_ID
ORDER BY COURSE,ALTERNATIVE_ID;
SELECT COURSE
,ALTERNATIVE_ID
,TOTAL_WEIGHT
,WEIGHTED_SCORE
,CASE
WHEN TOTAL_WEIGHT<>0 then WEIGHTED_SCORE /TOTAL_WEIGHT
else 0
end as EFFWT_SCORE
into Aux2_AggScores_10F
FROM Aux1_AggScores_10F;
SELECT COURSE
,AVG(EFFWT_SCORE) AVG_EFFWT_SCORE
INTO Aux_AVGCourse_effwtscore_10F
FROM Aux2_AggScores_10F
GROUP BY COURSE
ORDER BY COURSE
// Calculating the actual RMN Score
Drop Table Grades10F_Scores;
select A.*
,AVG_EFFWT_SCORE
,EFFWT_SCORE/AVG_EFFWT_SCORE*100 as RMN_SCORE
into Grades10F_Scores
from Aux2_AggScores_10F A, Aux_AVGCourse_effwtscore_10F M
WHERE A.COURSE= M.COURSE
AND AVG_EFFWT_SCORE > 0
order by AVG_EFFWT_SCORE;
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Creating The PersonalCourse Table by inner joining the Bio and the Course Table:
SELECT P.ALTERNATIVE_ID,
C.COURSE,
C.COURSENUM,
C.SUBJECT,
C.ONLINE_FLAG,
C.SECTION,
C.ENROLLMENT,
C.LETTER_GRADE,
P.CLASS_RANK,
P.PERCENTILE,
P.SAT_VERBAL_SCORE,
P.SAT_MATH_SCORE,
P.ACT_COMPOSITE_SCORE,
P.APTITUDE_SCORE,
P.AGE,
P.GENDER,
P.FTPT,
P.CLASS,
P.CUM_GPA,
P.SEM_GPA,
P.ACADEMIC_STANDING
into dbo.G10FPC
FROM dbo.G10FDistBio P
INNER JOIN dbo.G10FDistCourse C
ON P.ALTERNATIVE_ID =C.ALTERNATIVE_ID
;
Cleaning Up the PersonalCourse Table:
// Eliminating the NULL values in the PersonalCourse table:
SELECT * into G10FNtnullPC
from G10FPC
WHERE [ALTERNATIVE_ID] is NOT NULL
AND
[COURSE] is NOT NULL
AND
[LETTER_GRADE]is NOT NULL
AND
[GENDER] is NOT NULL
AND
[FTPT]is NOT NULL
AND
[CLASS]is NOT NULL
AND
[CUM_GPA] is NOT NULL
AND
[SEM_GPA]is NOT NULL
AND
[ACADEMIC_STANDING]is NOT NULL
;
// Deleting Invalid Grades:
DELETE FROM dbo.G10FNtnullPC
WHERE LETTER_GRADE='W'
or LETTER_GRADE='WF'
or LETTER_GRADE= 'AU'
or LETTER_GRADE= 'P'
or LETTER_GRADE= 'NC'
or LETTER_GRADE= 'X'
or LETTER_GRADE= 'I';
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// Recoding all the VarChar fields with Int Values.
Update P
Set P.GENDER = Replace (P.GENDER, 'F', '1')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.GENDER = Replace (P.GENDER, 'M', '2')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P ;
UPDATE dbo.G10FNtnullPC
SET
GENDER = NULL
WHERE GENDER='N';
Update P
Set P.FTPT = Replace (P.FTPT, 'F', '1')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.FTPT = Replace (P.FTPT, 'P', '2')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P ;
UPDATE dbo.G10FNtnullPC
SET
FTPT = NULL
WHERE FTPT='o';
Update P
Set P.CLASS = Replace (P.CLASS, 'GR', '5')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.ONLINE_FLAG = Replace (P.ONLINE_FLAG, 'Y', '1')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.ONLINE_FLAG= Replace (P.ONLINE_FLAG, 'N', '2')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
UPDATE dbo.G10FNtnullPC
SET LETTER_GRADE=3.7
WHERE LETTER_GRADE='A-';
UPDATE dbo.G10FNtnullPC
SET LETTER_GRADE='2.7'
WHERE LETTER_GRADE='B-';
UPDATE dbo.G10FNtnullPC
SET LETTER_GRADE='1.7'
WHERE LETTER_GRADE='C-';
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'A', '4.0')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'B+', '3.3')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'B', '3.0')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
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Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'C+', '2.3')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'C', '2.0')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'D+', '1.3')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'D', '1.0')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
Update P
Set P.LETTER_GRADE = Replace (P.LETTER_GRADE, 'F', '0.0')
From dbo.G10FNtnullPC P;
//Creating Fields to update the Int Values and eliminating the fields with Varchar
data type.
Alter Table dbo.G10FNtnullPC
add RC_GENDER int,
RC_FTPT int,
RC_CLASS int,
RC_LETTERGRADE float,
ACADEMIC_RISK int ;
update dbo.G10FNtnullPC set RC_GENDER= cast( GENDER as int);
Alter table dbo.G10FNtnullPC
drop column GENDER;
update dbo.G10FNtnullPC set RC_FTPT= cast( FTPT as int);
Alter table dbo.G10FNtnullPC
drop column FTPT;
update dbo.G10FNtnullPC set RC_CLASS= cast(CLASS as int);
Alter table dbo.G10FNtnullPC
drop column CLASS;
update dbo.G10FNtnullPC set RC_LETTERGRADE= cast( LETTER_GRADE as float);
Alter table dbo.G10FNtnullPC
drop column LETTER_GRADE;
Update dbo.G10FNtnullPC set ACADEMIC_RISK=
Case when RC_LETTERGRADE <2 then 1
else 2
END;
Inner joining the Scores table with the PersonalCourse table:
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SELECT
Marist College
P.*, C.RMN_SCORE
into dbo.G10FPCS
FROM dbo.G10FNtnullPC P
INNER JOIN dbo.Grades10F_Scores C
ON P.ALTERNATIVE_ID =C.ALTERNATIVE_ID
AND P.COURSE=C.COURSE;
Eliminating Null Records in PCS table:
Select * into dbo.G10FntNullPCS
from dbo.G10FPCS
where RMN_SCORE is not null;
Scipts to generate the Metrics Table :
// Scripts to calculate the ratio of the number of occurrences of each of the events
SELECT S.COURSE, RC_CLASS, P.ALTERNATIVE_ID, EVENT, COUNT(*) AS QTY
INTO G10FmvCourseStudentEventQty
FROM dbo.SAKAIEVENTS10F S, dbo.G10FntNullPC P
WHERE S.ALTERNATIVE_ID=P.ALTERNATIVE_ID
GROUP BY S.COURSE,Rc_Class, P.ALTERNATIVE_ID,EVENT
ORDER BY S.COURSE,Rc_Class, P.ALTERNATIVE_ID,EVENT;
SELECT COURSE, EVENT, SUM(QTY) AS TQTY, AVG(QTY * 1.0) AS MEAN
into dbo.G10FmvCourseEventAvg
FROM
dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventQty
GROUP BY COURSE, EVENT;
SELECT
v1.COURSE, v1.ALTERNATIVE_ID, v1.EVENT,
v1.QTY, v2.MEAN, v1.QTY / v2.MEAN AS RATIO
into dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventQty AS v1
INNER JOIN dbo.G10FmvCourseEventAvg AS v2
ON v1.COURSE = v2.COURSE
AND v1.EVENT = v2.EVENT;
// Individual Metrics table for each of the 9 metrics
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_ASSMT_TAKE,
Ratio as R_ASSMT_TAKE
INTO G10FASSMT_TAKE
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'sam.assessment.take';
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_ASN_READ,
Ratio as R_ASN_READ
INTO G10FASN_READ
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'asn.read.assignment';
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SELECT COURSE,ALTERNATIVE_ID,QTY as Q_ASN_SUB,Ratio as R_ASN_SUB
INTO G10FASN_SUB
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'asn.submit.submission';
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_CONTENT_READ,
Ratio as R_CONTENT_READ
INTO G10FCONTENT_READ
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'content.read';
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_LESSONS_VIEW,
Ratio as R_LESSONS_VIEW
INTO G10FLESSONS_VIEW
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'melete.section.read';
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
sum(QTY) as Q_FORUM_POST,
sum(QTY) / sum(Mean) as R_FORUM_POST
INTO G10FFORUM_POST
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT in ('forums.new' , 'forums.newtopic' , 'forums.response')
GROUP BY COURSE, ALTERNATIVE_ID;
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_FORUM_READ,
Ratio as R_FORUM_READ
INTO G10FFORUM_READ
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT ='forums.read';
SELECT
COURSE,
ALTERNATIVE_ID,
QTY as Q_SESSIONS,
Ratio as R_SESSIONS
INTO G10FSESSIONS
FROM dbo.G10FmvCourseStudentEventRatio
WHERE EVENT = 'pres.begin';
Left Joining each of the Metrics with the PCS table:
SELECT C.ALTERNATIVE_ID, C.COURSE,C.COURSENUM,C.SUBJECT,C.ONLINE_FLAG,C.ENROLLMENT,
C.RC_LETTERGRADE,C.CLASS_RANK,C.PERCENTILE,C.SAT_VERBAL_SCORE,C.SAT_MATH_SCORE,
C.APTITUDE_SCORE,C.AGE,C.RC_GENDER,C.RC_FTPT,C.RC_CLASS,C.CUM_GPA,
C.SEM_GPA,C.ACADEMIC_STANDING,C.RMN_SCORE,
CT.R_CONTENT_READ,
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ASN.R_ASN_SUB,
FP.R_FORUM_POST,
FR.R_FORUM_READ,
LS.R_LESSONS_VIEW,
ASSMT.R_ASSMT_TAKE,
ASMS.R_ASSMT_SUB,
ASNR.R_ASN_READ,
SES.R_SESSIONS,
C.ACADEMIC_RISK
into G10FPCSM
FROM dbo.G10FNtnullPCS C
LEFT JOIN G10FCONTENT_READ CT
ON C.COURSE = CT.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = CT.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN dbo.G10FSESSIONS SES
ON C.COURSE = SES.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = SES.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN dbo.G10FASN_SUB ASN
ON C.COURSE = ASN.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = ASN.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN G10FFORUM_POST FP
ON C.COURSE = FP.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = FP.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN G10FFORUM_READ FR
ON C.COURSE = FR.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = FR.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN G10FLESSONS_VIEW LS
ON C.COURSE = LS.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = LS.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN dbo.G10FASSMT_TAKE ASSMT
ON C.COURSE = ASSMT.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = ASSMT.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN dbo.G10FASSMT_SUB ASMS
ON C.COURSE = ASMS.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = ASMS.ALTERNATIVE_ID
LEFT JOIN dbo.G10FASN_READ ASNR
ON C.COURSE = ASNR.COURSE AND C.ALTERNATIVE_ID = ASNR.ALTERNATIVE_ID;
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