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ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
9.-Identify transformations, the main achievements and the challenges still pending,
whereas the period 1821-1910 and write an essay on the question..
“THE MEXICAN’S EDUCATION IN 1821”.
The modern history of education in Mexico, is closely related to the arrival of the liberal
ideas that gave birth in Europe since the 18th century, and in our country and found a
fertile on the 19th floor.
We know that 19th century scored in our history, the fight between two positions –
political, social, economic and ideological counter-: conservatism and liberalism. Many
processes influenced to transform the Mexico that left behind the colonial era and was
included in the concert of Nations with liberal leadership.
They will be the first Liberal governments, result of the independence process, which
creates the instances responsible for public education in Mexico. The liberal laws of 1883,
will lay the groundwork for such education: free, secular, and competence of the State.
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2° SEMESTER
ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
The first Ministry that was in charge of public education was the Secretary of State and
the Office of Foreign Affairs and Interior - 1821 - 1836-; It was followed by the Ministry of
the Interior, which in addition to the field of public instruction was in charge of the
ecclesiastical business and justice.
It was in 1841 that was created the Ministry of public instruction and industry. Given the
vicissitudes of the political from the mid-19th century, the educational branch joined the
Office of Interior and exterior. In 1856, it is part of the Ministry of Interior, justice,
business ecclesiastical and public instruction.
The second empire 1864-1867, create their own institutions, education was then attended
by the Ministry of public instruction and cults.
The final triumph of the liberal project in 1867, the Government of Benito Juárez
structures the Secretariat of State and the Office of Justice and public instruction. In the
spirit of the reform laws prints you public education compulsory, free and secular
character.
With this name, though consistently redefining its functions and activities, this Ministry
will deal with education in Mexico until the twentieth century, (1905).
BECENE
L.E.S.E.I.
2° SEMESTER
ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
Despite good intentions, the municipalities were unable to tackle the educational issue
and already for 1919, public education resented badly the lack of an adequate
organization: only in the Federal District, remained open 148 344 schools existing in 1917.
With the arrival of Adolfo de la Huerta to power, changes started to remedy this situation.
In the foreground, was awarded to the University Department the educational role of the
Government of the Federal District had.
To comply with the democratization of educational administration, and with the principles
of the third constitutional article, it was already necessary action at the national level, as
not enough to only declare free, secular, and compulsory education: was needed to take
steps to carry out it. Mexico until the twentieth century, (1905).
The project of creating a Federal public education Secretariat, required a constitutional
reform; While this occurred, assumed the stewardship of the National University, the
Bachelor José Vasconcelos Calderón, who had emerged as one of the more strong
supporters to the federal character education.
As rector of the University and head of the University Department, Lic. Vasconcelos began
the practical formulation of the project, undertaking various measures in order to bring
together the different educational levels; he purged the addresses of campuses, began the
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ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
distribution of school breakfasts and carried out its fundamental idea: that the new
Secretary of education had a departmental structure. The three core departments were:
• The school Department in which all educational levels, were integrated from the garden
of childhood, to the University.
• The Department of libraries, in order to ensure reading materials to support education
at all levels, and
• The fine arts department to coordinate the artistic activities of education.
Later other departments were created to combat specific problems, such as the Aboriginal
education, literacy campaigns, etc.
Vasconcelos took the educational tasks from the perspective of the linking of the school
with the social reality; in his speech of inauguration as Chancellor of the University, he
said: "To say education I am referring to a direct teaching on the part of those who know
something, for those who know nothing; I am referring to a teaching that serve to
increase the productive capacity of each hand that works, each brain thinking.
The construction of the national project has been based in a mixture, often conflicting, of
tradition
and
modernity.
Both
perspectives
have
coexisted
antagonistic
or
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2° SEMESTER
ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
complementary; but, aside from its specific political connotations, they have remained as
valid values when defining and implementing government policies.
In the history of the 19th and 20th centuries, modernity has granted when a value of
innovation per is. Why modernization processes usually located in joints of great
economic transformations do not necessarily coincide with the rhythms of cultural
development, which saved a relative independence of them.
In the consummate independence in 1821, began efforts to create the laws of the new
nation, after three centuries of dependence of the Spanish Empire. The legality of
independence was sanctioned in the Plan of Iguala, which called for the unity between
Americans and Europeans (Spaniards resident in Mexico), as the basis of Concord for the
tasks of political and economic reconstruction. Libertador document not could, however,
reconciling conflicting interests between peninsular Spanish and Spanish American
(criollos), the two most important political and social forces of the time.
In 1832 rises Veracruz garrison under the command of general Antonio de Santa Anna,
who calls for the return to power of Gómez Pedraza. The imposition of this was the bridge
to take office by the own Santa Anna (1833). His Government had as Vice President to
Valentín Gómez Farías, liberal with a reputation for honesty, which decreed military
ecclesiastical reform (1833-1834) to combat the privileges of the Church and the army.
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ARELLANO PEREZ EDNA YOLANDA
LA EDUCACION EN EL DESARROLLO HISTÓRICO DE MEXICO
Gómez Farías becomes the initiator of the first reform laws against the Church:
confiscation of the goods of the clergy, secularization of teaching and administration of
the patrimony of the Church. The reaction to the reform program was violent, as it was to
be expected, given the impact that implied. Santa Anna returns from his hacienda (nail
sleeve), abrogates the anticlerical laws and eventually oust Gómez Farías, suppressing the
Vice Presidency. With this Act the path opens the new centralist Constitution, seven laws
(1835-1836), which replaced the 1824. States are transformed into departments and their
incomes are at the disposal of the central Government, which contributes to occurring
events of special importance, such as the independence of Texas (1836), the first war with
France (1838-1839) and the separation of the State of Yucatán (1841).
Bibliografía
http://www.oei.es/cultura2/mexico. (s.f.). Obtenido de Cultura en México.