Introduction
Why Do You Need This Book?
The Value of the JHA
What Is A Job Hazard Analysis?
What is in this Book?
Connecting the Dots
Part 1, Developing a Toolkit for Identifying Workplace Risk and Hazards
Chapter 1, Preparing for the Risk and Hazard Assessment
The Centerpiece of a Safety Process
Hazard Recognition and Control Systems
Conducting a Risk Assessment of the Workplace
Prioritizing the Risk Assessment Findings
Developing Solutions to Resolve Risk-Related Issues
Recommending and Implementing Controls
Monitoring the Results
Developing a System to Identify and Report Hazards
Company Safety Policy
Involving Employees in the JHA Process
Protecting Employees from Harassment
Identifying Workplace Hazards
Employee Reporting Systems
Verbal Reports
Suggestion Programs
Hazard Card Program
“Hazard Wanted” Program
A Word of Caution With Regard to Hazard Reporting
Maintenance Work Orders
Forms Used to Report Hazards
Action Planning
Tracking Hazards
Tracking by Committee
Follow-up Reviews
Codes of Safe Work Practices
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
A Sample Guidance in Writing a Complete Statement
Sample Policy Safety Statements
B Sample Forms for Employee Reporting Of Hazards
Tracking Hazard Corrections
Follow-Up Documentation
C Action Planning
Three Sample Versions are Included
D Codes of Safe Practices
Chapter 2, Workplace Hazard Analysis and Review of Associated Risk
Objective
Analysis of the Workplace System
Inspections and Audits
The Checklist
Consultant and Outside Specialist
Employee Interviews
Types of Inspections
General Walk-Around Inspections
Verification Reviews
Focus Reviews
Self-Assessment
Document Review
General Walk-Around Inspections
Verification Reviews
Focus Reviews
Self-Assessment
Document Review
Written Inspection Reports
Who Should Review the Workplace?
Supervisors
Employees
Safety Professionals
Preventive Maintenance Programs
Other Things to Consider during a Site Inspection
Incident Investigations
Trend Analysis
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
E Self-Inspection Checklists
Chapter 3, Developing Systems to Manage Hazards
Hierarchy of Controls
Why Engineering Controls?
Administrative Control
PPE
PPE Limitations
PPE Hazard Assessment
Work Practices and Safety Rules
General Safety Rules
Limitations of Work Practices and Safety Rules
Change Analysis
A Change in the Process
Building or Leasing a New Facility
New Equipment Installation
Using New Materials
Employee Changes
Adapting to Change
Other Analytical Tools for Consideration:
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
F Sample Safety Rules
G PPE Assessment
Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements
Hazard Assessment for PPE, Option 1
Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE, Option 2
Example Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form
Example Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz, (RECOMMENDED)
Sample PPE Policies, INSTRUCTIONS
H Safety Review of New/Relocated Equipment Major Modification Sign-Off Form I Other
Analytical Tools for Consideration
Part 2, Developing Systems that Support Hazard Recognition
Chapter 4, Understanding the Human Role in the Safety Process
How are At-Risk Events Developed?
What Contributes to an At-Risk Event?
The Feedback Loop
Behavior Approach
Changing Behavior
Understanding Why Employees Put Themselves at Risk
Understanding the Other Side of Safety
Benefits of Behavior-Based Safety
Behavior-Based Safety and Integrated Safety Management Functions
Seven Guiding Principles of Integrated Safety Management
Five Core Functions of Integrated Safety Management
Will a BBS Process Work for you?
Summary
Chapter Review Questions
References
Appendix
J Sample Behavior (At-Risk Events) List
Chapter 5, Effective Use of Employee Participation
Why Should Employees Be Involved?
Involving Employees in the Safety Management System
Close Contact with Hazards
Improved Support
More Participation More Awareness
Hawthorne Studies
Committee Participation
Getting Employee Participation Started
Form a Committee
How to involve Employees in the Process
Joint Labor-Management Committees
Other Joint Committees
Employee Safety Committees
Central Safety Committee
Function-Specific Committees
Areas of Employee Participation
Conducting Site Inspections
Routine Hazard Analysis
Developing or Revising Site-Specific Safety Rules
Training Other Employees
Employee Orientation
Different Approaches: Union and Non-Union Sites
Unionized Work Sites
Non-Union Work Sites
Forms of Employee Participation
What Can Management Must Do
Summary
Chapter Review Questions
References
Appendix
K Example of a Committee Team Charter
Chapter 6, Defining Associated Risk
Risk Management
General Risk Management Theories and Models
People (Employees)
The Environment
Tools/Equipment/Materials
Policies, Procedures, and Management Considerations
Job Steps and Task Considerations
The System Engineering Model
Risk versus Benefit
Risk Management Communication
Risk Management Responsibilities
Supervision Responsibilities
Employees Responsibilities
Risk Assessment
Classification and Ranking Hazards
Risk versus Opportunity
Safety Significance
What Does Success Look Like?
Summary
Chapter Review Questions
References
Chapter 7, Assessing Safety and Health Training Needs
How is a Good Trainer Defined?
Basic Training Principles
Types of Safety Education
General Safety Instruction
How to Conduct Safety Training
Training Plan Linked To Consequences
Natural consequences
System consequences
Steps in the Course Development Process
Conducting a Training Needs Analysis
Developing Learning Activities
Establishing Learning Objectives
Guidelines for Writing Learning Objectives
Components of Learning Objectives
Target Audience
Audience Analysis
Behavior
Types of Behavior in Learning Objectives
Cognitive behaviors
Knowledge-level cognitive behaviors
Comprehension-level cognitive behaviors
Application-level cognitive behaviors
Problem-solving cognitive behaviors
Psychomotor Behaviors
Affective Behaviors
Learning Styles
Conditions
Course Content Development
Delivering Effective Safety Training
Safety Program Evaluation
Level 1: Measuring Employees Reaction
Level 2: Measures KSA's in the Learning Environment
Level 3: Evaluates the application of KSA's in the Work Environment
Level 4: Evaluates how training has impacted productivity
Level 5: Evaluates how training has impacted profits
Recordkeeping
Other Effective Training
“Blues Clues” Training Techniques
Improved Self-Esteem?
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
L Sample, Safety and Health Training Policy,
ANSI Guidelines for Evaluating Training Programs
Sample Safety Training Program Audit
Sample Training Certification
Part 3- Developing an Effective Job Hazard Analysis
Chapter 8, Planning for the Job Hazard Analysis
Where do I begin?
Regaining the “Feel” of the Workplace
Conducting the JHA
Why is a JHA Important?
Benefits of Developing JHA's
Drawbacks of a JHA
Why Is It Important to Get Employees Involved in the Process?
Selecting a Team
How do I know that A JHA will Work For Me?
Defining the JHA
Selecting the Jobs for Analysis
Non-Routine Tasks
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
M Description of Common Hazards
Chapter 9, Breaking the Job Down Into Individual Components
Basic Steps in the JHA Development Process
Tasks Defined
Using a Checklist
Methods for Breaking down the Job into Steps and Tasks
Discussion Method
Observation Method
What Tools can be used to enhance the JHA Process?
Cameras and Video Equipment
Drawings and Sketches
“Can’t See the Forest for the Trees”
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix
N Sample Facility Checklist
Chapter 10, Putting together the Puzzle Pieces
Completing the JHA Form
The Header
Job Description
Department
Date Developed
Page Numbering
Performed by
Approvals
PPE
Body of JHA
Job Steps and Task-Specific Description
Risk Assessment
Existing and Potential Hazards and Consequences of Exposure
At-Risk Events and Preventative Measures
Preventative Measures
Eliminate the hazard.
Substitute
Engineering
Contain the hazard
Administrative Controls
Revise work procedures
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Reduce the exposure
Residual Risk
Benefit review, Getting the Biggest Bang for the Buck
Okay, I have completed the JHA, Now What!
Review JHAs until Employee Understands Hazards of Job
Revising the JHA
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix O
Sample instructions on how to change a tire on a car.
Sample Job Hazard Analysis Pre-Hazard Assessment Worksheet
JHA on Changing a Tire
JHA on Changing a Tire, Annotated
Comparison JHA on Changing a Tire, Traditional vs. New Version
Job Hazard Analysis, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety (CCOHS)
Chapter 11, Standard or Safe Operating Procedures (SOP)
How Far is far enough? Why develop an SOP?
Elements of an SOP
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
Appendix
P Standard Operating Procedure for Changing a Tire Send New Updated File
Part 4, Additional Tools That Can Be Used To Develop A Successful JHA
Chapter 12, Overview of a Safety Management Process
Process Elements
What are the Voluntary Protection Programs?
How does VPP work?
How does VPP help employers and employees?
Management Commitment and Leadership
Employee participation
Hazard Identification and Assessment
Hazard Prevention and Control)
Education and Training
Employee Training
Management Training
Evaluation of Process Effectiveness
The Nature of All Safety Systems
Indicators and Measures
Assessment Techniques
Multi-Employer Workplace
Employee Rights
Healing a Sick System
The PDSA Cycle
Voluntary Protection Program
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix None
Chapter 13, Six Sigma as a Management System: A Tool for Effectively Managing a JHA
Process
Six Sigma Exposed
The Beginning
What Does Process Improvement Mean?
What Does Process Improvement Look Like?
Benefits of Improving a Process
Improving the Process Using the Six Sigma Methodology
A Basic Six Sigma Process Improvement Model
DMAIC Methodology
Defining the Project
Measuring the Project
Analyzing the Project
Improving the Project
Controlling the Project
Define Phase
Step 1, Define the Scope of the Project.
Selecting the Process
Step 2, Developing a Problem Statement
Step 3, Define the Appropriate Metric
Step 4, Develop Objective Statement
Step 5, Select and Organize the “Right” Team.
Measure Phase
Step 6, Develop a Macro Map of Current Process
Step 7, Define the project with Pareto charts, XY matrix, etc.
Analyze Phase
Step 9, Tool Use (Process Flow, XY Matrix, Gauge Studies, Fishbone, FMEA)
Step 10, Identify Root Cause(s) for lack of Capability Using Specific Analysis Techniques
Improve Phase
Step 11, Design and Conduct Experiment, as applicable
Step 12, Defining the Y= f(x) of the Process
Control Phase
Step 13, Optimizing and Redefining Solutions
Step 14, Control Critical X’s and Monitor Y’s
Step 15, Verify the Change and Collect Data
Key areas of Six Sigma
Six Sigma levels
Investing in Prevention Pay off!!
Positive Changes to Corporate Culture
Summary
Review Chapter Questions
References
Appendix Q Cause and Effect Matrix
Process Flow Diagram of Changing a Tire based on XY Matrix (Simplified)
List the Inputs (Y’s) to the Process XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task
List the Inputs (Y’s) to the Process XY Matrix and Assign Ranking
List the process Job steps and inputs (Job Task) XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task
Rank the inputs according to their effect on each output XY Matrix
XY Matrix for Assessing Job Steps and Task, Identify the critical inputs from the totals column
Final Words, Can You Develop a Culture that Will Sustain Itself?
Taking a Closer Look at Reality
Reference
Appendix R
OSHA Regional Offices
Glossary
Solutions to Chapter Questions