Honors Chemistry
Unit 1 Test Review
How to be successful: Read the chapter, know and understand the concepts discussed in class, understand the vocabulary
terms.
Reading, Chemistry, Matter and Change: Ch.2, Ch.3, Ch.4, Ch.25
Key terms:
chemical change
chemical property
mass defect
chemical reaction
compound
nuclear fusion
chemical formula
radioactivity
Thomson
mass
matter
physical change
solution
d=m/v
binding energy
extensive properties
intensive properties
Millikan
heterogeneous
homogeneous
nuclear fission
pure substance
gamma ray
beta particle
E=mc2
filtration
distillation
atom
atomic number
Democritus
electron
isotope
Daltons Atomic Theory
mass number
neutron
nucleus
proton
atomic number
atomic mass
Gold Foil Exp.
atomic mass unit
Electromagnetic force
alpha particle
element
Oil Drop Experiment
physical property
law of conservation of mass
Rutherford
Chadwick
half-life
C-14 dating
electron capture
Cathode ray tube
Strong nuclear force
positron emission
Problems and questions:
1. What are the four states of matter?
2.
What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures?
3.
What is the difference between elements and compounds?
4.
What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures?
5.
Describe how to separate a mixture of a dissolved solid in a liquid.
6.
How are pure substances separated into atoms?
7.
What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?
8.
What are the differences between physical/chemical changes?
9.
What is the difference between physical and chemical properties?
10. What are the two types of pure substances?
11. What do all pure substances have in common?
12. How is a pure substance made of two elements different from a mixture made of two elements?
13. Round each of the following numbers to 3 significant figures: a) .09882
b) 123,459
c) 102.45
14. Calculate: (12.22 x 14.02 x 120.1 x .555) / 10.00 = __________________
15. A sample of metal having a mass of 12.122 g is added to a graduated cylinder containing 35.2 mL of water. The water level
rises to 38.4mL. Calculate the density, use correct significant figures.
16. Explain the law of conservation of mass.
17. List three points of Dalton’s atomic theory.
1
18. Describe Thompson’s experiment with the cathode ray tube, what did he discover?
19. How did Chadwick figure out the existence of neutrons?
20. Describe Millikan’s Oil Drop experiment. What exactly did he determine?
21. Explain Rutherford’s Gold Foil experiment. What were three observations and three conclusions?
22. What is the difference between fission and fusion? Use nuclear reactions to illustrate your answer.
23. What is an isotope?
24. Match the letters with the correct decay particle
(a, b, g )
25. For the types of radiation given, which is the correct order of increasing ability to penetrate a piece of lead?
(A)  <  < 
(B)  <  < 
(C)  <  < 
(D)  <  < 
26. Place the forms of H (H, H+, H-, H2) in the table.
Atom
Cation
27.
Particle
Symbol
Mass
(amu,s)
Mass in (g)
Anion
Charge
Location
Molecule
Who Discovered
proton
neutron
electron
28. Where does the positron come from in positron emission? What is the other particle produced?
29. Write the nuclear symbol for an isotope with Z=40, and 45 neutrons?
30. Describe the two forces involved in containing protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
31. Why does an unstable nucleus decay?
32. Why is C-14 used to determine that age of artifacts?
33. Why is the mass of protons and neutrons outside the nucleus different then when they are inside the nucleus. What is this
called?
2
For the following write balanced nuclear reactions.
I undergoes positron ( 01 e) emission
34.
180
53
35.
214
83
36.
137
60
Nd produces an  - particle
37.
170
80
Hg
38.
196
92
39.
214
82
Bi undergoes electron capture
undergoes
b particle ( -10 e) emission
U produces an  - particle ( 24 He )
Pb
undergoes electron capture
40.
41.
42.
43. 1 H + 1 H
1
2
® ___+ 01n
44. The half-life of
210
83
Bi is 1.0 year. If you begin with 500g of this isotope, how many grams will you have left 1 decade later?
45. The half-life of francium is 21 minutes. Starting with 4x1018 atoms of francium, how many atoms would
disintegrate in 1 hour and 45 minutes? What fraction of the original sample remains?
46. An ancient piece of cloth was discovered at an archaeological site and it contained only 6.25% of the C-14 as compared to a
similar sample from today. How old is this cloth if the half-life of C-14 is 5730 years?
47. A 2.5 gram sample of an isotope of strontium-90 was formed in a 1960 explosion of an atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the
Pacific Test Site. The half-life of strontium-90 is 28 years. In what year will only 0.625 grams of this strontium-90 remain?
48. Calculate the average atomic mass of the following atom:
Zn-64 63.95 amu
38.25%
Zn-65 64.02 amu
6.25%
Zn-66 65.22 amu
55.50%
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5
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