Science 8
Final Exam- Topic Outline
Name: _____________
Chapter 1
Important terms:
Water cycle
evaporation
condensation
precipitation
Hydrosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
salinity
Density
freezing point
drainage basins
ground water
glaciers
Concepts:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Label the water cycle
Ocean water vs. fresh water
Distribution of water
Amount of fresh water available for us to use
Sources of fresh water
Climate change affecting glaciers (global warming- 2 ways)
Chapter 2
Important terms:
Ocean current
Wave
Tide
Spring tide
Neap tide
Erosion
Deposition
Headlands
Salinity
Density
Continental shelf
Continental slope
Abyssal Plain
Mid-ocean ridge
Concepts:
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
List at least five abiotic factors that affect plant and animal distribution in water
Explain the four processes that lead to the development of ocean basins
Draw a typical ocean basin. Include the four main features.
Technologies that help explore ocean basins
Identify local ocean currents.
Wave interactions with shorelines depend on four factors. Explain all four factors!
Explain how waves affect headlands and bays
Explain how the Moon influences tides
List 6 landforms that are a result of erosion and deposition
List different technologies that help protect the shoreline from wave damage
How does salinity affect density?
Chapter 3
Important terms:
Convection currents
El Nino
La Nina
Concepts:
1. Describe how oceans moderate climate
2. Describe how convection affects weather
3. Recognize how Newfoundland and Labrador’s close proximity to the Labrador Current and the
Gulf Stream affect our climate
4. Explain the causes/effects/results of El Nino and La Nina
5. Recognize that new technologies have contributed to overfishing
6. Recognize that aquaculture technologies can impact marine environments
Chapter 7
Important terms:
Fluids
Viscosity
Flow rate
Particle Theory of Matter
Important concepts:
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Compare solids, liquids, and gases using the particle theory of matter
o Shape
o Volume
o Particle arrangement
o Particle movement
Identify examples of fluids in everyday life
Explain the relationship between velocity and friction
Identify examples of viscosity in everyday life
Identify examples of liquids with different flow rates
Compare the viscosity of various liquids
What are some factors that can modify the viscosity of a liquid?
Explain a liquid’s resistance to flow in terms of the particle theory of matter
o Strength of attraction between particles
o Temperature
o Concentration
Chapter 8
Important terms:
Mass
Volume
Density
Important concepts:
-
Explain how the particle theory of matter relates to density (spaces)
Describe the relationship between state of matter and density (refer to chart in notes)
Calculate the density, mass, and volume of various substances
Identify examples of density changes in everyday life
Identify examples where the density of a substance changes naturally
CORE LAB
Chapter 9
Important terms:
Force
Newton
Balanced force
Unbalanced force
Weight
Mass
buoyancy
Average density
swim bladder
Pressure
Pascal
Atmospheric pressure
Pneumatic system
Hydraulic system
Pascal’s Law
Important concepts:
-
Explain the difference between weight and mass
Explain why an object sinks/floats
What are some technologies that have been developed because of our understanding of density
and buoyancy?
List examples of materials that may sink or float
Calculate pressure, force, and area
Explain the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature when liquids and gases are
heated or compressed
Unit 3- Chapters 4-6
Important terms
light
specular
diffuse
refraction
rectilinear propagation
frequency
spectrum
wavelength
trough
crest
electromagnetic
visible light spectrum
incident light ray
normal
reflected light ray
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
specular reflection
diffuse reflection
plane mirror
concave mirror
convex mirror
law of reflection
focal point
principal axis
refraction
angle of refraction
refracted ray
lens
concave lens
convex lens
near-sightedness
far-sightedness
Important concepts
1. Provide examples of ideas and theories of light:
a. Pythagoras
b. Galileo
c. Michelson
2. Speed of light
3. Compare the speed of light to the speed of sound
4. Early technologies that involved light:
a. Microscope
b. Telescope
5. Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength
6. Describe the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, frequency, and energy
7. Provide examples of the use of each type of electromagnetic radiation
8. State positive and negative effects of the following:
a. Radio waves
b. X-rays
c. Ultraviolet
d. Gamma rays
9. State the properties of visible light
10. List the constituent colours of white light in order of degree of refraction
11. Relate the amount of refraction for each colour to its wavelength. Include:
a. Red
b. Violet
12. Provide examples of each type of mirror:
a. Plane
b. Concave
c. Convex
13. Construct ray diagrams for the following mirrors:
a. plane
b. concave
c. convex
14. List the SPOT characteristics for each ray diagram
15. Differentiate between real and virtual images
16. Law of Reflection Lab
17. Refraction Lab
18. Measure angles of incidence, reflection, and refraction
19. Provide examples of each type of lens- concave and convex
20. Describe how the different lenses refract light
21. Describe how lenses correct near-sightedness and far-sightedness
Chapter 10
Important terms
cell
cell theory
cell wall
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
vacuole
mitochondria
mitosis
Important concepts
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Describe the four characteristics of living things
Identify and label the major parts of the compound microscope:
o Eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, coarse adjustment knob, fine adjustment knob, light
source, iris diaphragm, base, barrel (tube), arm, revolving nosepiece
Label the organelles of plant and animal cells
Describe the function of the organelles found in typical plant and animal cells
Draw a typical plant and animal cell
List three differences between plant and animal cells
Chapter 11
Important terms
Tissue
organ
organ system
Important concepts
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Describe the levels of organization
Recognize that cells and organisms require the same basic necessities of life: oxygen, nutrients,
waste removal
Identify the main function and organs of the following systems:
o Circulatory
o Digestive
o Respiratory
o Excretory
o Muscular
o Nervous
Chapter 12
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Explain the roles that diet, nutrition, stress and exercise can have on the human body
(worksheet)
Brief description of the following:
o Insulin pump
o Artificial heart
Describe the different connections between systems
o Circulatory and Respiratory
o Circulatory and Digestive
o Nervous and Muscular
The Effect of Activity on Heart Rate and Breathing Rate (Lab)
What is cellular respiration? Describe