STAAR Review Part II
I.
Chromosomal Mutations -Can have severe effects on the offspring
because they affect 1000’s of genes. Identify the chromosomal
abnormalities below using the following terms: Deletion, Inversion,
Translocation, Duplication
B. A _____________________One way to identify a chromosomal mutation using
a pictoral display of stained chromosomes during metaphase. Chromosomes are
ordered from largest to smallest and the sex chromosomes are last. Observe the
karyotype below and identify the sex and disorder the individual may have use
the chart below to help you. Identify the defect in the karyotypes below indicate
whether they are male or female and the problem:
A.
B.
II.
Genetic Engineering Methods identify each method described below:
( word bank: Gene cloning, Gel electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting,
Gene Sequencing, Polymerase Chase reaction or PCR)
a. Used to make many copies of DNA
_______________________________
b. A method used to make copies of DNA and place into other
organisms to reproduce ______________________
c. A method used to separate DNA based on size and
charge______________________
d. A method used to identify the sequence of nucleotides in a
gene__________________
e. A method used to identify an individual or who they may be related
to _________________________________
GENETICS
III.
Different forms of a gene are called _______________ and they are carried
on your ____________. Humans have ____ chromosomes in each cell. A
_____________ is the entire genetic makeup of an organism. A _______is
the physical appearance of an organism. The Principal of dominance states
that the dominant allele is what is expressed usually this is a ______
letter(T). The recessive allele will only appear in the phenotype when it is
_______________. A recessive allele is usually represented as a
__________ letter(t). A purebred is also known as ________________(TT or
tt). A Hybrid is known as ______________(Tt).
Solve the following dihybrid cross: Wolves are sometimes observed to have
black coats and blue eyes. Assume further that normal coat color (N) is dominant
to black (n) and brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue (b). Suppose the alpha male
and alpha female of a pack are black with blue eyes and normal colored with
brown eyes, respectively. The female is also heterozygous for both traits. What are
the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and percentages?
Parent Genotypes _____________ X ________________
F1 Genotypes
Gametes
F1 Phenotypes
___ ___ ___ ___
___ ____ ___ ___
Solve the following Incomplete Dominance Problem:
A cross between a blue blahblah bird (bb) & a white blahblah bird (ww)produces
offspring that are silver(bw.) The color of blahblah birds is determined by just two
alleles. Determine the genotypes and phenotypes from a cross between two silver
blah blah birds.
Parent Genotypes ________ x __________
F1 Genotypes :
Gametes
F2 Genotypes:
___,___
___,___
Solve the following Co-Dominance Problem:
In chickens the alleles for black feathers and white feathers are both expressed in
the heterozygous genotype. These chickens (erminette)have a mix of black and
white feathers. Cross a white feathered chicken with a black feathered rooster.
Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the F1 progeny.
Parents: ___________ x___________
F1 Genotypes
F1 Phenotypes:
Solve the following Multiple Allele Problem: ABO Blood Type in Humans uses
three alleles for the same gene. A and B are codominant and O is recessive. The
Letter I,i are used to show inheritance. Cross a man with type B blood who father
was A with a type O female. Use the table below for assistance.
Blood type
Genotype
A
IAIA or IAi
B
IBIB or IBi
AB
IAIB
O
ii
IV. Sexual Reproduction – MEIOSIS
1. In sexual reproduction a ____ from the male and an ____ from the female
unite to form a __________egg or _________. Fertilization takes place in
the __________ tubes inside the female.
2. Egg and sperm are called ________. Gametes contain ______ the number of
chromosomes in each cell. They are called ________ cells(n).
3. These gamete cells are produced in the ovary and testes in a process called
_______. During Meiosis a diploid cell divides _______ resulting in ___
haploid cells.
4. Only gamete cells undergo __________.
5. Human cells have ______ chromosomes or 23 pairs of _____________
___________. A human receives 23 chromosomes from one parent and ___
chromosomes from the other this is known as the ________ number or (2n)
6. In Meiosis there are ___ divisions of the nucleus that results in four _______
cells. In the first stage Prophase I ___________ _____ takes place when
homologous chromosomes form into ______( groups of 4) and exchange
genetic information. This process ensures genetic _________ of the
offspring so that each one is __________ from the parent.
B. Match the following phases with their descriptions:
Word bank: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, TelophaseI,Prophase II,
Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
___1. During this phases homologous chromosomes form tetrads and crossing over occurs.
___2. During this phase tetrads line up on the metaphase plate and attach centromeres to
the spindle fibers.
___3. During this phase sister chromotids line up in the middle.
___4. During this phase sister chromotids separate and chromosomes migrate to opposite
poles
___5. During this phase the homolgous pairs separate and sister chromatids migrate to
opposite poles.
___6. A nuclear membrane forms around the two sets of sister chromotids and the
membrane pinches into two new cells.
___7. A nuclear membrane formss around four new cells of chromomes or haploid cells.
C. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis below:
1. The role of mitosis is for cell ___________ and ___________. Cells are ______ to
each other. One cell divides into _______ new identical cells.
2. The role of Meiosis is to ______________ genetically different individuals. One cell
divides into _______ genetically __________ cells.
IV.
Plants / Photosynthesis & Respiration Label the leaf below using the terms:
epidermis, cuticle, stomata, guard cell, mesophyll , vein
1. The four major organs in plants are _______, __________,
________, and ___________.
2. Two types of roots are _________ and __________ roots. The
fibrous roots extend root _______ to increase water absorption
and __________ area. They especially help prevent ________ of
the soil. Tap roots are found in ________ plants that need grow
deep in order to get to water.
3. In the stem there are veins that make up the __________
system that consist of two types of cells _________ for
transporting water and _________ for transporting food.
4. Plants make their food in the leaves where ____________ are
located.
5. Photosynthesis formula is
___________________________________________________
Circle the reactants and place a box around the products
6. Plants perform both photosynthesis and respiration. The
formula for respiration is
___________________________________________________
Circle the products and put box around the reactants.
7. Photosynthesis and respiration are considered to be connected
because the ___________ or one are the __________ of the
other. Label the image using
Light, photosynthesis, ATP, heat energy, cellular respiration, chloroplast,
mitochondria, sugar, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water