ROOT WORDS USED
FREQUENTLY IN CHEMISTRY
root
meaning
electr, -i, -o
electrode
met, -a
between, change
-ane
single covalent bond
elem
basic
meter
measure
-ene
double covalent bond
empir, -o
experienced
mill -e, -i, -o
one thousand
-ion
process
en
in, into
misc
mix
-oid
like, form
equ
equal
mon -a, -er, -o
single, one
-yne
triple covalent bond
erg
work
morph, -a, -o
form
-meter
measure
exo
out, outside, without
neo
new, recent
a-
not, without
ferr, -o
iron
neutr
neither
acid
sour, sharp
fiss, -i, -ur
cleft, split
nom, -en, -in
name
alkali
soda ash, alkali
flu
flow
non
not, ninth
allo, -io
other, different ]
fract
break, broken
nuc, -ell, -i
center
alpha
1st letter of Greek alphabet
gamma
3rd letter of Greek alphabet
oct, -i, -o
eight
amin
ammonia
gen
bear, produce, beginning
orbi, -t, to
circle
amph, -i, -o
double, on both sides
glyc, -er, -o
sweet
oxid
oxygen
anti
against, opposite
graph, -o, -y
write, writing
photo
light
aqua
water
halo-
salt
polar, -i
of the pole, polarity
baro
pressure
hetero-
other, different
poly
many
beta
2nd letter of Greek alphabet
hom, eo, -o
same, alike
pro
forward, positive, for,
in front of
bi
two
hybrid
hybrid, combination
quant
how much
carb, -o, -on
coal, carbon
hydr, -a, -i, -o
water
radi, -a, -o,
spoke, ray, radius
chem
chemistry
hyper
over, above, excessive
sacchar, -o
sugar
co, -l, m, -n
with, together
hypo
under, beneath
sal, -i
salt
com
with, together
im
not
solu-
dissolve
conjug
joined together
in
in, into
spect
see, look at
cosm,-o
the world or universe
iso
equal
super
above, over
cry, -mo, -o
cold
kilo
thousand
syn
together, with
de
down, without, from
kine
move, moving, movement
therm, -o
heat
dens
thick
lip, -o
fat
thesis
an arranging, statement
di
separate, double, across
liqu, -e, -i
fluid, liquid
tran, -s
across, through
dis
separate, apart
lys, -io, -is, -io
loose, loosening,breaking
un
not
duc, -t
lead
macr, -o
large, long
vapor, -i
steam, vapor
e
out, without, from
malle, -o, -us
hammer
Vulcan
fire
mer, -e, -i,-o
a part
ef
out, from, away
Chemistry terms to know
Atomic mass
Atomic nucleus
Atomic number
Atomic theory
Atomic weight
Charged object
Electrically neutral
Electron
Electron cloud
Elementary particle
Ion
Isotope
Nuclear reaction
Neutron mass
Energy conversion
Proton
Relative mass
Stable
Strong force
Valence electrons
the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of an element
An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements
any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles
the ratio of the atomic mass of an element to half the atomic mass of carbon-12
objects with either a positive or negative electric charge.
an object that has equal amounts of positive and negative charges
an elementary particle with negative charge
a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
a particle that is less complex than an atom
a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative)
one of two or more atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of neutrons
a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
1 amu
a change from one form of energy to another
a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron
when everything is being compared to the proton mass, (ex: proton mass (kg)/neutron mass (kg))
not taking part readily in chemical change
the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms
The electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved
in forming bonds
Energy
the capacity of a physical system to do work
Subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Actual mass
The true mass of an object, as defined in terms of volume and weight
Atomic bonding
The linking together of atoms to form larger structures
Avogardo's hypothesis
Two equal volumes of gas, at same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules
Binary compound
chemical compound composed of only two elements
Chemical bond
an electrical force linking atoms
Chemical properties of elements how they react with other elements
Covalent bond
a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
Electronegativity
the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond
Electron sharing
the sharing of an electron between two atoms (covalent bond)
Electron transfer
A electron split away from one molecule is donated to another (ionic bond)
Energy sublevels
the energy levels contained within a principal energy level
Periodic table of the elements
A display of the elements based on atomic number
Ionic bond
a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains
to electron to form a negative ion
Ionization energy
the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Lewis structures
formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons, dot-pairs or dashes
between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only
one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons
Main group elements
Those elements occupying the s and p blocks of the periodic table.
Metalloids
elements that have characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Metallic bond
a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs
Outer electron
electrons in the outer shell
Thermal conductivity
the ability of an object to transfer heat
Absorbance spectrum
the reflection of the two particles in an atom that are formed in the nucleus
Chemical bond
an electrical force linking atoms
Electromagnetic radiation radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the
acceleration of an electric charge
Electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons in an atom
Excited state
a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than it has in its ground state
Ground state
the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle