Biology 20
Unit 1
“Introduction to Biology”
http://greenallbiology20.wikispaces.com/
Key Concepts:
- Biology
- Branches of Biology
o zoology
o botany
o microbiology
o cytology
o ecology
- Microscopes
o light, electron
o measuring with the microscope
o magnification, resolution (resolving power)
o proper care and use (microscopes)
o preparing a wet mount slide
o field of view
o parts of the microscope
- Chapter 1 – “Biology in the 21st Century (sections 1.1-1.5, pages 2-27)
o biosphere
o biodiversity
o species
o organism
o cell
o metabolism
o DNA
o system
o ecosystem
o homeostasis
o evolution
o adaptation
o observation
o data
o hypothesis
o experiments
o independent, dependant variable
o microscope
o gene
o molecular genetics
o biotechnology
o transgenic
- 2 important theories in Biology
o Alvarez Theory
 extinction of the dinosaurs
 Chicxulub Crater
o Theory of Natural Selection (Evolution)
 Charles Darwin
 “Survival of the Fittest”
Biology 20
Unit 2 Review
“Diversity of Life” – part 1
Key concepts:
Taxonomy
- taxon (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)
- dichotomous key
- 3 domains – Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
- 6 Kingdoms – Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- binomial nomenclature (3 rules)
- use of Latin in taxonomy
- Linnaeus (Carl von Linne)
- prokaryotes / eukaryotes
Viruses – classification, composition, characteristics, viral infections
Prokaryotes – Archaea & Bacteria:
-
obligate anaerobes
obligate aerobes
facultative aerobes
Archaea: 4 groups:
-
methanogens
psychrophiles
halophiles
thermophiles
Kingdom Protista – 3 groups (plant-like, fungal-like, animal-like)
- Plant-like protists – 6 phyla – Euglenoids (Euglenophyta), Diatoms
(Bacillariophyta), Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata), Green Algae (Chlorophyta),
Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Red Algae (Rhodophyta)
- Fungal-like protists – 2 phyla – slime molds (Myxomycota), water molds
(Oomycota)
- Animal-like protists – 4 phyla - Zooflagellates (Mastigophora), Sarcodines
(Rhizopoda), Ciliates (Ciliophora), Sporozoans (Apicomplexa)
Biology 20
Unit 2 Review
“Diversity of Life” – part 2
Key concepts:
Kingdom Fungi – chapter 19, section 19.5
- 4 main groups:
o Primitive fungi (phylum Chytridiomycota)
o Sac fungi (phylum Ascomycota)
o Molds (phylum Zygomycota)
o Club Fungi (phylum Basidoimycota)
Kingdom Plantae – chapter 20, sections 20.2 & 20.3
- 2 main categories: non-vascular & vascular
o Non-vascular plants – liverworts (phylum Hepatophyta) , hornworts
(phylum Anthocerophyta) and mosses (phylum Bryophyta)
o Vascular plants – can be subdivided into: Seedless and seed plants

Seedless plants (spore producers) - club mosses (phylum
Lycophyta), whisk ferns, horsetails and ferns (phylum Pterophyta)

Seed plants – two types:

Gymnosperms – (“naked seeds”) - cycads, ginkgos and
conifers

Angiosperms – (“flowering plants) – two types:
o Monocots
o Dicots
Kingdom Animalia – chapters 23, 24, 25
- Two types: invertebrates & vertebrates
-
Invertebrates:
o Sponges (Phylum Porifera)
o Cnidarians (Phylum Coelenterata)
o Flatworms (Phylum Platyheminthes)
o Roundworms (Phylum Nematoda)
o Segmented Worms (Phylum Annelida)
o Mollusks (Phylum Mollusca)
o Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)
o Echinoderms (Phylum Echindoermata)
One main vertebrate group:
- Chordates (Phylum Chordata)
o Sub-phylum Vertebrata – 7 classes:

Jawless Fish

Cartilaginous Fish

Bony Fish

Amphibians

Reptiles

Birds

Mammals
Biology 20
Unit 3
“Ecological Organizations”
Chapter 13 – “Principles of Ecology”
-
ecology
community, ecosystem, biome
observation, experimentation, modeling
biotic, abiotic
biodiversity
keystone species
producers, autotrophs
consumers, heterotrophs
chemosynthesis
food chain, food web
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, detritivores, decomposers
specialist, generalist
trophic level
hydrological cycle, biogeochemical cycle, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle (nitrogen
fixation), phosphorus cycle
biomass, energy pyramid