Name: _______________________________________________ Date: ____________________ Block: ______
Biology Final Review Sheet
CELLS
1. Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells = no nucleus, DNA in cytoplasm; Eukaryotic
cells = membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, DNA inside nucleus
2. How can you tell the difference between plant and animal cells? Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplast,
and one large central vacuole; animal cells have no cell wall or chloroplast and many small vacuoles
3. What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella? They help with cell movement
4. What is the purpose of the cell membrane? It protects the cell while allowing certain materials in and
keeping other materials out
5. What is produced in the ribosomes? To build proteins
6. What does cell specialization mean? Cells have different tasks in an organism
ECOLOGY
1. What organism(s) is (are) the producers? Algae
2. What organism(s) is (are) the consumers?
Zooplankton, shrimp, damselfish and barracuda
3. What is the main source of food for the shrimp? Zooplankton
4. Draw an energy pyramid representing this food chain.
5. Which organism has the most energy available to them? Algae
6. Contrast between a population, community, and ecosystem. A population is made up of the same species
living in the same area; a community is made up of different populations and an ecosystem is made up of
more than one community (biotic factors) and the abiotic factors.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
1. In what organelle does PS occur? Chloroplast
2. Write the equation for PS. Name each molecule in the equation and label products/reactants.
CO2 + H2O + Sunlight  Glucose + O2
3.
4.
5.
6.
Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight
glucose + oxygen
What is the purpose of PS? To convert solar energy into chemical energy (glucose) while releasing oxygen.
What organisms perform PS? Producers/Autotrophs
In what organelle does CR occur? Mitochondria
Write the equation for CR. Name each molecule in the equation and label products/reactants.
O2 + Glucose  H2O + CO2 + ATP
oxygen + glucose
water + carbon dioxide + ATP energy
7. How are the equations of PS and CR similar and different? Similar: Both processes create energy
Different: PS = is used by producers to create glucose and occurs in Chloroplast, CR = is used by producers
and consumers to create ATP and occurs in the mitochondria
8. What is the purpose of CR? To break down glucose to release energy
9. What organisms perform CR? Producers/Autotrophs and Consumers/Heterotrophs
10. Glycolysis, the Citric Acid/Krebs Cycle, and the electron transport chain are the three main steps in CR.
What molecule are they breaking down to get energy? Glucose
11. Give two differences between ADP and ATP? ADP has two phosphate groups and releases energy while
ATP has three phosphate groups and stores more energy.
12. What type of anaerobic CR is used to make beer and wine? Fermentation
13. What type of anaerobic CR is used in your muscle cells when working out strenuously? Lactic Acid
CELL DIVISION
1. If the diploid number of a species is 20, what is its haploid number? 10
2. If the haploid number of a species is 20, what is its diploid number? 40
3. What process is occurring?
Crossing Over
In what phase of meiosis does it occur?
Prophase I
4. How is cytokinesis different in plant and animal cells? Plant cells = cell plate forms which develops into cell
wall of each new cell; Animal cells = the cytoplasm pinches off and creates to new cells
5. In what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? Interphase
6. Name the following phases of the cell cycle above the pictures and number them in order below the
pictures.
Interphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
1
5
3
7. What types of cells are produced by mitosis? Body cells
8. What types of cells are produced by meiosis? Gametes (sex cells)
4
2
Are they haploid or diploid? Diploid
Are they haploid or diploid? Haploid
DNA/RNA
1. Genes on your DNA provide information used to make proteins.
2. List the three steps of DNA replication. DNA helicase “unzips” the double stranded DNA, DNA polymerase
adds new nucleotides to the “old” strand of DNA which creates the “new” strand of DNA and DNA Ligase
fills in any “gaps” on the sugar/phosphate backbone.
**In DNA replication, the new strands have one OLD strand and one NEW strand to make the double helix!**
3. Transcription and translation are the two steps of protein synthesis.
4. What happens during transcription? DNA is used to make a single strand of mRNA.
5. In what organelle does transcription occur? Nucleus
6. What happens during translation? mRNA is used to make proteins.
7. In what organelle does translation occur? Ribosome
8. Which types of RNA makes up the ribosome? Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
9. Which type of RNA carries the information from the DNA in the nucleus? Messenger RNA (mRNA)
10. Which type of RNA carries the amino acids to the ribosomes? Transfer RNA (tRNA)
11. Write the complimentary DNA strand below - A G G C T G C C T A A C C T
T CCGACGGATTGGA
12. Write the complimentary RNA strand below - A G G C T G C C T A A C C T
UCCGACGGAUUGGA
GENETICS
1. What are the sex chromosomes for a male? XY
2. What are the sex chromosomes for a female? XX
3. Which sex determines the sex of a child? WHY? The father determines the sex of the offspring based on
whether the male sperm carries the X chromosome or Y chromosome.
4. What is the chance of producing a daughter every time a couple reproduces? 50%
5. What is the chance of producing a son every time a couple reproduces? 50%
T
T
6. Cross a homozygous tall plant with a homozygous short plant.
Possible Offspring Genotype: Tt
Possible Offspring Phenotype: Tall
t
t
7. Cross two heterozygous tall plants.
Possible Offspring Genotype: TT, Tt, tt
Possible Offspring Phenotype: Tall, short
8. What are two facts you can determine from the karyotype below?
1. This karyotype is from a female.
2. She has an extra chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21).
9. Complete the Punnett Square below showing a dihybrid cross between tomato plants that area
heterozygous tall with red fruit.
TR
Tr
tR
tr
Key:
T = tall stem
t = short stem
R = red fruit
r = yellow fruit
TR
TTRR
TTRr
TtRR
TtRr
Tr
TTRr
TTRr
TtRr
Ttrr
tR
TtRR
TtRr
ttRR
ttRr
tr
TtRr
Ttrr
ttRr
ttrr
a. What is the chance of having offspring that are tall with red fruit?
b. What is the chance of having offspring that are tall with yellow fruit?
c. What is the chance of having offspring that are short with red fruit?
d. What is the chance of having offspring that are short with yellow fruit?
EVOLUTION
1. Which species are LEAST likely related to the others?
Fish and humans
2. The picture below shows homologous
structures. What does this mean?
Humans, cats, whales, and bats share a
common ancestor.
3. According to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection,
the fittest organisms will survive, reproduce and pass on their
advantageous traits to their offspring, allowing descent with modification.
4. Acquired characteristics are NOT inherited.
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