Chapter 9 Musculoskeletal Drugs
Quiz Yourself
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
A balance between new bone deposition and bone resorption is supported by
parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands and calcitonin hormone from the
thyroid gland, calcium in the diet, vitamin D in the diet and from exposure to the sun,
exercise, and—in women—by the hormones progesterone and estradiol from the
ovaries.
Bone resorption inhibitor drugs inhibit osteoclasts.
Alendronate and risedronate tablets are taken orally every morning, 30 minutes before
eating. Ibandronate is taken daily the 2.5-mg tablet), but its selling point is that it can
also be taken just once a month (the 150-mg tablet). Zoledronic acid is now approved to
treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with a single dose just once a year, but
that dose can only be given intravenously, which necessitates a visit to the doctor’s
office or clinic.
Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen drugs can increase the risk of endometrial
cancer, breast cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction; this has limited the use of these
drugs for the long-term treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
The abbreviation ASA stands for acetylsalicylic acid. The abbreviation COX stands for
cyclooxygenase-2. The abbreviation NSAID stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drug.
Salicylate drugs:
aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin); diflunisal (Dolobid); magnesium salicylate
(Doan’s); salsalate (Salsitab); Acetaminophen acetaminophen
(Tylenol).
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) :diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren);
etodolac fenoprofen (Nalfon); flurbiprofen (Ansaid); ibuprofen
(Advil, Motrin),;ndomethacin (Indocin); ketoprofen,
meclofenamate, meloxicam (Mobic); nabumetone,; naproxen
(Aleve, Naprosyn); oxaprozin (Daypro); piroxicam (Feldene);
sulindac (Clinoril); tolmetin
COX-2 inhibitor drugs:
celecoxib (Celebrex)
Corticosteroid drugs:
betamethasone (Celestone); cortisone; dexamethasone
(Decadron); hydrocortisone (Cortef, Solu-Cortef);
methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol, Medrol); prednisolone
(Orapred, Prelone); prednisone (Deltasone, Meticorten);
triamcinolone (Aristospan Intra-articular. Kenalog-10)
Hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid (Hyalgan, Synvisc)
Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic drug. Acetaminophen is an
analgesic and antipyretic, but not an anti-inflammatory drug.
An enteric-coated tablet does not dissolve in gastric acid; therefore the aspirin it contains
is not released in the stomach. It dissolves only when the tablet comes in contact with
the higher pH environment of the duodenum. This prevents the aspirin from irritating the
stomach and causing gastric ulcers in patients with osteoarthritis who regularly take
aspirin.
True.
Gold compound drugs inhibit the activity of the immune system’s macrophages that
attack and damage cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis. The cartilage damage in
osteoarthritis is caused by degenerative wear and tear, not an immune system
response, so gold compounds are not effective in treating osteoarthritis.
Strains, sprains, pulled muscles, muscle spasms, and stiffness.
12.
To what category of drugs does each of these drugs belong?
a. monoclonal antibody drug
b. bone resorption inhibitor drug
c. drug for gout
d. gold compound drug
e. natural substance from chile pepper plants
f. muscle relaxant drug
g. COX-2 inhibitor drug
h. NSAID
i. bone resorption inhibitor drug
j. NSAID
k. selective estrogen receptor modulator drug
l. corticosteroid drug
m. bone resorption inhibitor drug
Clinical Applications Questions
1.
a. magnesium salicylate
b. salicylate drugs
c. caplet
2.
a. Motrin
b. ibuprofen
c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
d. 400 mg
e. tablets (tabs)
f. Dispense 40. Write on the label: 400 milligrams to 800 milligrams, three times a day,
with food, as needed for pain.
3.
a. Feldene
b. piroxicam
c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
d. 20 mg
e. capsules (caps)
f. Dispense number 30. Write on the label: take one every day with food or milk.
4.
Robaxin 500 milligrams, take 1–2 by mouth four times a day as needed. Dispense 40.
Three refills.
5.
a. ibuprofen
b. NSAID
c. Advil
d. This drug, being a generic drug, would be less expensive than the trade name drug.
e. Motrin