Biology Unit 5 Exam Study Guide
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
1. Define the following:
codon:
anticodon:
purine:
pyrimidine:
point mutation:
frameshift mutation:
2. What are the differences between DNA and RNA:
DNA
RNA
Base pairs:
Base Pairs:
Sugar:
Sugar:
Structural differences:
Structural differences:
3. What are the three parts of a nucleotide:
4. Explain the purpose and where each process takes place:
Replication
Purpose:
Where does this take place:
Transcription
Translation
Purpose:
Purpose:
Where does this take place:
Where does this take place:
5. What are the roles of the following in protein synthesis?
-DNA:
-mRNA:
-tRNA:
-rRNA:
6. What type of BioMolecule are enzymes? AND How are enzymes created?
7. This is one side of a DNA strand: 5’ATG CGT TTT AGC CCG 3’
(Key: 5-3…3-5)
-Give the corresponding DNA strand:
-Give the mRNA strand that would be made from the original:
-Give the amino acid sequence that would be made from the above mRNA strand:
8. Explain how a mutation can be:
-Helpful:
-Hurtful:
-Ineffective:
9. How can a mutation be passed from parent to offspring?
10. Name three things that can affect gene expression.
Other Vocab: Also be familiar with the following words/definitions.
Translocation, substitution, nonfunctional, genome, nucleotide, repressor gene, operon gene, Ecoli, lactose,
regulating gene, promoter gene
TEKS tested:
6: The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics.
The student is expected to:
A: identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA
B:
C:
D:
E:
recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms
explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA
recognize gene expression as a regulated process.
identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes
Biology Unit 5 Exam Study Guide
DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis
1. Define the following:
codon:
anticodon:
purine:
pyrimidine:
point mutation:
frameshift mutation:
2. What are the differences between DNA and RNA:
DNA
RNA
Base pairs:
Base Pairs:
Sugar:
Sugar:
Structural differences:
Structural differences:
3. What are the three parts of a nucleotide:
4. Explain the purpose and where each process takes place:
Replication
Purpose:
Where does this take place:
Transcription
Translation
Purpose:
Purpose:
Where does this take place:
Where does this take place:
5. What are the roles of the following in protein synthesis?
-DNA:
-mRNA:
-tRNA:
-rRNA:
6. What type of BioMolecule are enzymes? AND How are enzymes created?
7. This is one side of a DNA strand: 5’ATG CGT TTT AGC CCG 3’
(Key: 5-3…3-5)
-Give the corresponding DNA strand:
-Give the mRNA strand that would be made from the original:
-Give the amino acid sequence that would be made from the above mRNA strand:
8. Explain how a mutation can be:
-Helpful:
-Hurtful:
-Ineffective:
9. How can a mutation be passed from parent to offspring?
10. Name three things that can affect gene expression.
Other Vocab: Also be familiar with the following words/definitions.
Translocation, substitution, nonfunctional, genome, nucleotide, repressor gene, operon gene, Ecoli, lactose,
regulating gene, promoter gene
TEKS tested:
6: The student knows the mechanisms of genetics, including the role of nucleic acids and the principles of Mendelian Genetics.
The student is expected to:
A: identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA
B:
C:
D:
E:
recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms
explain the purpose and process of transcription and translation using models of DNA and RNA
recognize gene expression as a regulated process.
identify and illustrate changes in DNA and evaluate the significance of these changes