Cell Cycle and Signaling
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3 basic process associated with reproduction
Binary Fission
o How prokaryotic chromosomes duplicate
o How is binary fission related to eukaryotic cell
division
Reproduction by Eukaryotes
o Genome
o Chromatin vs Chromosomes
Somatic Cells
o Chromosome number
Germ Cells
o Chromosome number
o Meiosis
What are histones
Sister Chromatids
o Structure
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
Cell Cycle:
o Interphase
 What happens in G1
 What happens in S
 What happens in G2
o Mitosis
 For each phase you need to know what
structures are involved and what is
happening to the chromosomes
o Cytokinesis
o G0
Spindle Apparatus
o How is it formed, what is its job, how does it work.
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Cell Plate
Regulation
o When are the checkpoints, why are the checkpoints
when they are, what proteins regulate these
checkpoints, How do those proteins regulate the
checkpoints
Difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes
o Why are there these differences?
Cyclin production
o When does cyclin concentration increase?
o What is CdK and what is its role in cell cycle
regulation?
o What is MPF and what is its role in cell cycle
regulation?
Kinetochore Signal
o When does the signal occur? What is it trying to
prevent?
o What is APC?
Density dependent Inhibition
Anchorage Dependence
Cancer
o Why do these cells divide uncontrolled?
o Why are cancer cells considered immortal?
o Types of cancer
o What happens when cells metastasize?
o What role does the RAS gene and p53 gene play in
cancers?
3 types of signaling
o Direct, Local, Longdistance
Steps of the signal transduction pathway
What is a ligand and how do they work?
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G-Protein Pathway
Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
Ion Channels
Intracellular receptors
Secondary Messengers
o cAMP
o Ca++ and IP3
What is a cellular response
Protein Kinase Cascades
Protein Phosphotase Cascade
Signal Amplification
Scaffolding Proteins