ORIENTATION
TEAM
Lecture 1
Clinical Pharmacy
Cairo University
/Clinical2020CU
2014/2015
Chapter 1
 Pharmacy Orientation:
-Deals with all aspects of pharmacy profession &
pharmacy education.
 Pharmacy:
-art & science of:
1. compounding drugs
2. dispensing drugs
3. providing drug related information
 Drug
:substance
(natural
pharmacological effect #(
or
synthetic
)with
tsbb ta8yeer fel body
fuction ).
used to :
1. -prevent disease
2. -diagnose diseases
3. -treat diseases
# ex > >>radioactive iodine to diagnose thyroid gland
dis-functioning.
 Medicine: a drug (packed)(labeled) dispensed
#(medicine howa el drug bs ma7toot fe drug form
–shkl dawa2y.
 Dosage form:
-Final physical form in which the medicine is
dispensed to facilitate drug administration or use.
 Dosage Form =
Drug(s)
[Active ingredient(s)]
+
Excipients
(additives )
>>> inactive ingredients >>>to facilitate Drug
formulation
|# Excipients may be >> **Binder(tmsk el constituents
fe b3d)
** disintegrate(tsa3d enha tfr23 fel m3da )
 Drug Product :
-Medicine formulated in dosage form.
 Strength:
-conc. Of active ingredients in the dosage form
ex : 220 mg \tab or one tablet
 Dose:
- amount of active ingredients to be taken every
time.
 Dose Regimen:
- Frequency of administration of dose
ex.: twice daily.
nomenclature :
1- Chemical name :
2- proprietary name :
3- Brand Name :
4- Generic Name :
*excipients (additives )
Given by medical chemists
expresses the chemical structures
given by highly specialized persons
( elli maskeen el pharmacopeia )
=official name in the pharmacopeia
Given by innovator :Patened Name
Given by other manufactures
=Trade name TM
>>> inactive ingredients >>>to
facilitate Drug formulation
|# Excipients may be >>
**Binder(tmsk el constituents fe
b3d)
** disintegrate(tsa3d enha tfr23
fel m3da
N-Acetyl paraaminophenol
chemical name
British pharmacopeia
>> Paracetamol
US pharmacopeia
acetaaminophenol >>
By galxo
Panadol®
brand name®R
de mohema
by Epico
Cetal TM –
generic name
by Misr co.
Paramol TM
by el-kahira Co. >>
Pyral TM
propriety name
*Batch No. : is tested by quality test ‫رقم التشغيلة‬
*M.OH Reg. No. : ministry of health registeration no.
‫الرقم اللى مسجل بيه الدواء ككل فى وزارة الصحة وبيكون ثابت لكل ارقام التشغيالت‬
**Dosage form
Exp. Date : -\-\20--
may be : suspension ‫شراب معلق‬
MFg. date : -\-\20--
Elixir ‫دواء شراب‬
Exp. Period :
capsules : ‫كبسوالت‬
ampoules : ‫حقن‬
tablets : ‫اقراص‬
time between Mfg. date and
Exp. Date
Brand name
Proprietary
‫فى الغالب بيكون‬name :
A.C ‫اسم‬
Comany
yy
Dosage form
Dose ]
Regime
n
Strength
 Classification of drugs :
According
to :
source :
*plant source
*animal source
Effect
( castor oil )
: (insulin and heparin)
*Mineral source
( MgSO4 & Iodine )
* micro organisms
(pencillin )
*synthetic
*biotechnogy (
(Aspirin )
Human insulin –Vaccinesantibiotics –interferon)
*pharmacological effect
:
a- broncodilator
*Area they affect
a- cardiovascular
b-CNS depressant
b- ophthalmic drugs
*Conditions they affect
:
a- antidiabetics
b-anti-pyretics
Chapter 2
(pharmacy education)
* In this chapter you are supposed to know:
1. Different faculties of pharmacy in Egypt
2. Main and additional courses in undergraduate
pharmacy program
3. Different branches included in the science of
pharmaceutics
4. Postgraduate pharmacy degree
*Faculties of pharmacy:
-In governmental universities:
1. Cairo University
2. Ain-shams University
3. Al-Azhar University
4. Helwan University
-Private Universities:
1. Misr university for science and technology
2. German university in Cairo
3. Misr international University
*Undergraduate education:
 five years study
 Bachelor in pharmacy
*Main courses in undergraduate program:
Pharmacognosy
Analytical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Pharmaceutical chemistry
Biochemistry
Microbiology & public Health
Pharmacology & Toxicology
Pharmaceutics
Clinical pharmacy
*Additional courses in undergraduate program:
Computer science
Mathematics
statistics
Management
Pharmacy law
Drug
Pre-formulation studies
Pharmaceutics
Physical pharmacy
Formulation
Pharmaceutics I,II,III,IV
Large - scale manufacturing PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY
Dosage form
Quality control
Test the quality
Patient
Quality control : study how the body deals with the
BIOPHARMACEUTICS drug
AND PHARMACOKINETICS
 Pharmaceutics:
-pre-formulation ,formulation ,preparation of
quality control of drug delivery system
 Pharmaceutical technology:
-application of technology in large scale of
pharmaceutical industry
 Biopharmaceutics :
-Effect of physicochemical properties of the drug
, DF , route of administration on bioavailability
 Bioavailability :
-Rate and extent of drug absorption
 Pharmacokinetics :
-Rate of drug absorption , distribution ,
metabolism and elimination
*Postgraduate education:
Anyone who stops learning is old , whether at 20 or 80.
Anyone who keeps learning is young
 Master degree
 Doctor of philosophy
 Diploma programs
 Doctor of pharmacy
1-Master degree of pharmaceutical:
 Requires 18 months study
 Requires thesis prepare
(Henry Ford)
2-Doctor of philosophy:
 Requires 2 years study
 Requires thesis prepare
3-Doctor of pharmacy (Pharma.D) :
-A degree in the field of clinical pharmacy.
-A professional degree (not scientific)
 Requires:
-Minimum of 2-years study
-completion of 72 credit hours
4-Diploma programs:
-Hospital pharmacy
-Industrial pharmacy
-cosmetic products
-Medical plants
-Toxicology and forensic chemical analysis
-Pharmacology and Toxicology
-Biotechnology
-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
-Microbiology and Immunology
-Pharmaceutical Raw Material Synthesis Technology
-Drug Quality Control and Assurance
-Biochemical Analysis
chapter 3
*What can licensed pharmacist do?
-Professional fields are :
1. Governmental employment.
2. Industrial fields.
3. Community pharmacy.
4. Hospital pharmacy.
5. Military field.
6. Academic field.
7. Training of other Health care workers.
8. Biomedical laboratory field.
9. Complementary and alternative medicines.
10.
Veterinary pharmacy.
11.
Medical devices and diagnostic kits.
12.
Radiologic and nuclear pharmacy .
-Governmental employment field in:
1. The central Administration of pharmaceutical
affairs.
2. Administrative services.
3. Family planning sectors.
4. National health projects. 5. Forensic field
 First:
- The central Administration of pharmaceutical
affairs and Administration services:
* Pharmacist's responsibilities:
1.
Planning and applying health and drug policies.
2. Enforce pharmacy laws and regulations.
3. Inspection.
4. Licensing.
5. Selecting of essential drugs.
6. Distributing drugs to
pharmacies.
governmental hospitals and
7. Registeration, approval and quality control of drug
products, cosmetics and medical devices.
*How Registeration and approval of new drug
products occur?!
- For a new drug product :
1st: Animal studies if safe and effective
2nd:Clinical studies on human
"which divided into 3 phases"
Phase1: on few healthy volunteers
Phase2: on few patients
Phase3: on many patients
* Then:
- The product is approved by :
1. The National Organization of Drug Control And
Research "NODCAR"
2. The technical committe of pharmacy in MOHP
3. "Ministry Of Health and Population"
4.
 Second:
- National projects , National control of diarrheal
& diseases project:
* Pharmacist's responsibilities:
1. Advise about causes of diarrhea and how to
avoid .
2. Inform about dehydration.
3. Recommend oral re-education therapy.
 Third:
- Forensic field:
* Pharmacist's responsibilities is to use their
knowledge about:
1. Toxic natural products.
2. Toxic chemicals .
3. chemical analysis technique.
4. Morphological
and
microscopic
characterization of different plants.