I.
Nuclear Chemistry (should do each question on flashcard)
a. Put the 3 types of radiation in order from least to greatest in term of penetrating ability and be familiar with
characteristics of each. (3 cards)
Type of Radiation (in order l to g)
What can stop it
Basic description
Apha
Paper
Proton
Beta
Metal
Electron
Gamma
Thick Conrete
Pure Energy
b. What is radiation and where does it originate? (1 card)
Radiation is the decomposition of a nucleus. It originates in the nucleus in unstable atoms.
c. What force holds the nucleus together and why does it need to hold it together? (1 card)
The strong force holds the nucleus together. If it does not hold the nucleus together, the atom will start to
decay.
d. What is nuclear decay and what 2 things usually cause a nucleus to decay? (1 card)
Nuclear decay is when the nucleus of the atom breaks down into smaller atoms. This can be caused by the
strong force no longer being able to hold the nucleus together or by bombarding the nucleus with particles.
e. What is carbon dating and what can it be used to date? (1 card)
Carbon dating is a method that measures radiation to tell how old things like fossils are.
f. Calculating half life: An isotope has a half-life of 50 days. If you started with a 100-g sample of the isotope,
how much would remain after 150 days? (1 card)
Mass
Time
100g
0
50g
50
25g
100
12.5g
150days
II.
Forces and Motion (do as flashcards)
a. Make flashcards or foldable that have word on one side and definition with illustration and formula if
applicable on the opposite side for each of the following vocabulary words: (28 cards)
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Speed = the distance traveled in a given time. S=d/t
Potential energy – energy of position. PE=mgh
Kinetic energy- energy of motion. KE =1/2mv2
Screw – a modified incline plane.
Inclined plane – a gently sloping ramp that helps make work easier.
Wedge – A modified inclined plane that changes the direction of force.
Air resistance- The opposing force to objects in free fall.
Friction – An opposing force to an object moving.
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion – An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay
at rest unless acted upon by an unequal force.
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion –An object will accelerate in the direction of the force applied. F=ma
Inertia – The resistance to change in motion.
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Momentum – The product of mass and velocity of a moving object. P=mv
Law of conservation of momentum – Momentum cannot be created or destroyed, it is simply
transfered from one object to another.
Law of conservation of energy – Energy cannot be created or destroyed, rather transferred from one
form to another. All energy is constant.
Velocity – Rate of change in distance over time in a given direction. V=d/t.
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Acceleration – the rate of change in velocity. a = Vf-Vo/t
Gravity – the force that holds objects on the Earth. 9.8m/s2
Wheel and axle – A simple machine that consists of a wheel and a shaft called an axle.
Lever – a rigid bar that rotates around a fixed point and makes work easier.
Pulley – A grooved wheel that turns freely in a block.
Simple machine – A machine that makes work easier but only has one movement.
Compound machine – two or more simple machines that operate together.
Distance displacement – Distance is the total distance travelled and displacement is the distance
from where you started to where you ended.
Motion – a change in position.
Work - the transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move.
b. Write formulas and what can be found on flashcards or in a foldable. Be able to use
formulas sheet to answer how to calculate speed, acceleration, velocity, distance, time,
height, mass, force, kinetic energy, potential energy, momentum, work, power, efficiency,
mechanical advantage, etc. (6 cards minimum)
S=d/t, v=d/t, PE=mgh, KE = 1/2mv2, p=mv, W=Fd, P=W/t, E = Wo/Wix100, MA = Wo/Wi.
c. Draw a distance/time graph on one side of the flashcard/foldable. Use a blue line to
indicate someone standing still, a red line to indicate a constant increase in speed, and a
green to indicate a decrease in speed. (1 card)
d. Draw a velocity/time graph on one side of the flashcard/foldable. Use a blue line to indicate
constant acceleration, a red line to indicate positive acceleration, and a green line to
indicate negative acceleration. (1 card)