Name ___________KEY_______________
Date _____________________ Period
__________
Test
on: Fri. 5/29
Review: Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Succession and Water Test
Terms to know: (not a word bank)
Pioneer species
climax community
primary succession
secondary succession
(**Know the difference between primary and secondary succession.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. After a fire strikes an area, what type of succession occurs? _SECONDARY____
2. What type of succession occurs when a new community grows on existing soil ? _SECONDARY_
3. Provide an example of a stable community? _OLD GROWTH FOREST/ CLIMAX COMMUNITY
4. How does secondary succession help restore equilibrium (balance) to a region destroyed by
flood? ___INCREASES NUMBER & TYPES OF SPECIES__________________
5. What types of changes occur in the number of species over time as an ecosystem in secondary
succession becomes a climax community? _INCREASES___________________________
6. What kinds of plants would MOST LIKELY be some of the first plants found growing in a pasture
after a fire? __GRASSES_____________________
7. A storm knocked down many trees in a forest. Small plants are now growing where the trees once
stood. This is an example of _SECONDARY SUCCESSION________.
8. Provide examples of causes leading to Secondary succession: _FIRE, FLOOD,
HURRICANE, TORNADO
9. Where might you be able to witness primary succession? _VOLCANO, GLACIER_____
10. Lichens are examples of _PIONEER___ species.
11. Draw typical stages of primary succession in a hardwood forest. (Include 6 stages)
12. Breakdown of rock is called _WEATHERING_________________________.
13. The movement or transporting of sediments is called ___EROSION___________________.
14. The dropping of sediments by any agent of erosion is called _DEPOSITION_______________.
15. Physical breaking down of rock to form fragments that have the same characteristics as the
original rock is _MECHANICAL_______ weathering.
16. Breaking down of rock that dissolves the mineral content and chemically changes the rock is
_CHEMICAL________________ weathering.
17. Agents/causes of mechanical weathering: (7)
1.
WIND
2.
5. PRESSURE
WATER
3. PLANTS
6. TEMP CHANGE
4. ANIMALS
7.ICE/FROST WEDGING
You should be able to
recognize if an example
is chemical or
mechanical not really
list them (for test)
18. Agents/Causes of chemical weathering: (4)
1. WATER
2. OXYGEN
19. Things that effect rate of weathering (3)
1. CLIMATE
2. TYPE OF ROCK
3. PLANT ACIDS
4.OTHER ACIDS
Do not focus on “type of rock”—
questions will be like 11, and 12
(below)
3. SURFACE AREA
(A) 15g rock broken
into smaller pieces
(B) a 15g rock
(C) a 15 g rock broken
in half
20. Which of the samples above would weather fastest? __A_ Why? _MORE SURFACE AREA____
21. Which types of climates affect the rate of the two types of weathering? (Examples below)
a. Which type of weathering is more common in tropical (warm, wet) climates? _CHEMICAL________
b. Which type of weathering is more rapid in polar regions? _MECHANICAL_________
c. Which type of weathering is more rapid in deserts? _MECHANICAL_____________________.
Why? _DRY / TEMP CHANGE / WIND & SAND_____________________
d. Which agent of erosion is most common in a desert region? __WIND ___________________ Why?
22. How and why does frost or ice wedging occur? _H2O FLOWS IN CRACKS, FREEZES & EXPANDS
& MAKES CRACK BIGGER
23. Agents of Erosion: (4) WIND, WATER, GRAVITY, GLACIERS
24. What do weathering, erosion, and deposition work together to accomplish?
CHANGES EARTH’S SURFACES
25. Human activities that cause or effect soil erosion or loss: (2 main categories)
1. CONSTRUCTION
2. FARMING / AGRICULTURE
26. What is runoff? _WATER THAT FLOWS ON THE SURFACE ABOVE GROUND___
27. In which situation will soil erosion occur more often or at a greater rate? Put a check!
a._____ area with lots of plants
b.___X__ area with little vegetation
c._____ a gradual flatter slope
d.___X__ a steeper slope
e.__X___ areas with a lot of runoff* (*water that does not soak in
f._____ areas with less runoff
but flows over the surface)
28. Where does greater erosion occur---along a fast-moving river or a slow-moving river?
__________FAST____________________
29. What are some negative effects of soil erosion? POLLUTION, LOSS OF TOPSOIL, LOSS OF
HABITAT
30. What are some ways people can reduce soil erosion at construction sites? SEDIMENT FENCES
THAT MESH THAT GRASS ROOTS GROW INTO
31. What are some ways farmers can reduce soil erosion? MINIMUM TILLAGE, TERRACING, WIND
BREAKS (PLANT TREES ALONG EDGES OF FIELDS)
32. In Texas we don’t have big cliffs by our beaches, this makes coastal areas vulnerable to
severe erosion from what type of storms? HURRICANES
What part of those storms causes the most erosion? STORM SURGE (BIG WAVES)
33. Over thousands of years, carbonic acid has chemically weathered limestone, creating _CAVES_.
34. On what type of landform (hill, valley, plain, etc) is erosion more common? ___________
Why? ____STEEP SLOPE MEANS FASTER WATER, MORE GRAVITY_______
35. Describe how the rocks were weathered below (what caused it?)
A
B
C
A. __ICE WEDGING_______ B. __ANIMAL BURROWS____ C. _CARBONIC ACID FROM
FLOWING WATER UNDERGROUND__________________
36. We’ve got a lot of bayous that run through Cinco Ranch. Over the last 10 years there has been a
tremendous amount of building of new homes & stores in the area. Describe how that has
affected the flow of water in the bayous. _LESS PERCOLATION – MORE IMPERMEABLE
SURFACE MEANS MORE SURFACE RUNOFF & BAYOUS FILL UP FASTER_______
37. Why has the farmer made terraces on his fields on this hill?
PREVENT RUNOFF/EROSION – HOLD WATER
38.
What is the feature to the left and where would you find one?
DELTA – AT THE MOUTH OF A RIVER WHERE IT RUNS INTO OCEAN
39. Why is the use of fertilizers and pesticides carefully monitored? What negative effects
can these have on an ecosystem? SURFACE RUNOFF CARRIES THEM INTO LAKES &
STREAMS & POLLUTES THEM – CAUSING RAPID ALGAE GROWTH, DECREASING
OXYGEN, CHOKING AQUATIC LIFE
40. What is an aquifer? UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE
41. What could be a reason a well has gone dry? OVERPUMPING HAS EXCEEDED RAIN
WATER REPLENISHMENT
42. What could be a consequence of excess removal of water from an aquifer? WELLS RUN
DRY, PEOPLE RUN OUT OF WATER