Unit C: Properties of Matter: Periodic Table/Compounds
Why is knowledge of the periodic table essential to understanding chemistry?
Standards:
SC.8.P.8.5 - Recognize that there are a finite number of elements and that their atoms combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that make up all of the living
and nonliving things that we encounter.
SC.8.P.8.6 - Recognize that elements are grouped in the periodic table according to similarities of their properties.
SC.8.P.8.8 - Identify basic examples of and compare and classify the properties of compounds, including acids, bases, and salts.
Understand
“Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts.
Elements are grouped on the periodic table due to similarities of their properties. When elements are combined they form compounds. Compounds can be classified
based on their pH.
Know
Do
Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts.
Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information.
1. Atoms make up elements which combine to produce compounds
that make up all living and nonliving things.
2. Elements are grouped on the periodic table due to the similarities of
their properties.
3. The arrangement of electrons in an atom determines its position on
the periodic table.
4. Acids, bases, and salts can be classified by the properties that
compose these compounds.
The pH of hydronium and hydroxyl ion concentrations.
Concept: Elements, Atoms and Compounds
SC.8.P.8.5
Recognize that there are a finite number of elements and that their
atoms combine in a multitude of ways to produce compounds that
make up all of the living and nonliving things that we encounter.
1. Cite examples of compounds that make up living and nonliving things.
2. Analyze the periodic table of elements to determine how elements are
grouped.
3. Construct a model of an atom emphasizing the arrangement of their
electrons.
4. Investigate compounds such as acids, bases, and salts and classify the
properties of these compounds.
Conduct pH testing and relate it to hydronium and hydroxyl ion
concentrations.
Driving Questions
What makes up all living and nonliving
things?
How are elements, atoms, and
compounds related?
What are ways elements combine to
produce compounds?
Vocabulary
Monitoring Learning Samples
Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple
molecules and extended structures. (Emphasis is on developing
models of molecules that vary in complexity. Examples of simple
molecules could include water, ammonia and methanol)
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary
elements, atomic mass, compound,
concentration, neutral, isotope, mass
number, ions
Concept: Periodic Table
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
How are elements grouped on the
Recognize that elements are grouped in the periodic table according periodic table?
to similarities of their properties.
SC.8.P.8.6
Vocabulary
periodic table, atomic structure, atomic
number, period, group, alkali metals,
alkaline-earth metals, halogens, noble
gas
Vocab Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K),
Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr) are in the same column in the
periodic table. Why are these elements in the same column in the periodic
table?
Concept: Properties of Compounds
Driving Questions
SC.8.P.8.8
How can we classify the properties of
Identify basic examples of and compare and classify the properties of compounds?
compounds, including acids, bases, and salts.
How are hydronium and hydroxyl ions
produced?
Monitoring Learning Samples
Using the following virtual manipulative, compare and classify the
properties of some acids, bases and salts.
http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/ph-scale/latest/phscale_en.html
Vocabulary
pH, acid, alkalinity, base, salts, neutral,
compounds, hydronium, hydroxyl ion,
ion acid
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary
Unit D: Properties of Matter: Weight & Mass/Density/Physical Properties
How can physical properties be used to describe matter?
Standards:
SC.8.P.8.2 - Differentiate between weight and mass recognizing that weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object and is distinct from, though proportional to, mass.
SC.8.P.9.1 - Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.
SC.8.L.18.4 - Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.
SC.8.P.8.3 - Explore and describe the densities of various materials through measurement of their masses and volumes.
SC.8.P.8.4 - Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical
conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample.
SC.8.P.8.9 - Distinguish among mixtures (including solutions) and pure substances.
Understand
“Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts.
Objects and substances can be classified based on their physical properties.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Know
Do
Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information.
Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts.
The difference between weight and mass.
Understand the concept of density in various materials.
Matter can be broken up into four states.
Substances can be characterized based on their physical properties.
Know the difference between mixtures, solutions, and pure
substances.
Concept: Weight & Mass
SC.8.P.8.2
5. Compare and contrast weight and mass and know how each is used in science.
6. Compare the density of various materials by measuring their masses and
volumes.
7. Demonstrate how adding or removing energy can affect the state of matter.
8. Construct experiments that show how characteristics of physical properties
can be demonstrated or measured.
Conduct investigations that differentiate between mixtures, solutions, and
pure substances.
Driving Questions
What is the difference between weight
Differentiate between weight and mass recognizing that weight and mass?
is the amount of gravitational pull on an object and is distinct
What happens to weight and mass as
from, though proportional to mass.
SC.8.P.9.1
Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and
concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo
matter changes state?
Vocabulary
Monitoring Learning Samples
physical and chemical changes.
SC.8.L.18.4
weight, mass, gravity, force,
gravitational pull
Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of
Conservation of Mass and Energy.
VocabulaVocabulary
Concept: Density
SC.8.P.8.3
Explore and describe the densities of various materials
through measurement of their masses and volumes.
Driving Questions
How can density be determined?
How are the densities of different
materials varied through measurement
of their masses and volumes?
Why is density different in the four
states of matter?
Vocabulary
Density, volume
Concept: Physical Properties
Monitoring Learning Samples
Driving Questions
Which of the
following items
would sink if placed
in the beaker of
water? Float?
Explain your
reasoning for your
answer.
Monitoring Learning Samples
How do the physical properties of
various substances differ as they are
measured or demonstrated?
SC.8.P.8.4
Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic
physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for
example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility,
What is thermal and electrical
magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these
conductivity?
properties are independent of the amount of the sample.
Give students an assortment of objects and ask them to compare
and classify them into a t-chart of conductors and insulators.
How does the size of a sample of matter
affect its boiling point and/or freezing
point?
What are magnetic properties?
Vocabulary
solids, liquids, gases, plasma, states of
matter, conductivity, thermal
You can repeat the process with different physical properties of
conductivity, electrical conductivity,
substances.
magnetic, magnetic properties, *melting
Vocabulary:
point, *boiling point, *chemical
properties, chemical change, physical
Vocabulary
change, attraction, solubility
Unit E: Changes in Matter: Law of Conservation of Mass/Physical & Chemical Changes
What happens to matter when it goes through physical and chemical changes?
Standards:
SC.8.P.9.1 - Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.
SC.8.P.9.2 - Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
SC.8.P.9.3 - Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes.
SC.8.L.18.4 - Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.
Understand
“Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts.
Matter can undergo physical and chemical changes that can result in new substances being created.
Know
Do
Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information.
Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts.
10. The law of conservation of mass and how it applies to substances that
go through physical and chemical changes.
11. Physical changes and chemical changes can result in similar or very
different substances.
12. Chemical changes can be affected by changes in temperature.
Concept: Physical and Chemical Changes
SC.8.P.9.1
9. Show the law of conservation of mass by demonstrating how substances go
through physical and chemical changes yet maintain their initial mass.
10. Design and conduct experiments that show physical and chemical changes.
11. Investigate how chemical changes can be influenced by temperature and then
draw conclusions based on collected data.
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
How is a physical change different then Ask the students to provide examples of physical and chemical
changes in a t-chart.
a chemical change?
Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and
concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical What is the relationship between
and chemical changes.
physical and chemical properties and
physical and chemical changes of
matter?
SC.8.P.9.2
Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
Vocabulary
chemical equation, precipitate, reactant,
product, catalyst, endothermic reaction,
exothermic reaction, activation energy,
inhibitor
Concept: Law of Conservation of Mass
SC.8.P.9.1
Driving Questions
How does the law of conservation of
mass apply to substances undergoing
physical changes?
Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and
concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical
and chemical changes.
Does the law of conservation of mass
SC.8.L.18.4
Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of
apply during chemical changes?
Vocabulary
Monitoring Learning Samples
Mass and Energy.
conservation of mass, physical change,
chemical change, * chemical properties,
*boiling point, melt, *melting point,
formulas
Is the above illustration an accurate representation of the Law of
Conservation of mass? Explain your reasoning.
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary
Concept: Effects of Temperature and Chemical Changes
SC.8.P.9.3
Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical
changes.
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
How does temperature influence a When a candle is lit, the wick burns, the wax melts, the candle
changes shape, and the air around the candle heats up. Which of the
chemical change?
following is an example of a chemical change?
Does all matter have to be heated or
cooled to change states?
Vocabulary
*temperature, pressure, calorie,
thermal expansion, absolute zero,
thermal energy, thermal conduction,
convection, radiation, conduction
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary
Unit G: Matter and Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Unit Essential Question: How do living organisms acquire the energy they need for life processes?
Standards:
SC.8.L.18.1 - Describe and investigate the process of photosynthesis, such as the roles of light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll; production of food; release of oxygen.
SC.8.P.9.3 - Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes SC.912.L.18.7 - Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis.
SC.8.L.18.2 - Describe and investigate how cellular respiration breaks down food to provide energy and releases carbon dioxide.
SC.8.P.9.2 - Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
Understand
“Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts.
Photosynthesis is vital for life on Earth and nearly all life depends on it as a source of energy. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated.
Know
Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information.
Do
Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts.
1.
The process of photosynthesis and how oxygen is produced.
1.
Explain the process of photosynthesis and how it is essential for life.
2.
Photosynthesis is the result of a combination of reactants resulting in a
predictable product.
2.
Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis.
3.
3.
An understanding of cellular respiration and how the process provides
energy and releases carbon dioxide.
Analyze the process of cellular respiration and demonstrate the process by completing
a diagram.
4.
4.
The basic functions of aerobic and cellular respiration.
Identify aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration which is a result of reactants and
products.
Concept: Photosynthesis
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
SC.8.L.18.1
How does the process of photosynthesis Design models (3-D models, diagrams, etc.) and use them to explain
Describe and investigate the process of photosynthesis, such as the roles release oxygen?
the 1) role of light; 2) role of carbon dioxide; 3) roles of water and
chlorophyll; 4) production of food; 5) release of oxygen within the
of light, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll; production of food;
What happens to plants at night when process of photosynthesis.
release of oxygen.
they have no light to photosynthesize?
SC.8.P.9.3
Investigate and describe how temperature influences chemical changes
Vocabulary
photosynthesis, organic compounds,
carbon dioxide, oxygen, chlorophyll,
reactants, products
Vocabulary
Concept: Cellular Respiration
SC.8.L.18.2
Describe and investigate how cellular respiration breaks down food
to provide energy and releases carbon dioxide.
SC.8.P.9.2
Differentiate between physical changes and chemical changes.
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
How does the process of cellular
Write an explanation using a labeled diagram to show how cellular
respiration break down food and release respiration breaks down food to provide energy and releases carbon
dioxide. Explain why plants and animals undergo cellular
carbon dioxide?
respiration.
How is aerobic respiration different than
anaerobic respiration?
Vocabulary
Vocabulary:
cellular respiration, energy, metabolic,
aerobic, anaerobic, photosynthesis
Vocabulary
Unit H - Matter and Energy Transformations: Carbon Cycle & Law of Conservation of Mass and Law of Conservation of Energy
Unit Essential Question(s): How are matter and energy transferred throughout the carbon cycle? How do living systems follow the law of conservation of matter and the law of conservation of energy?
Standards:
SC.8.L.18.3 - Construct a scientific model of the carbon cycle to show how matter and energy are continuously transferred within and between organisms and their physical
environment.
SC.8.L.18.4 - Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy.
SC.8.P.9.1 - Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical and chemical changes.
Understand
“Essential understandings,” or generalizations, represent ideas that are transferable to other contexts.
Matter and energy are recycled through cycles such as the carbon cycle. The law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy apply to living
systems.
Know
Declarative knowledge: Facts, vocabulary, information.
1. The function of the carbon cycle and the transfer of energy.
2. The role of the law of conservation of mass and the law of
conservation of energy in all living systems.
Do
Procedural knowledge: Skills, strategies & processes that are transferrable to other contexts.
1. Design a model of the carbon cycle, which demonstrates how matter and
energy are transferred among organisms and their environment.
2. Cite evidence of how the law of conservation of mass and the law of
conservation of energy apply to all living systems.
Concept: Carbon Cycle
Driving Questions
Monitoring Learning Samples
SC.8.L.18.3
How does the carbon cycle continuously Construct a scientific model and use it to show:
How matter and energy are continuously transferred within and
Construct a scientific model of the carbon cycle to show how matter transfer matter and energy?
between organisms and their physical environment; identifying
and energy are continuously transferred within and between
How does the carbon cycle affect
carbon reservoirs (atmosphere, plants and animals, decaying organic
organisms and their physical environment.
organisms and their physical
matter, fossil fuels, sediments, aquatic organisms, and
SC.8.N.1.6
environment?
oceans/water) and their effects.
Understand that scientific investigations involve the collection of
Vocabulary
relevant empirical evidence, the use of logical reasoning, and the
application of imagination in devising hypotheses, predictions,
Vocabulary:
explanations and models to make sense of the collected evidence. carbon cycle, combustion,
decomposition, environment, organism,
Vocabulary
SC.8.N.3.1
physical environment, respiration,
Select models useful in relating the results of their own
greenhouse effect
investigations.
SC.8.N.4.1
Explain that science is one of the processes that can be used to
inform decision making at the community, state, national, and
international levels.
SC.8.N.4.2
Explain how political, social, and economic concerns can affect
science, and vice versa.
Concept: Laws of Conservation of Mass and Law of
Conservation of Energy
Driving Questions
SC.8.L.18.4
What is the law of conservation of
Cite evidence that living systems follow the Laws of Conservation of mass?
Mass and Energy.
What is the law of conservation of
SC.8.P.9.1
energy?
Explore the Law of Conservation of Mass by demonstrating and
How do the law of conservation of mass
concluding that mass is conserved when substances undergo physical
and the law of conservation of energy
and chemical changes.
apply to living systems?
Vocabulary
mass, energy, conservation of matter,
law of conservation of energy, *law
(scientific law)
Monitoring Learning Samples
After studying the following diagrams:
Conservation of Mass
http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/theconservation-of-mass-17395478
Energy Cycle of Living Things
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/biology/enercyc.html
View the Prezi, Evidence that Living Systems follow the Laws of
Conservation of Mass and Energy:
 http://prezi.com/x6lazruw_jlp/evidence-that-living-systemsfollow-the-laws-of-conservation/
Discuss in a small group how each example shows evidence that
living systems follow the Laws of Conservation and create a poster
that explains your findings.
Vocabulary:
Vocabulary