1920s - Dickinson ISD

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NAME: _________________
PERIOD: ________
UNIT 6: THE “ROARING TWENTIES”
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Date
Grade
Description
Curriculum Map/Outline
“Big Ideas, Guiding Questions,& Enduring
Understandings”
Vocabulary Walk 1, pt. 1 & 2
Vocabulary Walk 1, pt. 3
Themes (handout) and Video Facts
The Red Scare, Nativism, and Racism Textbook Questions
Immigration Restrictions Chart
Eugenics Readings (handout) and Questions
Cultural Values in Conflict Textbook Questions
Republican Policies favoring business Prezi
Presidents of the 1920s Textbook Questions
& Hoover Prezi
Factors Underlying the Prosperity of the 1920s Prezi
Vocabulary Walk 2, pt. 1 & 2
Vocabulary Walk 2, pt. 3
New Values: Women & fads Textbook Questions, and Tin
Pan Alley Prezi
Writers of the 1920s Prezi
The Great Migration Charts
The Harlem Renaissance Prezi
New Heroes Textbook Chart
Excerpts from “Only Yesterday” & summaries
0
Conflict, Intolerance, Fundamentalism and Rural Reaction in the 1920s
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Social Conflict (1 day)
 Demographic Changes – Great Migration, Rural to Urban, influx of immigrants from Mexico and Southern and Eastern
Europe
 Labor Conflict
 Race Riots
Intolerance (1 day)
 The Red Scare and Immigration (National Origins Act of 1924) and Eugenics
 A Contrast: Expanding Democracy – Women and the 19th Amendment and Native American Citizenship Act
1924
Fundamentalism and Rural Reaction (2 days)
 Prohibition
 Fundamentalism – The Scopes Trial
 KKK
Business Prosperity and New Innovations and Technologies (2 days)


Causes of Prosperity – Government Policies, New Technologies and Innovations, Consumerism, Credit, Automobile, Stock Boom
(1924-1929)
 Impact of pro-business policies on Labor and Farmers
New Technologies and Innovations
 Taylorism – time/motion studies; scientific management (increased productivity)
 Moving Assembly Line (increased productivity)
 The ‘New Industries’ – The Automobile, the Radio, Movie Industry, Commercial Aviation, Oil, Electricity, Electric Appliances
(as opposed to the ‘Old Industries’ of railroads, coal, iron, and steel)
 Glenn Curtiss and Charles Lindbergh
The Revolution in Manners and Morals: Change and the New Urban Culture (2 days)
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Advertising
Impact of Mass Media – radio, movies, music, dance
Impact of Foreign philosophies – Sigmund Freud, Friedrich Nietzsche
Changing Role of Women
Social Impact of Automobile
Social Impact of Prohibition
Hero-Worshipping
The Arts and Literary Legacies of the 1920s – Disillusionment and Alienation (1 day)



Impact of WW I and Marcus Garvey on African-Americans
Harlem Renaissance
Lost Generation
1
“Big Ideas”
Conflict, Intolerance, Fundamentalism and Rural Reaction in the 1920s
1. As a disillusioned American society moved from war to peace, turmoil in the economy and a fear of communism caused a series of domestic
upheavals.
2. WW I produced rapid social and demographic changes that impacted the physical environment and caused cultural conflicts among people with
differing values and beliefs.
3. While WW I ushered in an expansion of political rights for women and Native Americans, African and Mexican Americans were victims of
discrimination and frequent lynchings.
Business Prosperity: New Technologies, Innovations, Government Policy and Consumerism in the 1920s
4. Throughout the 1920s Republican controlled government encouraged pro-business policies that created a vibrant though uneven prosperity that
was also marked by corruption.
5. New technologies and innovations, mass-marketing techniques, and new forms of entertainment produced a shift from capital goods to
consumer goods that fostered a consumer society with new values.
The Revolution in Manners and Morals: Change and the New Urban Society in the 1920s
6. The 1920s ushered in the rise of a new urban society with modern values fostering a revolution in manners and morals that clashed with the
strict religious and moral codes of rural America.
Artistic and Literary Legacies of the 1920s:
7. While many native-born white artists and intellectuals critiqued the values of the new modern society, an awakening of African American pride
created a renaissance of art, music, and literature that sought to increase self-respect and raise the status of African Americans.
“Guiding Questions”
Conflict, Intolerance, Fundamentalism and Rural Reaction in the 1920s
1. What were the main causes and results of social conflicts, such as the post-war strikes, the Red Scare, and race riots, and how did government
respond?
2.
What were the causes and effects of prohibition and what factors led to its failure and repeal?
3.
In what ways was religious fundamentalism displayed in the 1920s and what factors led to its resurgence?
4.
5.
What types of demographic change occurred during the 1920s and what impact did it have on the physical environment and culture?
Why were women and Native-Americans successful in obtaining political rights after WW I whereas African and Mexican Americans were not?
Business Prosperity: New Technologies, Innovations, Government Policy and Consumerism in the 1920s
6. Why was the Republican Party appealing to voters in the 1920s and what effects did its policies have on labor and farmers?
7. What factors sparked the prosperity of the 1920s?
8. To what extent was the Teapot Dome scandal a reflection of society’s changing values or the management style of President Harding?
9. How did the contributions of Fredrick W. Taylor, Henry Ford, Glenn Curtiss and Charles Lindbergh transform the transportation industry and in
what ways did the nature of work change because of these innovations?
The Revolution in Manners and Morals: Change and the New Urban Society in the 1920s
10. How did the new status of women, the automobile, foreign propaganda, prohibition, jazz, and the new technologies of radio and the movies
create a revolution in manners and morals?
11. In what ways did the mass media help create a sense of national community and for what reasons did American’s embrace the new heroes of
the 1920s?
Artistic and Literary Legacies of the 1920s:
12. How did African Americans try to improve their political, social, and economic status in the 1920s?
13. In what ways did the authors and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance impact American culture?
14. How did the themes expressed in the novels of Lost Generation authors reflect the issues of the 1920s?
“Enduring Understanding Question”
To what extent may the 1920s be characterized as an era of political conservatism and social conformity, or an era of groundbreaking progress and
change? Choose 1 depiction, cite historical evidence, and justify your answer.
2
Part I
Part II [work with a partner on both parts] DO NOT USE THE TEXTBOOK AT ALL! (38 answers)
___ 1. ________________________ – this is an economic & political system based on a single-party government ruled by a
dictatorship
___ 2. ________________________ – a panic that started in the US after the communist revolution in Russia cried out for a
worldwide revolution that would abolish capitalism everywhere
___ 3. ________________________ – this was a reaction to the Red Scare when J. Edgar Hoover & his federal agents hunted down
suspected Communists, socialists, & anarchists jailing the suspects without legal counsel
deporting hundreds without trials.
___ 4. ________________________ - congressional law which banned immigration from East Asia entirely while drastically reducing
it from Southern & Eastern Europe effectively closing the door to America.
___ 5. ________________________ – the proposed improvement of the human species by encouraging or permitting reproduction
of only those people with genetic characteristics judged desirable
___ 6. ________________________ –a plan which established the maximum number of people who could enter the U.S. from each
foreign country
___ 7. ________________________ – congressional law that provided for the enforcement of prohibition, but it was never properly
enforced due to lack of money
___ 8. ________________________ – this is a Protestant movement grounded in the literal interpretation (word for word) of the
Bible
___ 9. ________________________ –a court case that pitted a fight over evolution & the role of science & religion in public schools.
A Tennessee court ruled in favor of Religion
___ 10. ________________________ – President Harding’s platform promise to take America back to the simpler days before the
Progressive Era and the Great War.
___ 11. ________________________ – this issue showed how corrupt President Harding’s administration was when his Secretary of
the Interior Albert B. Fall was found guilty of bribery & became the 1 st American to be
convicted of a felony while holding a cabinet post
___ 12. ________________________ – Government actions and policies that restrict or restrain international trade, often done with
the intent of defending local businesses and jobs from foreign competition by imposing
import tariffs, quotas, subsidies or tax cuts to local businesses
___ 13. ________________________ – this raised taxes on US imports to the highest level ever making it impossible for Britain &
France to pay off WWI war debts
___ 14. ________________________ – when companies voluntarily offer their employees improved benefits and higher wages in
order to remove the need for unions.
___ 15. ________________________ – A financial theory which states that investing money in companies and giving them tax
breaks will cause them to produce more and thereby hire more people and raise salaries.
The people, in turn, will have more money to spend thus boosting the economy.
___ 16. ________________________ – a social and economic order that is based on the systematic creation and fostering
of a desire to purchase goods and services in ever greater amounts.
___ 17. ________________________ – this enabled people to buy goods over an extended period, without having to put down
much money at the time of purchase
___ 18. ________________________ – The development of the radial engine and the creation of pressurized cabins allowed the
airplane to develop from a mail carrier to a source of entertainment to an increase in travel
by the 1930s
___ 19. ________________________ – this occurs when cities spread in all directions because cars allowed workers to live miles
from work in any direction
3
Part III Organize the terms into 3-6 categories and give the categories a title (3 pts each = 57 pts) Work alone
Part IV (use a minimum of two complete sentences per answer) [work by yourself!!] (43 pts)
1. How is eugenics related to the National Origins Act? (10pt)
2. What inference or conclusion can one make about how the Teapot Dome Scandal effected President
Harding’s administration? (7pts)
3. What was the significance of the installment plan to consumers? (6pts)
4. How could the U.S. government justify the Palmer Raids to the American People? (10pts)
5. If the Scopes Monkey Trial were held today who would win, the fundamentalists or scientists? Why?
(10pts)
4
Themes of the Roaring Twenties:
 Turning away from Progressivism ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
 New Consumer Society ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
 Isolationism and Suspicion ____________________________________________________________________________________
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 Rebellious Younger Generation ____________________________________________________________________________________
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Just the Facts: The Emergence of Modern America, “The Roaring Twenties”
Video Facts:
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Write down 5 facts for each column while you watch.
Then write a summary at the bottom.
Political Facts
Social Facts
Economic Facts
Summary:
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Adjusting to Peace (1919-1921)
1) Postwar Trends – what did America have to deal with following WWI? (p. 412)
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2) Describe the policy of isolationism.
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Elected President in 1920, Republican Warren Harding delivered his Inauguration Address in March 1921. He announced his
intention to return to a traditional isolationist foreign policy:
“Our eyes never will be blind to a developing menace, our ears never deaf to the call of civilization. We recognize the new order in the world,
with the closer contacts which progress has brought. We crave friendship and harbor no hate. But America can be a party to no permanent
military alliance. It can enter into no political commitments, nor assume any economic obligations which will subject our decisions to any other
than our own authority. It has been proved again and again that we cannot, while throwing our markets open to the world, maintain American
standards of living and opportunity, and hold our industrial eminence in such unequal competition.” – Warren G. Harding
3)
How did President Harding justify his return to isolationist policies?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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The Red Scare – Fear of Communism
4) Define communism (p. 413) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5) What is the “Red Scare”?
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6) Describe the Palmer Raids.
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“The Case Against the Reds”
“The blaze of revolution was sweeping over every American institution of law and order…eating its way into the homes of the American
workman, its sharp tongues of revolutionary heat..licking the altars of the churches, leaping into the belfry of the school bell, crawling into the
sacred corners of American homes…burning up the foundation of society.” – A. Mitchell Palmer
7)
What does Palmer think about “revolution”?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
8) Who were Sacco and Vanzetti? Why was their case important? (p. 413)
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The National Experience
“In all my life I have never stole, never killed, never spilled blood…We were tried during a time…when there was hysteria of resentment
and hate against the people of our principles, against the foreigner…I am suffering because I am a radical and indeed I am a radical; I have suffered
because I was an Italian and indeed I am an Italian…If you could execute me two times, and if I could be reborn two other times, I would live again
to do what I have done already.” – Bartolomeo Vanzetti
9)
Why does Vanzetti believe his sentencing was so harsh?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Rise of Nativism and Racism
10) What is Nativism? (p. 412)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
11) Why did the “Klan Rise Again”? (p. 415)
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12) Describe the quota system.
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6
Figure it out with a partner.
Look at the title of this table (in the upper left box). What changes is it tracking?
Now look at the headings of the two columns on the right. What does each column show?
Now work with the column on the left. What are the years shown in the four rows? How long is the overall time period
represented in the table? How many laws does the table show?
Now examine the numbers shown in the two columns on the right. What kind of changes over time do you see in each
column? Are the changes similar in column two and column three?
Now try to infer some history from this table. Based on the numbers, what do you think was the purpose of the
immigration quota laws? Why would the government want to pass laws with this purpose? (Use your textbook to verify
your conclusions.)
7
Eugenics
How would you feel if someone told you that you could not have a baby because you had “bad” genetics?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Google” Eugenics and write a definition ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Use the Class Set of Readings to answer the following questions.
Reading 1 “Traits Studied By Eugenicists”
1) Who was Charles Davenport?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) What human traits did Davenport and his wife publish papers on between 1907 and 1910? What was one of the problems
with the data collected for this study?
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3) What type of psychiatric disorders did eugenicists study?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4) In Davenport’s The Trait Book, what personality traits did he present in contrasting pairs?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) Do you think these types of traits are actually inherited? Why?
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6) According to Davenport, how were desirable traits spread?
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7) What are some of the undesirable characteristics that eugenicists assumed were inherited?
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8) Eugenicists believed that people with “good blood” came from where? ___________________________________________
9) What was the result of linking undesirable traits to specific racial and ethnic groups?
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Reading 2 “Involuntary Sterilization: Eugenics and Public Policy”
10) What was happening during the first decades of the twentieth century in Virginia?
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11) Who was Carrie Buck?
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12) What was to happen after she gave birth to her baby? What does this mean?
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13) During the lawsuit, Buck’s lawyer, Irving Whitehead, said what was the primary motive behind the involuntary sterilization?
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14) The case went before the Supreme Court. What was the court’s ruling?
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15) What do you think about this ruling?
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16) What happened to Carrie Buck’s daughter?
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17) How long did it take to reverse the Buck v. Bell decision?
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8
Cultural Values in Conflict
Class Discussion
Traditional Values…
New Values…
The
Roaring
Twenties
Prohibition
1) What is Prohibition? Include the Amendment and the date. (p. 436)
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2) Why did reformers support prohibition?
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3) Who was Frances Willard? (index)
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4) What are speakeasies?
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5) What was the purpose and date of the 21st amendment?
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Scopes “Monkey Trial” of 1925
6) Define Fundamentalism (p. 438) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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7) What happened in March 1925?
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8) Who was John T. Scopes?
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9) Who were Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan?
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10) What was the outcome of the trial?
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Journalist H.L. Mencken wrote the following just before the trial:
“No principle is at stake…save the principle that school teachers, like plumbers, should stick to the job that is set before them, and not go
roving around the house, breaking windows, raiding the cellar, and demoralizing children. When a [teacher] takes his oath of office, he renounces
his right to free speech quite as certainly as a bishop does, or a colonel in the army, or an editorial writer of a newspaper. He becomes a paid
propagandist of certain definite doctrines, and every time he departs from them deliberately, he deliberately swindles his employers.”
11) Which side does Mencken support and what were his reasons for doing so?
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12) Do you agree or disagree with this argument? Why?
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Republican Policies Favoring Business - Prezi
1)
Define laissez – faire (index) _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Republican Policies Favoring
Business
10
Presidents of the 20s
Warren Harding – “Return to Normalcy”
1) What was the goal of the Washington Naval Conference? (p. 419)
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The message below was delivered by President Harding as part of his Inaugural Address in 1921:
“We must seek the readjustment with care and courage. [W]e must strive for normalcy to reach stability…The forward course of the
business cycle is unmistakable. Peoples are turning from destruction to production. Industry has sensed the changed order and [is] turning to
resume their normal, onward way. The call is for productive America to go on. I speak for administrative efficiency, for lightened tax burdens, for
sound commercial practices, for adequate credit facilities, for sympathetic concern for all agricultural problems, for the omission of unnecessary
interference of government with business, for an end to government’s experiment in business, and for more efficient business in government
administration.” – Warren Harding
2) How did Harding intend to return Americans “to normalcy”?
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3) Fordney-McCumber Tariff – What was the purpose of this tariff? How did it affect Britain and France? (p. 420)
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4) Describe the Teapot Dome Scandal. (p. 421)
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Calvin Coolidge – “The Business of America is Business”
5) What type of government policies did Coolidge favor? Why? (p. 422)
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Herbert Hoover - Prezi
Hoover’s Background
“Rugged Individualism”
How are these presidents different from the
Progressive Era presidents?
Business Policy
11
Factors Underlying the Prosperity of the 1920s - Prezi
Factor
Description
Illustration to help you
remember
The
Automobile &
Henry Ford
Other New
Industries
More
Efficient
Production
Techniques
The Age of
Mass
Consumption
Buying on
Credit
Speculation
Boom
Uneven
Prosperity
???
Many historians believe the mass-production of automobiles was the most important factor in the prosperity of the
1920s. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
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Did the use of buying on credit make the economy fragile? Explain.
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12
Part I
Part II [work with a partner on both parts] DO NOT USE THE TEXTBOOK AT ALL! (22 answers)
___ 1. ____________________ – this was an emancipated young woman who
embraced the new fashions & urban attitudes of the
day
___ 2. ____________________ – this is where drinkers went to obtain liquor illegally in
hidden saloons and nightclubs
___ 3. ____________________ – a style of music born in the early 20th century in New
Orleans where musicians blended instrumental
ragtime and vocal blues into an exuberant sound.
Improvisation became a key characteristic of this
style of music.
___ 4. ____________________ - a medium of communication (as newspapers, radio,
____
or movies) that is designed to reach as many people
as possible
___ 5. ____________________ – the widespread interest in famous individuals
___ 6. ____________________ – A group of writers from the 1920s were known as
this. Their works expressed disillusionment with the
ideals of an earlier time and with the materialism of a
business-oriented culture
___ 7. ____________________ –novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald where he revealed
the negative side of the Jazz Age’s gaiety and
freedom, portraying wealthy & attractive people
leading imperiled lives in gilded surroundings.
___ 8. ____________________ – this was a flowering of African-American artistic
creativity (literary, art, music, etc) centered in NYC
___ 9. ____________________ – this was someone who smuggled in liquor into the US
illegally through Canada, Cuba or the West Indies
___ 10. ____________________ – this was a set of principles that unfairly granted
greater sexual freedom to men than to women
___ 11. ____________________ – phrase coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald to describe the
1920s because this style of music became a symbol
of the “new” and “modern” culture of the cities
13
Part III Organize the terms into 3-6 categories and give the categories a title (5 pts each = 55 pts) Work alone
Part IV (use a minimum of two complete sentences per answer) [work by yourself!!] (45 pts)
1. How is mass media related to a cult of celebrity? (8 pt)
2. What inference or conclusion can one make about how the Lost Generation felt about the
Roaring Twenties? (8 pts)
3. What is the significance of the Harlem Renaissance to White Americans? (9 pts)
4. You are a parent. How would you justify the double standard of giving your 16 year old
daughter a 10 p.m. curfew when her older brother had one at 12 a.m. when he was her age?
(10pts)
5. Identify one modern day flapper. Describe why she should be called a flapper? (10 pts)
14
The Emergence of New Values
Women
1) Describe a “flapper.” (p. 440)
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2) What is a “double standard”?
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3) How did women’s roles change in the 20s?
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Fads – Describe the following “fads.” (p. 444)
4) Flagpole Sitting _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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5) Dance Fads _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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6) What could be considered modern-day versions of these fads above?
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Tin Pan Alley - Prezi
What is it?
Why did it happen?
Highlights and Importance?
15
Youth and the Lost Generation
Writers of the 1920s - Prezi
What did this group of writers believe?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Writer
Books
What did they write about?
Ernest
Hemingway
Sinclair Lewis
F. Scott
Fitzgerald
How did these writers reflect American Society of the times?
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16
African American Population in the United States, 1910-1930
1910
1920
1930
Increase, 19101930
9, 827, 763
10.5 million
11.9 Million
21%
Source: U.S. Census
Figure it out with a partner.
Examine the chart at the top of the page.
Make a general statement describing the rate of increase of the African American population between 1910 and 1930
in the six cities in the chart.
Now examine the smaller chart below. How does the percent increase of the African American population in the United
States between 1910 and 1930 compare to the increase in the cities in the top chart?
How do you account for the difference you described above? What reasons from U.S. history can you find to account
for this? (Think About Push/Pull Factors)
Look at the percent increase in African American population in Detroit between 1910 and 1930. What do you notice?
How do you account for this large number? What historical factors were involved? (Think about what industries were
“booming” in Detroit)
What is this time period called?
17
The Harlem Renaissance - Prezi
What is the Harlem Renaissance? (p. 452)
Poets, Writers, and Musicians
How did they contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?
Langston Hughes
Countee Cullen
Zora Neale
Hurston
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
Bessie Smith
Political Activists
Marcus Garvey
James Weldon
Johnson
Random Information that you need to know, and I didn’t have another spot for it …
Please Google American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 and write a definition:
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18
New Heroes…New Role Models
(Textbook p. 448 & Google)
What do people do with their spare time (leisure time)?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Charles Lindbergh
Babe Ruth
Jack Dempsey
Helen Wills & Gertrude Ederle
Lindbergh’s flight served as a bridge between tradition and modernity. John Ward wrote an essay, The Meaning of
Lindbergh’s Flight, in which he looked at the impact of his flight on history:
“Lindbergh, in every remark about his flight and in his writings, resisted the tendency to exploit the flight as the
achievement of an individual. He never said ‘I,’ he always said ‘We.’ But there was always the fact that his exploit
was a victory of the machine over nature. There was another aspect, one in which the public celebrated the
machine and the society of which it was a product. By calling Lindbergh a pioneer, people could read into history
the need [for] turning back to the frontier past. Yet people could also read history in terms of progress into the
future. They did this by emphasizing the machine involved in Lindbergh’s flight.”
What did Ward think was one of the meanings of Lindbergh’s flight?
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19
“Only Yesterday”
With a group of 4-5, read and analyze the excerpts. What is the important information???
Reading 1 – Mrs. Smith’s Description ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Reading 2 – News
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Reading 3 – Sports News
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Reading 4 – Post World War
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Reading 5 – Cars
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Reading 6 – Stock Market
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Reading 7 – Returning Soldiers
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Reading 8 – Social Life Part I
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Reading 9 – Social Life Part II
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Quick Review!
Amendment
SHORT DESCRIPTION/DEFINITION
16th
17th
18th
19th
Google “Black Tuesday” and write a description – Why is this event important in history?
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