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UN TOURISME URBAIN EN FRICHE?
LA MISE EN TOURISME DES ESPACES URBAINS POSTINDUSTRIELS EN POLOGNE
DEREK Marta
Université de Varsovie
Faculté de Géographie et des Etudes Regionales
Departement du Geographie du Tourisme et des Loisirs
Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28
00-927 Varsovie, Pologne
www.wgsr.uw.edu.pl/turyzm
m.derek@uw.edu.pl; Tel. +48 22 55 20 626; Mobile +48509460801; Fax + 48 22 55 21 521
Résumé (500 mots)
For many years urban tourism meant sightseeing central tourist districts, with core attractions and main tourist
services (Judd 1999). In recent years, however, this model has been contested (Maitland 2008, Gravari-Barbas
2013). Tourists seek out something else than just traditional tourists zones; they want to experience “the real life”
in a city they visit. And so they have started being interested in ordinary everyday life, visiting places where people
live and work, ethnic, poor or edgy neighbourhoods, etc. (Judd 2003).
R. Maitland and P. Newman (2009) called this activity tourism off the beaten track, taking central tourist districts
(Stansfield, Rickert 1970), tourist bubbles (Judd 1999) or main tourist attractions as beaten tracks. The atmosphere
and qualities of places rather than specific attractions draw tourists to most of such areas. R. Maitland and P.
Newman (2009, 16) note that members of cosmopolitan consuming class, conscious of the increasingly
commodified landscape of tourism, give higher priority to finding the real and authentic, and to experiences that are
not engineered for tourists.
This trend can also be observed in the cities’ post-industrial areas, especially if they are redeveloped into new uses.
It is interesting that these areas become more and more visited both for tourists and city residents. For many years
industrial factories were areas closed to the public and people could not get inside. They constituted separate
enclaves inside the cities. The decline of industry and the introduction of new uses into former factories changed
this and made it possible to visit them. This became an attraction mainly for city residents – they could experience
their own urban location “as if tourists” (Lloyd, Clark 2001), visiting new, yet undiscovered areas of their cities, and
putting life into them again. Many of them also became attractive for tourists, as former industrial sites were usually
not a city’s established tourist attraction and constituted something different – real and authentic.
This paper aims to analyse the process of these transformations – development of post-industrial sites into tourist
attractions in Polish cities. Some of them are still off the beaten track, however some have evolved from the places
off the beaten track towards one of the key attractions of the cities. Sometimes their redevelopment change the
neighbourhoods. Sometimes this neighbourhood is transformed into new tourist spaces.
We will try to identify the reasons and the mechanisms of the process. Particular attention will be paid to the
stakeholders (“actors”) who played an important role in the process of redevelopment of these areas.
The method applied in the paper will be the case study. Different places will be chosen from the biggest Polish
cities. The following methods will be used: the inventory of all the activities located within the areas; research via
internet, local journals, literature; in-depth semi-structured interviews with (1) managers, owners or people
responsible for the activities of the selected places, (2) people responsible for the transformation of the place and
(3) local activists or experts embedded in a local context.
Mots-clés : (5)
Ville, loisirs, tourisme urbain, friches, espaces post-industriels
Références Bibliographiques
Gravari-Barbas M., 2013, Aménager la ville par la culture et le tourisme, Le Moniteur, Paris
Judd D., 1999, « Constructing the Tourist Bubble », in: D. R. Judd, S. S. Fainstein (Eds.), The Tourist City, Yale
University Press, New Haven, London, 35-53
Judd D., 2003, « Visitors and the Spatial Ecology of the City », in: L. M. Hoffman, S. S. Fainstein, D. R. Judd (Eds.),
Cities and Visitors. Regulating People, Markets, and City Space, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Malden – Oxford –
Carlton, 23-38
Lloyd R., Clark T. N., 2001, « The city as an entertainment machine », Critical Perspectives on Urban
Redevelopment, 6 (3), 357-78
Maitland R., 2008, « Conviviality and Everyday Life: the Appeal of the New Areas of London for Visitors »,
International Journal of Tourism Research, 10, 15-25
Maitland R., Newman P. (Eds.), 2009, World Tourism Cities. Developing Tourism off the Beaten Track, Abingdon:
Routledge
Stansfield C., Rickert J., 1970, « The recreational business district », Journal of Leisure Research, 2 (4), 213-225