Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Period _____
Evolution of Populations CST Review
Directions: Before completing the review questions, read through the key concepts and main ideas, and underline or highlight any key vocabulary.
Key Concept: A population shares a common gene pool.
Main Idea: Genetic variation in a population increases the chance that some individuals will survive.
Main Idea: Genetic variation comes from several sources.
1. Define the following words: a. Genotype: ____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________. b. Phenotype: ___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________. c. Gene Pool: ___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
2. How is a gene pool like a pool of genes?
________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. What does an allele frequency measure?
________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. How can a wide range of phenotypes increase the chance that some individuals will survive in a changing environment?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
3. Fill in the concept map below.

4. How do mutations provide genetic variation?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________.
5. In the space below, write a logo advertising the importance of genetic diversity to a population.
Key Concept: Natural selection is not the only mechanism through which
populations evolve.
Main Idea: Gene flow is the movement of alleles between populations.
Main Idea: Genetic drift can occur in smaller populations.
1. When an individual ____________________ (immigrates / emigrates) from its population, its alleles are no longer part of that population’s gene pool.
2. When an individual ____________________ (immigrates / emigrates) into a new population, the genetic diversity of this new population increases.
3. How is genetic drift different from natural selection?
4. In the spaces provided below, draw pictures that help you remember the definitions of the vocabulary words.
Bottleneck Effect Founder Effect Gene Flow

Key Concept: There are five factors that can lead to evolution.
Take notes about these five factors in the table below.
Factor How it can Lead to Evolution
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
Mutation
A mutation is a change in the DNA code. Mutations often occur when DNA is copied during DNA replication. Sometimes, a mistake is made during this process, which can change the shape or function of a protein (example: “A” bonded to “C” rather than “A” bonded to “T”). If one nucleotide is changed, the entire protein may be affected leading to diseases like cystic fibrosis.
However, mutations are also an important source of genetic variation. Mutations allow each member of a population to be slightly different then other members. This genetic diversity usually results in at least some individuals in a population surviving.
There are 3 types of random mutations: additions, deletions, and substitutions of nucleotides. Many mutations have no effect on an individual while some mutations can be so damaging, they can cause serious illnesses or death.
Mutations constantly result in new traits in a population.
Positive Effects of Mutations Negative Effects of Mutations

Mutations: Substitution, Insertion, Deletion
DNA sequence: ATG CCG GCA
Amino Acid Sequence: Tryosine - Glysine - Arginine
Mutation:
______________
DNA Sequence:
ATC CCG CA
Mutation:
_______________
DNA Sequence:
AAT GCC GGC A
Mutation:
_______________
DNA Sequence:
ATG GCG GCA
Sexual
Selection
Natural
Selection
Amino Acid
Sequence:
_________ -
__________ -
Amino Acid
Sequence:
_________ -
__________ -
__________
Does this mutation have an effect on the protein made?
Yes / No
__________
Does this mutation have an effect on the protein made?
Yes / No
Amino Acid
Sequence:
_________ -
__________ -
__________
Does this mutation have an effect on the protein made?
Yes / No

Key Concept: New species arise when populations are isolated.
Main Idea: The isolation of populations can lead to speciation.
Main Idea: Populations can become isolated in several ways.
Fill in the term from the box that best completes each statement.
Speciation
Environments
Gene Flow
Mutation
Species
Mate
Gene Pools
Genetic Drift
1. Two populations are said to be isolated if there is no longer any ____________________ between them.
2. Over generations, the ___________________ of isolated populations may become more and more different.
3. Isolated populations may become genetically different as they adapt to new
___________________ , or through random processes such as mutation and
___________________ .
4. When members of two isolated populations can no longer ___________________ successfully, the populations are said to be reproductively isolated.
5. Reproductive isolation is the final step of ___________________ , which is the rise of new
___________________ .
In the chart below, take notes about the three ways in which populations can become isolated, leading to reproductive isolation.
Type of
Isolation
How it Works Example
Behavioral
Isolation
Geographical
Isolation
Temporal
Isolation

Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Period _____
Evolution of Populations CST Test
Standard 7.c. Mutation
1. M utations within a DNA sequence are
A natural processes that produce genetic diversity.
B natural processes that always affect the phenotype.
C unnatural processes that always affect the phenotype.
D unnatural processes that are harmful to genetic diversity.
2. Which best explains why a mutation might be harmless?
A A mutation involves only small portions of the genome
B A mutation makes DNA too big to fit in the nucleus.
C A mutation might not change the amino acid produced.
D A mutation requires large amounts of energy to maintain.
3. Unfavorable mutations are generally removed from the gene pool by natural selection.
Why might this occur?
A Unfavorable mutations arise too rapidly to become adaptive.
B Unfavorable mutations do not improve an individual’s fitness.
C Unfavorable mutations require too much energy to maintain.
D Unfavorable mutations are less important than favorable ones.
4. What is the best reason why new mutations are generated frequently in a population’s gene pool?
A Organisms in a population have a higher mutation rate than isolated individuals.
B Alleles associated with favorable phenotypes increase in frequency.
C Environmental factors are more favorable for mutations in groups than for individuals.
D Individuals have many genes, and a population contains many individuals.
Standard 8.b. Diversity and Survival
1. Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on Earth continued following these catastrophes?
A Dominant species had a slow mutation rate.
B Many species filled the same niche.
C A strong species had many different characteristics.
D A wide diversity of species existed.
2. Mollusks that live in warmer water usually do not have shells. If ocean temperatures increase, which of the groups listed to the right would most likely survive?
A octopi, slugs, clams, and cuttlefish
B snails, slugs, oysters, and mussles
C mussels, snails, squid, and slugs
D slugs, squid, octopi, and cuttlefish
Group
Clams
Oysters
Octopi
Mussels Yes
Snails
Slugs
Shell
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Squid No
Cuttlefish No
Habitat
Burrow
Rocks
Swim
Rocks
Plants
Plants
Swim
Swim
Standard 8.c. Genetic Drift

1.
A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population?
A It will accelerate the appearance of new traits.
B It will promote the survival of chimpanzees with beneficial traits.
C It will increase the number of alleles for specific traits.
D It will reduce genetic diversity.
2. Populations that undergo genetic drift have
A increased gene flow.
B higher growth rates.
C decreased genetic diversity.
D increased selection.
3. A small portion of a population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased
A genetic drift.
B mutation rate.
C natural selection.
D genetic variation
Standard 8.d. Speciation
1.
A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This change was most likely due to
A higher mutation rates on one side.
B low genetic diversity in the initial population.
C the isolation of the two groups.
D differences in reproductive rates.
2. Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of this speciation?
A episodic isolation
B temporal isolation
C geographic isolation
D behavioral isolation
Standard 8.e. Fossil Evidence
1. According to this information on the right, which group demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the Cretaceous period?
A dinosaurs
C snakes
B
D crocodilians
lizards
2. If a paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same time, the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of
A climatic variation.
B episodic speciation.

C biological diversity.
D geographic isolation.