121010 – Biology Course Companion Work
Pg. 206
1. The kingdom in which all of the species in figure 3 belong to is animalia.
2. A) Fish nos. 1 and 2 in the 2nd row and fish nos. 1 and 3 in the 3rd row are in the same genus.
B) I) these 4 fish are different species because different colors and minor details
II) These 4 fish are in the same family due to their similarities in shape
C) Large and flat. Tails are rounded off in this picture which shows a longer tail.
3. I think these other 4 fish are split into two order where fish nos. 1 and 3 in the 1st row and fish
no. 2 in the 3rd row are in the same order because they are all smaller and have long bodies.
Their fins are in similar shapes as well. The last fish, no. 3 in the 2nd row is by itself in a separate
order because of its shape and size right in the middle. It has somewhat longer sides and fins
that the small ones however its sides and fins are smaller of those species in describe in
question 2.
Pg. 209
1. Phylum
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthopoda
Organism
Alcyinium glomeratum
Cyanea capillata
Adocia cinerea
Corynactis viridis
Polymastia mammiliaris
Lepidonatus clara
Prostheceraeus vittatus
Loligo forbesii
Procerodes littoralis
Arenicola marina
Pyconigonum littorale
Nymphon gracilis
Caprella linearis
Gammarus locusta
2. A) Pyconogonum littorale, Lepidonatus clara, Procerodes littoralis, Caprella linaris and
Gammarus locusta.
B) Nymphon gracilis, Corynactis viridis, Loligo forbesii and Cyanea capillata
C) Adocia cinera, Alcyonium glomeratum, Arenicola marina, Prostheceraeus vittatus and
Polymastica mammiliaris.
3. A) Gammarus locusta, Caprella linearis, Pyconogoum littorale
B) Cyanea capillata, corynactis virdis
C) Prostheceraeus vittatus, Lolifo forbesii, Procerodes littoralis,
4. Adocia cinerea, Alcyonium glomeratum, Cotynactis viridis, Polymastica mammiliaris, Cyanea
capillata, Procederos littoralis and Prostheceraeus vittatus.
Pg. 210
1. I think Linnaeus’ predictions of Homo sapiens were a little racist, considering that he wrote the
color, however he may just be describing their skin color as a way of saying this is majority. I do
think it sounds racists that he mentions it, however he also describes how they are ruled or how
they live, like with what government, and I think this could make him seem as if he is dividing
the parts up by how developed they are because you can’t label a country/area by governments
because not everyone is going to agree on the ways in which a government is ruled.
2. I believe that this statement is true. I don’t think you can use skin color as a way of describing
races because their pigment of their skin can come from different reasons, such as sun exposure
or burns, and you still find that people who have migrated won’t have the same skin color but
they may still live in this area, where the majority of them are one color.
3. I think data should be taken more closely, so that the history of human evolution can be
measured more closely and detailed. This can help us in many years, when we start to need new
medicines or cures to treat diseases, and I think by having a detailed history of the human
differences will help majorly in that time.
Pg. 211
1. (I) The first plant in the first row belongs to Filicinophyta, because the plant that we see has
stems, leaves and roots.
(II) The second plant in the first row belongs to Bryophyta, because we can see small ‘seed’
like things that are attached to plants that really aren’t seeds.
(III) The third plant in the first row belongs to Filicinophyta, because we can see the stems
and leaves.
(IV) The fourth plant in the first row belongs to Filicinophyta, even though it has small fruits
on it.
(V) The first plant in the second row belongs to Coniferophyta because we see the conifers
on the tree.
(VI) The second plant in the second row belongs to Angiospermophyta, because it has
flowers on the branches of it.
(VII)The third plant in the second row belongs to Angiospermophyta, because we can see
the small flower-like plants on the ends of the plant.
(VII) The fourth plant in the second row belongs to Bryophyta, because we can see the
spores on the plant.
2. A) species 34 is in a genus with no other species
B) Species ((1) (2-5) and (6-7)) and species ((9-10) (11-18) and (19-23)) are in a family with
two different genera
C) Species (24-30) and species (31-33) are in the same order with two different families.
D) species (1) (2-5) and (6-7) are in a class with three orders.
E) Species 8 is more closely related to species 16 because they share the same genus and
family, whereas species 6 only share order.
F) Species 34 has three concentric circles drawn around it because it shows that it does not
share any similarities with anything.
3. A) Porifera has pores all over their surface and Mollusca has a fold in the body wall and a
hard rasping radula.
B) Annelida has a body that is made up of many ring-shapes segments with bristles and
Arthopoda has a segmented body and legs with joints between the sections.
C)Cniadaris has tentacles arranged in rings around the mouth with stinging cells compared
with Platyhelmenthis which has flat an thin bodies.
4. A)
B) the binominal system that is used for naming living organisms was made up by a Swedish
botanist named Carl Linneaus and what he did was that he made up genus’ which are
groups of organisms that share certain characteristics with each other, and then he assigned
them each to a species which is the final organism by itself which is the completely specific
characteristics. To write down the binominal system as their names you must write the
Genus with a capital starting letter and species with lower-case starting letter.
C) keys are designed for each genus and others by naming specific characteristics that are
included in the named genus and it makes it easier to identify the organism because you can
read what characteristics that an organism should have to be in a specific genus or one of
the others.