Name:_________________________________________ block/sec:___________
Unit 1: Scientific Method & Measurements
1. The seven steps of the scientific method are _____________, Research,
_____________, _____________, Data, _____________ and Repeat.
2. The problem is a question asking: does the _____________ variable affect the
dependent variable?
3. The _____________ is what I, the scientist, change or manipulate in the
experiment.
4. The _____________variable is what will change in response to what I do, and it
will be measured as the data.
5. A possible explanation for a set of observations is the hypothesis, an
_____________ guess.
6. The _____________ group in the experiment is the normal way things are done,
so the independent variable is usually not applied to the control group.
7. _____________ are the parts of the experiment that are kept the same – they are
not variable, and should not change.
8. A unifying explanation for a broad range of observations, facts, and tested
hypotheses is called a _____________.
9. Whenever scientists carefully measure any object many times, they expect that
the measurements will be _____________.
10.Scientists use the _____________ System of Units (SI) so there is a common
way to share results.
11.The SI unit for mass is the _____________, the SI unit for length is the
_____________, the SI unit for liquid volume is the _____________ and the SI
unit for temperature is degrees _____________.
12.Mass is the amount of _____________ in an object.
13.Volume is the amount of _____________ an object takes up.
Unit 2: Cell Theory and Scientific Discovery
14.Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented the compound _____________ in 1595.
15.The invention of and improvements in the _____________ led to the
development of the cell theory.
16.A _____________ microscope has more than one lens.
17.A _____________ microscope has one lens – like a hand lens.
18.The _____________ microscope was not invented until the 1930s and uses a
beam of electrons instead of light.
19.In 1660, _____________ was the first to use a microscope to observe and name
cells.
20.In 1668, _____________’s experiment with meat and maggots disproved
spontaneous generation – maggots come from flies, not from rotting meat.
21.In 1676, _____________was the first to see living cells and discovered bacteria.
22.Three major scientists that led to the development of cell theory are
_____________, _____________, and _____________.
23.In 1838 _____________ said all plants are made of cells.
24.In 1839 _____________ said all animals are made of cells, therefore all living
things are made of cells.
25.In 1850s, _____________ concluded that living cells come from other living
cells.
26.In late 1850s, _____________’s experiment disproved spontaneous generation
even in the single-celled bacteria that are all around us.
27.The cell theory says all living things are composed or made of _____________.
28.The cell theory says cells are the smallest unit of _____________ and
_____________ in living things.
29.The cell theory says cells can only come from other living _____________.
Unit 2: Cell Organelles and their functions
30.The “mighty” _____________ is the powerhouse of the cell and does cell
_____________.
31.During cell respiration, the mitochondria take in _____________ and glucose.
32.During cell respiration, the mitochondria produce energy for the cell, along with
water and _____________.
33.The _____________ surrounds the cell and decides what goes in and out.
34.The _____________ packages proteins so they can be sent somewhere else in
the cell or outside of the cell. It is like the U.P.S.
35.The _____________ produces, or makes proteins and is a tiny, round organelle
found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is the
protein factory.
36.The _____________ is the outside layer of the plant cells that supports and
protects the plant cells.
37.The _____________ is the brain of the cell because it controls everything and
tells the rest of the cell what to do.
38.The _____________ is gel-like and surrounds everything else – it’s the
background of the cell and holds all the organelles together
39.The _____________ is green due to chlorophyll and it is only found in the plant
cell.
40.The chloroplast goes through photosynthesis by taking in water and
_____________.
41.The chloroplast uses the sun’s energy to turn water and carbon dioxide
molecules into _____________ (a sugar) and oxygen.
42.The _____________ cleans up the animal cell by digesting food and waste and
destroying old unneeded cells – this is sometimes called the suicide sac.
43.The _____________ is a large organelle that transports proteins and other
materials within the cell.
44.The _____________ is made of DNA and found in the nucleus – sometimes it
is in a special shape called the chromosome. This is the instructions for the cell.
45.The _____________ is the storage tank for the cell, holding food, water and
waste. They are much larger in the plant cell.
46.The _____________ is a cylinder shaped organelle that helps the animal cell
divide.
47.The _____________ is found inside the nucleus and makes ribosomes.
Unit 3: Ecology
48.The place where an organism lives and that provides the things it needs to
survive is its _____________.
49.The _____________of an organism tells us what level in the food chain the
organism is feeding at – the first level in the chain is always producer, followed
by first level or primary consumer.
50.The producers are _____________ that make their own food using energy from
_____________ through the process of _____________.
51.A food _____________ shows the movement of energy through an ecosystem
and can be drawn in a straight line.
52.A food _____________ shows the many overlapping food chains in an
ecosystem.
53.An energy _____________ shows the amount of energy available to each
trophic level – the amount of energy decreases as you move up the levels.
54.There is _____________ energy available at higher trophic levels, so the higher
level consumers must eat much more than low level consumers.
55.All the organisms of one species in an area are a _____________.
56.All the populations that interact in an area are called the _____________.
57.All the biotic factors (living things) and abiotic factors (non-living things) that
interact in an area make up an _____________.
58.Organisms within populations and communities will _____________ for
limited resources.
59.Organisms have a _____________ in the ecosystem – their particular role that
they fill, such as nighttime predator or daytime herbivore.
60.Having a different niche _____________ competition.
61.Predation involves a _____________ hunting and killing its prey.
62._____________ is the close relationship of two species in which at least one
species benefits.
63._____________ benefits the parasite that lives on or in a _____________ and
feeds off of it, harming it.
64._____________ helps one organism but does not help or harm the other – such
as a bird building a nest in a tree.
65._____________ benefits both species, such as bees pollinating flowers.
66.Some organisms will hibernate over the winter as a way to conserve
_____________.
67.An adaptation is a characteristic or trait that helps an organism _____________
and _____________ in its environment.
68.Organisms are _____________ with adaptations – they cannot choose to
change them.
69.Natural selection occurs when organisms that have adaptations are
_____________to survive and reproduce and pass on the adaptation.
70.Evolution is the change in a _____________ over a long time.
71._____________ was the first to propose a theory of evolution, but many
scientists have changed and added to his original theory.
72.If a species does not include traits that enable it to survive in its environment or
to survive changes in the environment, then the species may become
_____________.
73.The maximum number of organisms that can survive in an area is the
_____________.
74.Something in the environment that keeps a population from growing is a
_____________.
75.Similar structures (body parts) found in related species are _____________
structures.