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Which will most likely increase friction on snow-covered highways? Sand
A mover has to lift a heavy box with a pulley. Which force is the greatest to overcome in order to lift the box? Gravity
Once a space shuttle returns to Earth’s atmosphere, which force helps the shuttle return to Earth’s surface? Gravitational Force
Which best describes the force of gravity? A pulling force
The table shows the weights of several students.
Name
Daniel
Maria
Sally
Tyler
Weight
100 pounds
89 pounds
93 pounds
97 pounds
Which student requires the most force to move his or her body? Daniel (The heaviest student)
6 When Anna tells her father that her bicycle is hard to pedal, he oils the chain. How does this make her bike easier to ride?
Friction on the bike has decreased.
7 In order for someone to push a heavy box 10 meters across a floor, which must happen? The force of the person pushing must
be greater that the force of friction.
8 John stands at the top of a steep hill and pushes a ball over the edge with his foot. Which force causes the ball to continue rolling
down the hill? Gravity
9 An example of increased friction: Rubber on the bottom of shoes keeps a person from falling on slippery ground.
10 Peter helped his family move last week. He noticed when he tried to slide a heavy box across the floor, it was difficult. Which
factor best illustrates what causes this to happen? Friction
11 Which best describes the relationship between movement and friction? As the rate of friction increases, the rate of movement
decreases.
12 Which best describes the role friction plays in the operation of a car? Friction helps a car slow down and stop.
13 Michael is using the balls below for an experiment.
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He kicks the two balls with the same amount of force and thinks the heavier ball will go farther. Is he correct? No, he is incorrect
because the lighter ball has less mass, so it will travel farther.
How would the absence of friction affect a marble traveling on a long, straight path? The marble will remain at a constant
speed.
Ann goes down the slide at the playground. At the bottom, she slides off and stops. Which most likely explains why she stops
moving? The force of her hitting the ground makes her stop.
Two identical balls are pushed with the same force. One ball is pushed along a flat surface and the other ball is pushed down a
slanted surface. Which ball will travel faster and why? The ball on a slanted surface because of increased gravity.
When is friction needed during the course of motion? To slow down motion.
What is an example of trying to increase friction? Spreading sand on an icy road
How can the speed of an object best be determined? Distance traveled divided by the time it took to travel.
Which tools will be most helpful to a scientist measuring motion? A compass, a stopwatch, and a measuring tape.
A runner traveled 6 miles in one hour. During the next hour, she traveled 8 miles. Which best describes the motion of the runner
during the second hour? The runner is speeding up.
A helicopter traveled 200 miles in one hour. During the next hour, it traveled another 200 miles. Which best describes the average
speed of the helicopter during the second hour? Exactly the same as the first hour.
Which information is needed to determine how fast a truck is traveling? Distance and time
The table below shows the results when several students ran a 500-meter race. (Speed = Distance ÷ Time)
Name
Daniel
Maria
Sally
Tyler
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26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
Distance Run
500 m
500 m
500 m
500 m
Time (in seconds)
130
120
116
122
Which student ran the race the fastest? Sally
A car takes 3 hours to travel 180 miles at a constant speed. How fast is the car traveling? (speed = distance ÷ time) 60 miles per
hour
A car is moving at a constant speed. What is the speed of the car if it moves 100 miles in 2 hours? (speed = distance ÷ time) 50
mph
What is the speed of a runner who runs 400 meters in 40 seconds?
(speed = distance ÷ time) 10 meters/second
An airplane traveled 400 miles in one hour. By the end of the next hour, it had traveled a total of 800 miles. Which best describes
the motion of the airplane? It was moving at the same average speed for the two hours.
In her first race, a runner ran 2,000 meters at a speed of 6 meters/min. During her second race, she ran another 2,000 meters at a
slower speed. Which statement is true? The second race took longer than the first race.
Rebekah and Sarah raced each other over a distance of 100 meters. Rebekah and Sarah reached the end of the 100 meters at the
same time. Which best describes the motion of the girls? The girls ran at the exact same average speed.
Megan drops two objects with different masses. She drops them from the same place, and they land at the same time. Which best
explains why they land at the same time? Forces are the same
A car traveled for ten minutes. In the first seven minutes, the car traveled seven miles. In the last three minutes, the car traveled
one mile. Which best describes the motion of the car in the last three minutes? The car slowed down.
A group of students hiked at a rate of 4 kilometers per hour through the park.
The journey took 4 hours. How far did the group travel? (distance = speed × time) 16 kilometers
The graph below shows the motion of a student riding a bike.
When did the speed of the bike increase the most? Between seconds 6 and 7
A car leaves New York at noon and arrives in Washington D.C. at 4pm. It traveled 230 miles. What was the average speed of the
car during the trip? (speed = distance ÷ time) 57.5 mph
A car is traveling 50 miles per hour. It leaves Boston, Massachusetts at 5 a.m. and is traveling to Hartford, Connecticut, which is
100 miles away. Without traffic problems or stops, about what time should the car arrive in Hartford? 7:00 am
A car traveled 60 miles in one hour, while a bus traveled 120 miles in two hours. Which best describes the motion of the vehicles?
(speed = distance ÷ time) They traveled at the same average speed.
Suzy’s trip to the store takes 30 minutes. She stays inside the store for 10 minutes before returning home. She follows the exact
same route home, making her total trip time one hour and twenty minutes. Which statement best describes Suzy’s motion? She
slows down on the return trip.
Which most affects a baseball’s motion when it is hit by a batter? the mass of the baseball and how hard the batter hits it
A train travels 100 meters in 10 seconds. It travels 300 meters in the next 10 seconds. By 30 seconds, it has traveled 900 meters.
Which best describes the motion of the train? It’s speed is increasing.
Ann is traveling to her aunt’s house, and has estimated that the trip will take 4 hours if she drives at an average speed of 50 miles
per hour. She begins driving at 50 miles per hour, but soon has to adjust her speed to 30 miles per hour. What effect will this most
likely have on her trip? The trip will take longer than the estimated 4 hours.
42 How long will it take a car that is moving at 60 miles per hour to travel 120 miles? (speed = distance ÷ time) 2 hours
43 The graph below shows the motion of two cars.
How does the motion of the two cars compare?
Car 1 is maintaining a constant speed and car 2 is speeding up.
44 Abby recorded the distance and time of a ball rolling down a ramp in the table below.
Distance (feet)
1
2
4
7
Time (seconds)
2
3
4
5
Which best describes the motion of the ball? The ball increases speed.
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The graph below shows the journey of a car over a period of 12 hours.
Which line segment shows a period of time when the car was stopped? Segment CD
46 This shows the movement of two cars.
Based on the graph, which statement is true? Car 1 moved at a constant speed, while Car 2 stopped moving for 10 minutes
47 A graph of a caterpillar’s position over time is shown below.
Which best describes the caterpillar’s motion? The caterpillar moves 1 centimeter back toward the starting position after 40
seconds.
48 A ball is rolled at a constant speed away from its original position. Which best represents the motion of the ball?
49 The graph below displays the motion of an object.
Which statement best describes the motion of the object from minute 3 to minute 4? The object is moving at a constant speed.
50 A graph of a ball’s motion is below.
Based on the graph, what is most likely happening to the ball? The ball is sitting on a shelf.
51 The results of a race are shown in the graph .
Which car finished in second place in the race? X
52 The graph below shows the motion of a student over time.
For how long did the student walk before he stopped? 4 seconds
53 An airplane flies from North Carolina to New York.
Based on the graph, which is the estimated speed of the plane? 300 miles/hour
54 Juan goes for a run. After running for 20 minutes, he takes a 5-minute break. Which graph best represents this?
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The graph below represents a traveling car.
What can be determined about the speed at which the car is traveling? The car is traveling at a constant speed.
56 The graph below shows a helicopter’s change in position over ten minutes of time.
During what time period did the helicopter’s position change the least? 3-4 minutes
57 The graph below shows a student’s motion.
For how long did the he walk when he started walking the second time? 6 seoncds
58 Which graph shows a person with a 20-yard head start for the sack race?
59 Allison roller skated around her neighborhood. The graph below shows her position over time.
Which statement best describes her motion? Allison traveled faster between hours 3–4 than between hours 0–1.
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The graphs below show the speed of two runners.
Which best describes the motion of Runner A and Runner B? Both Runner A and Runner B run at the same speed, but started
in different locations.
61 Mandy and Josh raced one lap around the track. The graph below shows the results of their race.
Race Results
Which statement can be proven by the graph? Mandy won the race.
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The graph below represents a traveling car.
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If the car continues to travel at a constant speed, what can be predicted about the distance the car will have traveled after two
hours? 120 miles
An object is traveling at a steady speed in a straight line. Which will cause the object to change directions? An unbalanced force
acting on the object.
A ball was rolling fast and then slowed. Which most likely caused the ball to slow? Friction
Which will happen to an object if the forces acting upon it are unbalanced? The object will moved based on the stronger force.
A ball is thrown straight up in the air and comes down into the glove of a student. Which best describes this situation?
Unbalanced forces acted on the ball.
Which best explains how an object’s motion changes when additional force is applied? As force increases, acceleration
increases.
Jack and Trish pulled opposite ends of a rope. Neither person was able to move the rope. What can be said about the force used by
each person? Jack and Trish used equal force.
Which will happen to a object moving at a constant speed if additional force is applied to it in the same direction? It will change
speed.
Mr. Smith’s class is experimenting with two toy cars that have the same mass. If one car is pushed harder than the other car is
pushed, what will most likely happen? The car that was pushed harder will travel farther than the other car.
Which must happen for a moving car to change direction? It will change speed.
Which is true when equal and opposite forces are applied to an object? There is no change in motion.
Two teams are playing “tug-of-war” with a long rope. Both teams have six members each that are all about the same size and
strength. During the game, two members of the same team let go of the rope at the same time and quit playing. Which will most
likely occur next? The rope will move into the direction of the team with more members.
74 Miguel and Jasmine were pulling on a rope from opposite ends. Which best explains why the center of the rope began moving
toward Jasmine? The force of Jasmine pulling was greater than the force of Miguel pulling.
75 Mark and the chair are exerting the same amount of force on each other.
Which will most likely happen to the chair? It will stay still.
76 Wind is acting on the sails of a boat as shown in the illustration below. The force of the wind is greater than the force of the water.
Which will most likely happen to the boat if the wind increases? The boat will speed up.
77 A truck is traveling 70 mph with a heavy load in its trailer. After the truck is unloaded, it again travels 70 mph. Which best
explains how the force acting on the truck changed after the truck was unloaded? A smaller force was need to move the truck
because it had less mass.
78 A hot air balloon is floating in the atmosphere. If a burst of hot air were blown up into the balloon, which would most likely
occur? The balloon would rise.
79 If a bookcase and a book were pushed with the same force, what would most likely happen? The book would move farther
because it had less mass.
80 Which determines whether an object hit by an unbalanced force will change direction or continue moving in the same direction?
The direction in which the unbalanced force is traveling.
81 A force causes an object to be in motion. Which will most likely happen to the motion of the object if a weaker force begins
acting on the object in the opposite direction? The speed of the object will decrease.
82 Two cars, a heavier car and lighter car, are pushed with equal force, and are affected by the same amount of friction. Which best
describes the effect on the distance the cars will move? The heavier car will travel a shorter distance because it has more mass.
83 Team 1 and Team 2 each has five people who are pulling with equal force on opposite ends of a rope. Which will most likely
happen if Team 1 stops pulling on the rope? Team 2 will pull the rope closer to their side.