[NAME OF IP or STATE]
2014 Quarter 1 to 3 Progress Review
(January - September 2014)
I. Background Information
Project No
Project Name
Project level (Federal /State)
LESS BURN FOR A CLEAN EARTH: MINIMIZATION
OF DIOXIN EMISSION FROM OPEN BURNING
SOURCES IN NIGERIA
FEDERAL
Project Office Address
14, AGUIYI IRONSI, MAITAMA, ABUJA
Project Focal Officer’s NamePhone Number(s)Project Email Address-
IDI MOHAMMED MALEH
08033108784
nigeriaupops@yahoo.com
Alternate Officer’s NamePhone Number(s)Project Email Address-
OLUBUNMI OLUSANYA
08023040724
nigeriaupops@yahoo.com
Name officer authorized to
approve this report
IDI MOHAMMED MALEH
II. Project information
UNDAF Outcome:
UNDAP Output:
KEY Priorities for 2014:
Productivity and employment for wealth creation with bias
towards the poor and to help build a private sector-led on
non-oil economy particularly in agriculture and agro-industry
Environmental Governance at Federal level and in selected
States based increasingly on policy, legal and regulatory
frameworks and actions that are more likely to protect
natural resources as well as livelihoods.
-Pilot States’ municipal waste policy setting & enforcement
capacity increased.
-UPOPS emissions reduced through improved incremental
management of dumpsites to prevent burning
Replication of best practices for UPOPs reduction in other
States.
1
III. Project Progress:
Status of
Activity
S/n
* List all activities planned this
year in AWP
1
2
3
4
5
6
Organization of stakeholders’
review/adoption workshop on
updated technical by-laws in each
pilot state
Balance payment for the
Committee on By-laws update
Conduct local sensitization
campaign for by-laws and
policies
Publication of new by-laws
Training in 2 pilot States on
improvement of enforcement
capacity with respect to UPOPs
regulations & by-laws
Summer internship programme
for university students to do field
work supervised jointly by
professors and SEPA staff in
project pilot sites.
* Mark X in the
appropriate
box
Budget
($000)
Expendi
ture
($000)
Bal
($000)
Not
Started
Ongoing
Complet
ed
Planned Activities
x
30,000
30,000
nil
x
9,000
9,000
nil
x
24,000
24,000
nil
x
5,000
5,000
nil
x
112,000
x
40,000
Outputs / Results achieved
* List outputs achieved
* For activities e.g. training indicate number of
people (M/F)
Technical by-laws, state & Municipal guidance
covering UPOPs reducing in municipal waste
management developed and adopted.
19 Stakeholders from each Pilot State reviewed
and adopted the draft Technical by-law.
Strengthened capacity in UPOPs minimizing
Municipal & Agricultural Waste management
practice
2
Status of
Activity
S/n
* List all activities planned this
year in AWP
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
* Mark X in the
appropriate
box
Budget
($000)
Expendi
ture
($000)
Bal
($000)
Not
Started
Ongoing
Complet
ed
Planned Activities
Inventory update of UPOPs
releases from Open burning of
municipal waste in the pilot
states.
Inventory of UPOPs releases
from Open burning of municipal
waste in 4 other states
Inventory update of UPOPs
releases from Open burning of
agricultural waste in Kano.
Engagement of NGO for Public
x
Awareness/ outreach campaign
for waste sorting & composting in
Awka
Purchase of 900 numbers of 60
litres Waste sorting receptacles
for household waste sorting in
Awka
Fencing of the Allocated land for
compost plant at Awka
Construction of a communitybased waste compost plant (three
-bin system)/installation of
x
50,000
x
x
Outputs / Results achieved
* List outputs achieved
* For activities e.g. training indicate number of
people (M/F)
Conduct inventory of UPOPs sources and releases
from open burning of Municipal & Agricultural
Wastes.
118,000
7,305
6,500
Introduction of municipal waste separation
techniques in two selected communities
x
80,000
Establishment of composting and collection of
compostable municipal waste in two communities
in the pilot states
x
50,000
x
120,000
120,000
nil
Establishment of composting and collection of
compostable municipal waste in two communities
in the pilot states
3
Status of
Activity
S/n
* List all activities planned this
year in AWP
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
machinery and power plant in
Awka
Test running of the plant for
compost production/training of
personnel on composting
Dumpsite management expert on
no burn dumpsite
Upgrade of dumpsites in Awka.
UPOPs release reduction expert
in five states
Training in 5 states on UPOPs
reducing practices for replication
of project work
Study tour to pilot sites by other
SEPA staff around the country in
waste sorting, composting and
fire suppression
National Agricultural Expert
consultancy fee
Training on mixed farming with
integration of tree crops, food and
livestock
* Mark X in the
appropriate
box
Budget
($000)
Not
Started
Ongoing
Complet
ed
Planned Activities
x
Expendi
ture
($000)
Bal
($000)
Outputs / Results achieved
* List outputs achieved
* For activities e.g. training indicate number of
people (M/F)
60,000
x
20,000
x
x
x
200,000
13,200
200,000
x
Model dumpsite managed incrementally to reduce
burning
Incorporate UPOPs specific priorities in 5 states
IWM strategy.
177 people trained.
60,000
x
34,320
x
40,000
Alternative approaches to crop residue burning at
pilot-sites in Kano state introduced
4
Status of
Activity
S/n
* List all activities planned this
year in AWP
22
23
24
25
26
Peer to peer training by
participating farmers for other
farmers from around Kano and
other States
Gender assessment of the project
Independent Assessment of
Project impact.
Steering Committee Meetings
Project Personnel
* Mark X in the
appropriate
box
Budget
($000)
Not
Started
Ongoing
Complet
ed
Planned Activities
x
Expendi
ture
($000)
Bal
($000)
Outputs / Results achieved
* List outputs achieved
* For activities e.g. training indicate number of
people (M/F)
100,000
x
x
10,000
150,000
x
22,500
26,000
5
IV. Progress to Achieving Indicator Targets
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
1
2
Indicator
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
* List the agency
result
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Baseline
2014 Target
Outcome
1.1Stakeholders assess
and quantify baseline
data on UPOPs
generation from open
burning of MAW.
- Updated MAW source inventory
and UPOPs release figures from open
burning of MAW.
- Updated emission data on UPOPs in
pilot states and by projection for the
country.
Preliminary
data based
upon minimal
fieldwork and
ground
checking.
More
comprehensive
UPOPs estimate
elaborated and
adopted by
FMENV,
incorporated into
Stockholm
convention
report.
Annual release
updated, adopted by
FMENV and data
used by the
Stockholm
Convention national
desk office
Output 1:Demonstration of
Inventory of UPOPs
sources and releases in
two pilot sites.
Output 2. Monitoring and
reporting mechanisms in
place and operational.
Not Applicable for 2014. Achieved in previous years
Website
with
reporting
formats for each
participating
state shows “at a
glance” status of
UPOPs for each
state.
2 states by end
of year 1. 10
states by end of
year 2.
20 by end of year
3.
At least 15
states’ EPA
Continuous reporting
from pilot
states.
Contibuous updating
of Website
Outcome 1.2Federal
waste management
Online reporting format available for
each state to fill in online. Interactive
website tracking UPOPs reporting
from different Nigerian states.
No website or
reporting
format.
No. of States submitting annual
reports on UPOPs from open burning.
No reporting
mechanism;
not
states
reporting.
No. of state EPA endorsing draft
policy on MAW management.
No MAW
management
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Five
States
commenced UPOPs
data submission in
2014
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
States send data in form of annual municipal waste
generation. The Project Management Unit then converts
this to UPOPs emission.
6
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Baseline
2014 Target
policy in
place.
endorse policy
by end of year 3.
Legislative branch endorses MAW
management policy.
No legislative
branch
endorsement.
No. of Federal Agencies and State
EPA adopting new MAW strategy.
No federal or
state-level
MAW
strategies in
place.
Output 1. National
municipal and agricultural
waste management policy
developed.
Draft and final versions of policy
developed and reviewed in timely
manner.
No
policy
developed or
in place.
Output 2. Federal UPOPs
reduction implementation
strategy.
No. of people on national committee
for waste management trained in
MAW UPOPs issues & frequency of
committee meetings/year.
No people
trained on
MAW UPOPs
source and
release issues.
Committee
does not meet
regularly.
Endorsement of
policy
by
Cabinet by end
of year 3.
FMoE endorses
strategy by end
of year 3. At
least – State
EPA? Endorse
Strategy by end
of year 3.
Policy draft
completed by
end of year 1.
Stakeholder
review
completed by
end of year 2.
Submitted
to
legislative
branch
by
beginning
of
year 3 of project.
Every member
of committee
trained by end of
year 2.
Meeting 2x year
by end of year 2.
policy adopted and
UPOPs reduction
strategy endorsed.
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Draft Policy submitted
to
FMENV
for
onward submission to
Cabinet for approval
12 States endorsed
Strategy by end of
year 3.
Four States apart from
pilot
states
have
adopted new MAW
strategies
Draft Policy submitted
to
FMENV
for
onward submission to
Cabinet for approval
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
Policy draft is yet to be submitted to Cabinet for
approval, as a result of bureaucratic delays.
Policy draft is yet to be submitted to Cabinet for
approval, as a result of bureaucratic delays.
No functional national
committee on waste
management
7
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
3
Outcome 1.3Technical
by-laws and guidance
adopted by pilot state
EPA.
Output 1. Technical bylaws, state and municipal
guidance covering UPOPs
reductions in waste
management developed.
4
Outcome 1.4. Federal
and state municipal
waste policy setting
and enforcement
capacity increased.
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Baseline
2014 Target
By-laws for MAW managementrelated UPOPs drafted and adopted
by each pilot site city council.
No by-laws or
guidance
available at
state EPA
level for
UPOPs.
New by-law
adopted by at
least 2 city
councils total in
pilot sites by end
of year 2.
By-laws
adopted
several LGAs in pilot
states.
Evidence of the use and application
of by-laws and guidance notes in
waste management practice.
No guidance
notes/no use.
Elements of guidance
notes and by-laws is
incorporated
into
Kano
waste
management
strategies.
City council by-laws drafted,
reviewed and gazetted in timely
manner.
No
existing
by-laws
or
regulations
Main elements of
guidance notes
and
by-laws
incorporated into
work
plans,
educational
materials in each
pilot state.
By-laws
gazetted.
20 officials in
each pilot state
have completed
training and have
measurably
improved
knowledge and
skills.
Judicial and State
environmental
protection officials are
yet to be trained
Guidance notes drafted and adopted
in timely manner.
No. of judicial and state
environmental protection officials in
pilot sites with measurably improved
knowledge and skills.
By-laws drafted,
reviewed and
adopted. Yet to be
sent to Pilot State
EPA for
implementation and
gazetting.
Not Applicable for 2014. Achieved in 2013
No training in
UPOPs
minimizing
management
practice
or
enforcement
of
existing
environmental
pollution laws.
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
Cooperation from Stakeholders (Justice, Environment
and Health) facilitated adoption of by-laws in pilot states.
8
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
% of main actors in waste creation,
storage, transportation and dumping
who are familiar with IWM and
UPOPs reduction principles.
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Baseline
2014 Target
Approximatel
y
5-10%.
Baseline
in
two pilot sites
to
be
measured at
60-75% by end
of the project.
project
inception.
Output 1. Strengthened
capacity in UPOPs
minimizing MAW
management practice.
Training needs assessment
Training workshops on enforcement,
UPOPs reducing waste management
practice.
No
training
needs
assessment,
workshops or
materials
made
available
to
officials
at
state level.
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
About 50% of main
actors in waste
creation, storage,
transportation and
dumping are familiar
with UPOPs
reduction principles.
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
Project implementation activities thus far has greatly
created and increased awareness on waste management
issues in pilot states and other states within the federation
Not Applicable for 2014. Achieved in 2013.
Component 2. Reduction of UPOPs emissions through new practices/approaches in municipal waste handling.
5
Outcome 2.1. UPOPs
emissions reduced
through improved
sorting of municipal
waste.
Volume increase in waste sorted prior
to depositing in dumpsite.
0 tonnes/year.
Waste
is
largely
not
sorted and is
dumped in site
where burning
is the norm.
Specific incremental steps taken to
strengthen baseline IWM strategies
with UPOPs-specific priorities and
practices (BAT/BEP)
No UPOPsspecific
elements
included
in
baseline IWM
strategies.
At least 50% of
waste tonnage
collected in each
pilot site is
sorted
for
priority
nonrecyclable
materials in each
pilot city by end
of project.
Onitshsa
and
Kano strategies
revised/strengthe
ned w/respect to
UPOPs release
reductions and
formalized
9
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
Output 1. Introduction of
waste separation at
selected communities.
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Baseline
No. of dumpsites upgraded to
reduce/prevent burning;
Zero
No. of hectares of upgraded dumpsite
land where burning is impossible.
Zero
Number of residential estate and
commercial plazas and institutions
that sign on the separation
programme in pilot states
No
formal
waste
separation
programme
Level of increase in community
awareness.
Baseline TBD
at
project
inception
through local
surveys.
No
EPA,
WMA
or
block leaders
identified or
trained.
Number of State EPA, Waste
management authority and
community “block leaders” trained in
waste sorting.
2014 Target
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
sorting goals and
milestones.
- At least 10 by
1 dumpsite upgraded
end of project.
in each pilot state
Upgrading of
designated
dumpsite in the
8 LGA of Kano
and the 2 LGA
of Onitsha by
year 2 of project.
- At least 70
hectares by end
of project.
1
residential Training on sorting These activities were postponed due to delay in provision
estates,
some and waste separation of land in Awka for the compost plant, which is pivotal
commercial and to be conducted in for these activites.
government
October 2014 for the
institutions
in selected residence and Pilot site moved from Onitsha to Awka due to inability
Anambra state institutions.
of State Government to procure land for compost plant
with separation
construction in Onitsha.
programme in
place by year 4
of project
Community
Awareness creation
level awareness programme to be
of UPOPs in conducted in October
Awka increased 2014
30% by year 4.
Not Applicable. Training of EPA and WMA conducted in pilot states in 2012
10
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
No. of key stakeholders trained in
“train the trainer programme on
UPOPs reduction sorting”.
Citywide targets for sorting. % of city
offices participating in programme to
sort materials not a priority for
recycling.
6
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Indicator
Baseline
Stakeholders
not assessed or
formally
recognized or
trained.
No targets, not
milestones to
measure
success.
None of the
city offices or
departments
within
pilot
cities
participating.
0
neighbourhoo
ds
participating
in sorting or
composting.
Outcome 2.2. UPOPs
emissions reduced
through improved
composting.
No. of neighbourhoods with active
sorting and composting programmes
in the metropolitan local government
areas of pilot states.
Output 1. Establishment
of composting programme
and collection of
compostable waste at
communities in 2 pilot
cities.
Presence/absence of basic
infrastructure for composting
(collection, composting, bagging).
None present
No. of restaurants participating in
composting programme.
Zero.
2014 Target
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
Training conducted in 2012 for both pilot states.
No targets for
city offices to
participate
in
sorting
programme
None
Sorting
and
composting
programmes in 8
local
government
areas (LGA) of
Kano &2 LGA
of Onitsha by
end of year 4.
Collection and
composting
infrastructure in
place, bagging
of compost
underway end of
year 4.
No target.
Target achieved in
Kano. None yet in
Anambra
Basic infrastructure on
ground for collection,
composting
and
bagging of compost.
Implementation
to
commence by October
2014.
None
Funds are limited to spread programme to citywide level.
Offices and institutions within the participating
community are expected to participate in the programme.
Restaurant located within participating communities will
be expected to participate in the programme
11
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
7
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Baseline
Output 2. Develop market
for composted matter in
pilot areas.
Volume of compost sold to
commercial buyers.
Zero.
Outcome 2.3: Five
States participating in
federal IMSWM
programme replicate
best practices.
No. of states incorporating UPOPsspecific priorities into their IWM
strategies.
Zero
No. of states and cities adopting bylaws and guidance notes on UPOPs
reducing IWM practices.
2014 Target
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
At least 2 tonnes
quarter sold by
end of project.
At least 5 by end
of project.
None
Difficulty in finding market for compost in Kano.
Production of compost is yet to commence in Awka
4 states apart from
pilot states have been
equipped
to
incorporate UPOPs
specific priorities
4 States that have received training on best practices have
indicated interest in adopting the new UPOPs specific
by-laws. Implementation will be facilitated be the
various EPA with continuous reminders from PMU.
Zero
At least 5 by end
of project.
No. of city and State staff in non-pilot
areas trained in UPOPs-reducing
practices.
Zero
At least 100 by
end of project.
No. of BAT-BEP for UPOPs
reduction developed and circulated
for replication.
No BAT-BEP
developed in
Nigeria for
UPOPs.
At least 5 by end
of project.
4 states apart from
pilot states have been
equipped
to
incorporate UPOPs
specific priorities
177 staff of EPAs and
WMAs trained in 4
states apart from pilot
states
One
document
developed for all
interested states
PMU is awaiting input from 2 remaining states for
training Best practices.
Component 3. Reduction of UPOPs emissions from agricultural land clearing.
Outcome 3.1. Open
burning of stubble on
farm fields is reduced
through changes in
agricultural practices.
No. of hectares in which alternative
approaches to agricultural waste
(AW) burning at 2 pilot-sites in Kano
state have been introduced by
farmers.
Zero hectares.
Number of hectares of farmland
burned in a year.
-- Hectares of
cropland
stubble
burned/year.
By the end of the
project,
alternatives have
been introduced
in each pilot area
of Kano: 20 ha at
Danbatta, and 20
ha at Dogwa.
At least 10
farmers not
burning
cropland in
Target achieved in 2013
Target achieved in 2013
12
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Baseline
Baseline TBD
at project
inception.
Output 1. Clarification and
elaboration of UPOPs
challenges in the
agricultural sector with a
focus on Kano state.
Output 2. Increased level
of farmer and agriculture
officials awareness of the
impact of burning farm
fields, both from an
agronomic and UPOPs
perspective.
UPOPs agricultural (ag) burning data
refined for Kano State;
Respective area of lands per crop
determined.
No refined
data.
% of awareness among clearly
defined target groups of farmers and
agriculture officials.
Awareness
level TBD at
project
inception.
Few farmers
are aware of
UPOPs
releases
through
burning of
agricultural
land.
Innovative
approaches to
burning not
known.
No. of training workshops organized
for extension officers and farmers.
No. extension toolkit and No. training
manuals developed for extension
officers and farmers
2014 Target
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
Comments
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
preparation for
farming.
Hectares/year
burned
Increase of at
least 50% by end
of project.
Target achieved
Training
on
mixed farming
with integration
of tree crops,
food
and
livestock.
Target achieved. 32
farmers trained.
Peer to peer
training
by
participating
farmers for other
farmers
from
around Kano and
other States.
Target achieved. 94
agricultural extension
officers
from all
geopolitical
zones
trained.
Training
developed.
manual
13
Output Targets
for 2014
S/
n
* List the agency
result
Output 3. Alternative
approaches to stubble
burning at pilot sites in
Kano introduced and
rcplicated.
Progress towards achieving output
indicator targets
Indicator
* List indicator(s) in AWP
for measuring Output.
These are indicators gotten
from the UNDAP
# of additional farms replicating
alternative approaches to burning.
Baseline
Zero
2014 Target
Alternatives
replicated for at
least 20
additional farms
across Kano.
Comments
Current status
(as at Sept
2014)
This can include explanation on current
result and factors facilitating or
hindering level of result.
Target achieved.
S/n
V. Risk and Issue Log
Name of Activity with
Issues/Risks
1
Conduct local sensitization
campaign for by-laws and
policies
2
Summer
internship
programme for university
students to do field work
supervised
jointly
by
professors and SEPA staff in
project pilot sites.
Issues/Risks
Lack of interest from students to do field work at
Project sites.
Inability of higher institutions to follow Project
timelines in supervision of student’s field and
research work under different components of the
Project.
Poor collaboration/communication between
SEPA and schools
Required Action
Persons responsible
for implementing
action?
No sensitization will be conducted
PMU/NGO
No summer internship programme
conducted
PMU
Action Completion
time?
2014
14
S/n
Name of Activity with
Issues/Risks
At least 10 by end of project.
Upgrading of designated dumpsite in
the 8 LGA of Kano and the 2 LGA of
Onitsha by year 2 of project.
- At least 70 hectares by end of project
Issues/Risks
Required Action
Inability to upgrade required number of
dumpsites as quoted in the Project Document due
to lack insufficient funds allocation for that
purpose.
Upgrade one major dumpsite in each
pilot state
Persons responsible
for implementing
action?
Action Completion
time?
PMU/Contractor
S/n
VI. Fourth Quarter Work Plan
Activities planned for Q4
Project Activity
Conduct local sensitization campaign for
by-laws and policies
Publication of new by-laws
Training in 2 pilot States on improvement
of enforcement capacity with respect to
UPOPs regulations & by-laws
Summer internship programme for
university students to do field work
supervised jointly by professors and SEPA
staff in project pilot sites.
Study tour to pilot sites by other SEPA
staff around the country in waste sorting,
composting and fire suppression
Gender assessment of the project
Start
Month
November
End Month
November
Expected Result
Improved awareness on new laws regarding
UPOPs management
Strengthened capacity in UPOPs minimizing
Municipal & Agricultural Waste management
practice
Budget
24,000
5,000
112,000
November
November
October
December
40,000
December
December
Incorporate UPOPs specific priorities in other 60,000
states’ waste management strategy.
November
December
10,000
15
VII. Narrative:
[Use this space to highlight the key results that your project has achieved explaining how project
implementation has contributed to changes (outcomes); also include lessons learnt,
transformative issues around gender and any other information not captured above]
Technical by-laws and guidance notes adopted by pilot state EPA: By preparing guidance
documents on UPOPs management and updating the State’s waste management by-laws to
incorporate UPOPs specific issues, the Project has been able to provide a legal instrument upon
which enforcement will be based in pilot states. Other states have bought the idea and are planning
to update their by-laws for best practices in waste management. Involving relevant stakeholders in
the review processes has helped to promote acceptability of the new laws.
Conduct inventory of UPOPs sources and releases from open burning of MAW: Annual inventory
on UPOPs has provided a databank for UPOPs releases in Nigeria.
UPOPs emissions reduced by improved composting: Provision of waste receptacles and
sensitization on waste sorting has greatly facilitated composting and greatly reduced mixed wastes
and volume of waste at dumpsites.
Model dumpsite managed incrementally to reduce burning: Upgrade of dumpsite has improved
waste disposal through improved sorting and reduced litter around dumpsites.
Annexes:
Places visited, people interviewed and documents reviewed. Other supporting documents (reports,
pictures, etc) can be annexed.
16