Chapter One Review
Key
Vocabulary:
Ribosomes
Cell Wall
Lysosomes
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Organic Compound
Inorganic Compound
Selectively Permeable
Resolution
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Amino Acid
Protein
Magnification
Chromatin
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Carbohydrate
Lipids
Golgi Body
Chloroplast
Vacuoles
Compound
Molecule
Enzyme
Nucleic Acids
Fill in the blank:
1. An organic compound always contains carbon.
2. Organelles that use energy from sunlight to produce food are called chloroplasts.
3. The cell theory states that:
-all living things are composed of cells
-cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
-all cells are produced from other cells.
4. A microscope is an instrument that makes distant objects look larger.
5. Plant and animal cells are usually larger than bacteria cells.
6. In passive transport, materials move from a higher to a lower concentration through a cell
membrane.
7. Bacterial cells contain ribosomes, but none of the other organelles found in plant or animal
cells.
8. An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing.
9. The function of the cell wall is to protect and support the cell.
10. The vacuoles store food and other materials needed by the cell.
11. The invention of the microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about
cells.
12. Anton Von Leeuwenhock was the first scientist to observe bacteria.
13. Robert Hooke was one of the first scientists to observe cells.
14. A lens that is thicker in the center than at the edges is called a(n) convex lens.
True of False: Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, write the correct
answer on the blank.
True 15. The function of a cell membrane is to control which substances can enter and
leave the cell.
False 16. The Mitochondrion is the control center of the cell. Nucleus
False 17. The Golgi Bodies produce most of the energy needed by a cell. Mitochondria
True 18. The Ribosomes produce proteins in the cell.
False 19. Specialized cells are only found in single-celled organisms. Many-Celled Organisms
True 20. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids.
True 21. The sharpness of an image produced by a microscope is called resolution.
True 22. A microscope that has two or more lenses is called a compound microscope.
False 23. Starch is an example of a lipid. Carbohydrate
Short Answer:
24. What role did the microscope play in the development of the cell theory?
The microscope allowed scientists to discover and learn about cells. Over time as the
resolution and magnification of the microscope have improved, scientists have concluded all
living things are made of cells or a single cell.
25. Explain the difference between organic and inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds are compounds are compounds that contain the element carbon.
They are found in living or once-living things. Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not
contain carbon (some exceptions CO2 & CO). They are found in things that are not and never
were alive.
26. What is diffusion? What role does diffusion play in the cell?
Diffusion is the process by which molecule tend to move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion helps the cell take in the substances it
needs and get rid of those it does not.