Chapter 11
TRUE/FALSE.
Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
1. The source of most audio in the classroom is the teacher’s voice.
2. Talking books on audiotape are one of the most popular uses of audiotapes.
3. With different types of learning—audio, visual, tactile—new cognitive connections are
made, so the more ways in which a learner is exposed to the same material, the easier it is
to recall the information because of the multiple pathways.
4. MP3 audio compression technology offers high-quality sound with file sizes that are
much smaller than those in WAV format.
5. Proportion in a visual refers to the arrangement and balance of the elements.
6. Audio compression of Internet audio is a feature of DVD technology.
7. Visual, text, and affective elements are important but secondary elements to consider
in constructing a visual display.
8. If you want to insert a kinesthetic model into a lesson plan, you might consider using a
scale model of a human heart in a lesson on diet and cardiac health.
9. Placing die cuts and photos downloaded from computer programs on a thematic
bulletin board combines projected and nonprojected visuals.
10. Visuals that require projection are seen as a minor component in most classrooms.
11. The more interactive and multisensory a lesson is, the more likely it is that learning will occur.
12. During the first half of the twentieth century, digital technologies were followed by
audio and visual technologies as an enhancement to education.
13. Listening includes the ability to not only hear but also comprehend auditory stimulus.
14. The most commonly used traditional audio medium is the audiocassette tape.
15. Using multimedia in support of a lesson will help to build cognitive connections to
the content that is presented.
16. Talking books and multimedia kits share DVDs as their core audio medium.
17. A teacher who is interested in enriching a learning experience through multimedia
and active learning might encourage students to create and use multimedia kits.
18. In-school television production classes typically create video programs of daily
announcements and other school information by closed-circuit television.
19. An advantage of recorded audio is the student’s ability to control the pace at which he
or she can listen.
20. Broadcast audio offers little benefit for enriching classroom experience because of the
complexity of the technology necessary to receive it.
21. The advantages of using CD recording technology over more traditional technologies
is that CDs are very durable and inexpensive, even though they have very limited storage
capacity.
22. One of the major advantages of digital video technologies over analog video
technologies is the ease of manipulating and editing.
23. Internet-based audio is typically available in either WAV or MP3 format.
24. Listening is a three-part activity that involves hearing, comprehending, and feedback.
25. For a visual to be effective in communicating its message, it should contain the three
main visual elements: text, graphics, and affective elements.
26. Transparencies are typically used with a computer display device to share content
during large-group instruction.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
1. Which is the correct order of the steps involved in hearing an auditory message?
A) 1, turn stimulus into neural pulses and process it; 2, hear auditory stimulus; and 3,
make cognitive connections.
B) 1, hear auditory stimulus; 2, turn stimulus into neural pulses and process it; and 3,
make cognitive connections.
C) 1, make cognitive connections; 2, hear auditory stimulus; and 3, turn stimulus into
neural pulses and process it.
D) None of these.
2. Which of the following is NOT a method for recording or playing audio material?
A) DVD.
B) E-books.
C) Cassette recorder.
D) MP3 player.
E) All of these will work.
3. Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary categories of design elements?
A) Visual.
B) Text.
C) Affective.
D) Color.
4. Visuals that do not require projection to display them are
A) three-dimensional objects.
B) virtual reality.
C) nonprojected visuals.
D) low-tech visuals.
E) less common than projected visuals.
5. Dioramas, classroom displays, and other touchables are in the category of
A) graphics.
B) print materials.
C) exhibits.
D) models.
E) bulletin boards.
6. An inexpensive board that uses friction to display visual elements is known as
A) a green board.
B) a felt board.
C) a flannel board.
D) a cloth board.
E) an opaque projection.
7. Students who have difficulty following oral instruction find it helpful if the teacher
uses
A) audio media.
B) traditional audio.
C) a faster speaking speed.
D) simple speech repetition.
8. CD-ROMs and DVDs are referred to as
A) streaming media.
B) analog media.
C) graphics media.
D) optical media.
9. WAV and MP3 files are examples of
A) PDF files.
B) visual Internet files.
C) GIF files.
D) audio files.
10. Real displays that represent a scene generally created within a cardboard box and
relevant to an instructional topic are
A) mobiles.
B) dioramas.
C) models.
D) learning boxes.
11. In making a transparency with an ink jet printer, the transparency should
A) be slick on both sides.
B) have a porous side.
C) be heat resistant.
D) be thicker than a laser-printer transparency.
12. Mounted on a stand, a video camera that photographs and projects as live video
images and documents placed on its documents table is
A) a coolpix camera.
B) an LCD projector.
C) a document camera.
D) a digital camera.
13. Which of the following should you always try to have in any visuals that you create?
A) Coherence.
B) Consistency.
C) Relevance.
D) Uniformity.
E) A, B, and C.
14. With the advent of digital technologies,
A) audio and video support technologies were no longer considered valid media.
B) digital audio and video technologies joined more traditional technologies as supports
for instruction.
C) research proved that nondigital technologies were less effective in instructional
support.
D) tradition audio and video technologies were eliminated from classrooms.
15. All of the following are true for cablecast video use in educational centers except that it
A) is always free to schools.
B) contains many diverse instructional programs.
C) may carry both standard commercial and educational television.
D) may use the classroom’s CCTV monitors already present in the school.
16. An advantage of digital video over analog in the classroom is the
A) ability to edit, annotate, and display video clips.
B) ease of rewinding and replaying.
C) use of sound as well as images.
D) interactivity and student input.
17. In converting analog video to the digital form, each frame must be converted to its
digital counterpart. The sequence of digitized frames is a
A) digital cassette.
B) compact disc.
C) floppy disk.
D) digital video clip.
18. Internet meetings are made possible by
A) digital video editing and video compression software.
B) a monitor-top video camera and video compression software.
C) video cards and digital video editing software.
D) a classroom video camera and video cards.
19. To keep students on task while viewing a video, it is important to provide them with a
A) summary of the video.
B) study guide.
C) copy of the video to take home.
D) pretest over the topic.
20. Digital video compression is important to using video over the Internet because
A) it makes download of large video files faster.
B) it does not require software.
C) it saves audio with the video.
D) it creates clearer images.
21. The most popular video compression formats are
A) DOC and MP3.
B) AVI and MPEG.
C) XLS and DAT.
D) BMP and GIF.
22. Before including students in a video, the teacher should
A) let them know how to dress.
B) take a series of stills to see whether they are photogenic.
C) have them storyboard their roles.
D) get written permission from their parents.
23. An advantage of video for instruction includes
A) wireless narrowcasts between schools in a district.
B) free digital cable services to all schools.
C) slow-motion and time-lapse perspectives of events.
D) inexpensive recording media and readily available digital video recorders.
24. Video study guides are useful tools with video instruction because they
A) encourage discovery learning.
B) engage the learner in an active experience that is related to the video.
C) offer opportunities for social learning.
D) offer multisensory instruction.
25. Whenever you include your students in a video, you should
A) include their names on the video cover.
B) let students review and approve their images.
C) be sure to include multiple views of each student.
D) get parental permission in writing.
26. The digital equivalent to the traditional overhead projector for the display of
nonmoving images is the
A) document camera.
B) CD ROM.
C) DVD player.
D) e-book.
27. An effective classroom application of audio cassette tape would be to
A) develop a visual timeline of historical events.
B) chart differences and analysis of a science experiment.
C) interact with national experts in science and math.
D) capture and use oral histories for a social studies activity.
28. The process of giving full attention to an auditory stimulus that is an essential step in
learning is called
A) focused listening.
B) neurological linking.
C) auditory relating.
D) stimulated hearing.
29. To help children build listening skills, teachers can
A) maintain a very quiet and orderly classroom atmosphere.
B) emphasize concentration and attention, restate the message, and clarify through
questions.
C) encourage independent discovery learning.
D) provide multiple opportunities to work in cooperative learning groups for research.
30. The document camera is uniquely useful in the classroom because it can
A) show photographic slides.
B) display computer images and play digital sound.
C) project opaque documents and 3-D objects.
D) display transparencies.
31. When creating effective transparencies for classroom use, a teacher should
A) follow the Rule of Seven: no more than seven words and images per transparency.
B) eliminate unnecessary text detail to keep the message clear and concise.
C) include multiple types of fonts and multiple graphics to add interest.
D) use only black-and-white for maximum contrast and visibility.
Chapter 12
TRUE/FALSE.
Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
1. The earliest distance delivery instruction was offered as correspondence courses
carried out by “snail mail.”
2. Impromptu changes in the instructional plan of distance education courses are no
different from those in traditional course offerings.
3. Distance education courses are easy to implement because the only problem that has to
be anticipated is the breakdown of technical support systems.
4. Asynchronous distance education means that students can participate at different times
as long as the site at which the instruction is received remains the same.
5. The phone bridge is a basic type of conference system that allows participants to
communicate by calling from individual phones to a common number.
6. Multiple users can log into and communicate within the same virtual space with
Internet chat programs.
7. The fax is a technology that can be adapted for asynchronous delivery.
8. Synchronous delivery refers to instruction that occurs during the same time but may be
at the same or different places.
9. The sense of isolation that students feel in distance education courses can be overcome
by including technologies that allow for peer-to-peer interaction.
10. The term “alternative learning” refers to the adaptation of distance education
strategies and media to support other classroom models.
11. Student readiness for independent learning is one of the key indicators of student
success in a distance education environment.
12. Three technologies that support synchronous delivery of instruction are compressed
video, chats, and the phone bridge.
13. A common thread in distance education programs is the concept of moving ideas
instead of people to achieve instructional goals.
14. Distance education can be defined as the use of technology to deliver instruction in
the classroom.
15. In a distance education format, the teacher and student may be working in different
locations and/or at different times.
16. In distance education, technology is often the key to providing a format for academic
communication and exchange.
17. Today, the primary role of distance education is to deliver instruction to students in
remote rural locations.
18. A disadvantage of distance education technologies is that they provide a platform for
one-to-one communication only, thus eliminating peer interaction.
19. One advantage of distance delivery for K–12 teachers is the ability to take courses
with greater flexibility to renew teacher licenses.
20. Virtual high schools are an application of distance education that expand the
statewide opportunities for taking high school classes.
21. Distance delivery and alternative delivery share the characteristic of being simple to
plan and execute.
22. Instructional designs for distance delivery often involve a strategic approach because
long-term instructional scenarios must be considered and planned for.
23. The steps in an instructional design model such as the DID model are significantly
altered for a distance education format.
24. In preparing students for distance delivery, it is important to prepare them to work
independently and in an organized manner.
25. Backup systems are important to include in a distance education design because
teachers and students need to be prepared for technological and delivery failures.
26. In distance delivery, feedback systems are not as critical as they are in traditional
delivery.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
1. E-mail makes it possible to communicate well with students in all of the following
ways except:
A) with extended attachments.
B) by audio.
C) privately.
D) synchronously.
2. Often referred to as virtual bulletin boards are
A) electronic mail messages.
B) phone bridges.
C) video conferences.
D) electronic discussions.
3. Asynchronous technologies cannot provide
A) video, voice, or data.
B) interactivity.
C) continual instruction and redirection.
D) multilocation delivery.
4. Technical support, while important for all technology-driven instruction, is most
critical for
A) conference calls.
B) Internet chats.
C) phone mail.
D) distance education.
5. Distance education was originally offered through
A) Internet classrooms.
B) compressed video.
C) correspondence courses.
D) tutorial sessions.
6. You are the principal of the only high school in a large metropolitan school district that
has a teacher of Japanese. The other schools want to add Japanese to their course
offerings. What is the best and most practical solution to the problem?
A) Repurpose the class for electronic distance delivery.
B) Bus their students to your school, and hold classes after school.
C) Offer the classes as correspondence courses.
D) Give your teacher a reduced teaching load, and send him or her to the other schools to
help out.
7. For distance education, the steps in the DID process
A) stay the same.
B) are modified.
C) do not work.
D) change.
8, Lesson plans for distance education are written
A) by the teacher, for the students.
B) by the students, for the teacher.
C) by the teacher, for the teacher.
D) by the students, for the students.
9, To be successful in distance education courses, students need to be all of the following except
A) hardware and software technology experts.
B) screened for compatibility between learning styles and distance education.
C) independent learners.
D) prepared to work in an independent environment.
10. One of the greatest challenges in distance education is
A) finding synchronous technologies to support instruction.
B) finding asynchronous technologies to support instruction.
C) arranging for examinations.
D) maintaining feedback.
11. One of the key issues for teachers who are preparing a course to teach at a distance is
A) support.
B) time management.
C) finding appropriate resources.
D) creating activities.
12. The types of support that are critical for distance students include
A) student life.
B) graduation review.
C) technical support.
D) general advisement.
13. Interaction between student and teacher as well as peer-to-peer interaction is
A) enhanced by technology.
B) impossible to do via technology.
C) of limited usefulness for distance education.
D) not necessary in distance learning.
14. In K–12, distance education can best be used to
A) allow for faculty conferences.
B) matriculate students from high school to college.
C) expand course offerings across a district.
D) monitor students at various schools.
15. In distance delivery, synchronous instruction is instruction that occurs at
A) similar places and at times that are within two hours of each other.
B) different places but in similar time frames.
C) different times regardless of the place.
D) the same time regardless of the place.
16. In using a compressed video classroom for distance delivery, it is important to
A) be sure everyone has his or her own computer to use for interaction in the classroom.
B) use inexpensive phone lines so that costs are minimized.
C) secure high-speed, broad-bandwidth lines for clear communication.
D) record lectures in advance for time-shifted delivery.
17. Asynchronous interaction in distance education can be supported by
A) live cams and conferences.
B) electronic discussions, class web sites, and e-mail.
C) e-mail, voice mail, and chat rooms.
D) telephony and compressed video.
18. One of the key issues in implementing distance and alternative delivery systems is
A) the need for extended technical and instructional support.
B) compensation for decreased work loads.
C) the reduction of required preparation and management time.
D) institutional policies related to network security.
19. For most K–12 districts,
A) teachers would have few reasons to support distance delivery.
B) technological readiness for distance education is unlikely in the next 50 years.
C) distance delivery is not likely to have benefits.
D) distance education offers a technology-enhanced solution to increasing course
offerings across the district.
20. Instructional planning is even more critical in distance delivery because
A) flexible interaction is not relevant in distance education.
B) it is difficult to make and disseminate changes to the planned curriculum.
C) assessment instruments are difficult to create or change.
D) preapproved plans typically cannot be altered by administration.
21. The historical development of distance education includes the evolution from
A) correspondence courses to interactive digital environments.
B) audio- and video-based courses to those delivered via mail.
C) digital technologies to television.
D) radio to the Chautauqua movement.
Chapter 13
TRUE/FALSE.
Write “T” if the statement is true and “F” if the statement is false.
1. The digital divide refers to legal issues involving the ownership of web site content.
2. Teachers may post photos of students on a class web page as long as the children are not
identified.
3. One of the major goals of an acceptable use policy is to keep students from visiting
salacious and inappropriate web sites.
4. AI stands for “artificial intelligence.”
5. A wiki site is a web site on which content is written collaboratively.
6. Wikipedia is a password-protected online encyclopedia that schools can join for a
nominal fee.
7. Because students are minors, they do not have a legal right to privacy.
8. The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act requires web site operators to obtain
parental permission before collecting personal data from children.
9. As the Digital Age unfolds, using a computer will become as essential a skill as
reading.
10. With the many coming technological changes in education, teachers will become
obsolete.
11. The doctrine of fair use protects the rights of the owner of intellectual property.
12. Filtering software serves to protect the school network from viruses.
13. Software piracy is a violation of copyright laws.
14. The digital divide occurs along socioeconomic lines alone.
15. Within the digital divide, there is a significant gender gap that results in females not
being encouraged to engage in technology-related activities as often as their male
counterparts are.
16. To protect freedom of information, the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA)
requires that libraries not filter or censor the Internet.
17. “Wiki” is an adaptation of the Hawaiian term for “connected.”
18. In a traditional network, the files that are to be shared are typically stored on a
network server’s hard drive, which in turn is made accessible to others on the network or the Internet.
19. The Americans with Disabilities Act requires that laptops be provided to students
with disabilities to provide them with easier access to electronic information.
20. Sharing music through peer-to-peer networking is legal, because someone originally
paid for that MP3 and therefore owns it and can distribute copies.
21. Over time, the computer is becoming an essential appliance that future generations
will not be able to imagine living without.
22. Most school districts have established formal acceptable use policies that teachers are expected to
know and follow.
23. Antiplagiarism software compares a student’s work with well-known authors’ works
and with work posted on the Web to detect academic dishonesty.
24. Bluetooth technology allows diverse types of electronic equipment to communicate
with each other.
25. Technology will play an increasingly important role in K–12 education.
26. Acceptable use policies typically describe a code of ethics for academic use of a
school’s technology resources.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
1. The rights of the owner of intellectual property are protected by
A) acceptable use.
B) fair use.
C) codes of ethics.
D) copyright.
2. Circumstances under which a teacher can use copyrighted materials in face-to-face
instruction are
A) copyright laws.
B) acceptable use policies.
C) codes of ethics.
D) fair use guidelines.
3. Filtering software serves to
A) allow students only to access purely educational sites.
B) block unacceptable sites so that students cannot access them.
C) prevent students from posting inappropriate materials both at home and at school.
D) all of the above
4. Copying software to share with others or installing software on multiple machines
when only one copy was purchased is
A) a copyright violation.
B) software piracy.
C) networking.
D) A and B.
5. Which of the following is a true statement concerning the digital divide?
A) Children in wealthier households are more likely to have a computer in the home and
therefore have a head start on achieving computer literacy.
B) Schools and libraries in disadvantaged neighborhoods are less likely to have
technology available.
C) Boys are more encouraged to engage in technology-related activities than girls are.
D) All of the above.
6. To address the digital divide, the Federal Communications Commission established a
discounted cost for telecommunications service for community access centers known as
A) the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
B) digital equality.
C) the e-rate.
D) the Public Broadcasting System.
7. Whose responsibility is it to provide “digital safety” to students?
A) Individual school systems.
B) Internet service providers.
C) The federal government.
D) The state government.
8. When computers are connected to each other through a server without the use of
cables, it is called
A) wireless networking.
B) a virtual environment.
C) A and B.
D) none of these.
9. Cyberbullying does not take place using what device or means?
A) Cell phone.
B) M3 player.
C) Internet.
D) Computer.
10. An example of an emerging technology that is still in its infancy is
A) the Internet.
B) wearable computers.
C) Bluetooth.
D) PDAs.
11. Antiplagiarism software helps teachers to catch academic dishonesty by comparing
students’ work with
A) teachers’ handouts.
B) other students’ work.
C) students’ previous work.
D) authors’ work.
12. Because of the societal shift toward technology,
A) NETS standards limit time spent teaching basic skills in favor of teaching technology.
B) teachers could be replaced by computers.
C) schools are likely to become more centralized.
D) computer literacy will be as essential a skill as reading.
13. Virtual environments can
A) provide realistic tutorial software.
B) help teachers to author realistic software.
C) provide a multisensory learning experience.
D) offer realistic drill-and-practice.
14. An ethical issue arising from the digital age is
A) the e-rate.
B) the cost of computers.
C) personal privacy.
D) software compatibility.
15. When a teacher protects his or her network password and makes an effort to be sure
that no student work is accessible on public classroom machines, the teacher is assuring
A) student privacy.
B) acceptable use.
C) piracy protection.
D) fair use.
16. Convergence will benefit schools by
A) offering more software.
B) limiting costs to fewer technologies and related training.
C) making wireless networks possible.
D) bridging the digital divide.
17. A teacher’s role in promoting acceptable use of technology is to
A) arrange access so that all students have equal time on computers.
B) instruct students about the school’s policies and enforce them as necessary.
C) install spyware on all computers in the classroom.
D) ensure that no student names or personal information is digitally available.
18. The practice of teens sending text messages with nude images of themselves is called
A) tweeting.
B) sexting.
C) texting.
D) friending.
19. The district policies that protect students from accessing unacceptable resources on
the web are known as
A) privacy policies.
B) virtual access policies.
C) acceptable use policies.
D) fair use policies.
20. In the digital age, instruction is likely to become less centralized because
A) teaching and learning will be a function more of computers than of people.
B) technology will allow educators to redefine the classroom and use virtual space as
well as physical space for instruction.
C) teachers will be replaced by more efficient computers across a district.
D) digital literacy and high-speed networks will provide access from more locations.
21. Three of the key legal issues related to the digital age are
A) emerging technologies, planning, and fair use.
B) convergence, dishonesty, and control.
C) the digital divide, freedom of speech, and equity access.
D) piracy, copyright, and acceptable use.
22. In strategic planning, the first step is to
A) disseminate the plan.
B) determine goals and objectives.
C) analyze and describe the setting.
D) complete a pre-evaluation.
23. Parents must give permission for teachers to
A) publicly display student work or images.
B) allow students on a network.
C) let students use software.
D) use search engines.
24. In strategic planning, goals differ from objectives in that
A) goals detail strategies, while objectives explain evaluation methods.
B) goals set a plan in a given direction, while objectives describe what must happen to
achieve goals.
C) goals are narrower in focus, while objectives embrace the SWOT analysis.
D) goals are described at the beginning of a plan, while stating objectives is the
culminating step.