WHATSAPP SOUND CLIPS PROJECT
16.MAY.2014 FRIDAY
1. Lumbar plexus, upper component of lumbosacral plexus @ the posterior abdominal wall anterior to the
lumbar transverse processes and around the psoas major muscle
2. Lumbar plexus first 4 lumbar spinal nerves anterior rami + a contribution up (T12-subcostal)+ a
contribution down (L5)
3. L4 + L5 anterior rami= Lumbosacral trunk
4. Femoral nerve exists from the lateral side of psoas major, innervates iliacus , then passes under inguinal
ligament and innervates anterior thigh muscles
5. Obutator nerve exists from the medial side of psoas major,passes through the obturator canal and
innervates muscles in the medial thigh
6. Two main nerves of the lumbar plexus femoral and obturator nerves are formed by the L2-L4 anterior
rami
17.MAY.2014 SATURDAY
7. Lumbosacral trunk (L4, L5) is a branch of the lumbar plexus , but passing over the ala of sacrum goes
down in the pelvis and contributes to formation of the sacral plexus
8. Both ilio “iliohypogastric” ve “ilioinguinal” from L1, over/anterior to quadratus lumborum , superior to
iliac crest, innervated abdominal muscles and also skin over the inguinal ve pubic regions
9. Genitofemoral L1-2 pierces psoas major, lateral to common ve external iliac arteries into femoral and
genital branches
10. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2, L3), over iliacus, medial to ASIS passes under the inguinal
ligament, skin over the anterolateral thigh
11. L1 upper branch (ilios), lower branch (genitofemoral) L2,3 and 4 ventral and dorsal branches: from
here femoral and obturator nerves
12. Femoral nerve iliacus, pectineus and flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee: anterior thigh nerve
of quadriceps femoris and sartorius
13. Femoral nerve skin innervastion: anterior and lateral thigh, medial leg and foot
14. Femoral nerve enters the inguinal ligament midpoint @ ASIS and pubic tubercle, fingerbreadth lateral
to the femoral pulse (artery))
15. Saphaneous nerve the biggest cutaneous branch of femoral nerve. Enters the adductor canal.
Saphaneous skin nerve of leg and foot medial side
16. Obturator nerve external oblique, thigh adductor muscles, pectineus (some), adductor longus
,magnus, brevis and gracilis and skin over superior medial thigh
17. Sacral plexus S1-S4 anterior rami+ Lumbosacral trunk (L4 and 5). Lumbosacral trunk is shared by the
two plexuses
18. Sacral plexus @ pelvis posterolateral wall related to anterior aspect of the piriformis, in the lesser
pelvis, main two nerves sciatic and pudendal nerves external to parietal pelvic fascia
19. Most branches of the sacral plexus leave the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen. Some not only
through here but also through the lesser sciatic foramen.
20. Sacral spinal nerves of the plexus pass out of the anterior sacral foramina and course laterally and
inferiorly on the pelvic wall.
21. L4 ant. ramus some and full L5 ant. rami=lumbosacral goes vertically from abdomenden to pelvic cavity
passing just anterior to sacroiliac joint
22. Each ramus has ventral and dorsal divisons. Peripheric nerves are formed by the union of ventral or
dorsal divisions. S4 ant. ramus has only ventral divison
23. Sacral plexus branches sciatic, gluteal nerves, pudendal nerve: related to perineum. For most greater
sciatic foramen is the gateway into pelvis from the gluteal region. Some stay in pelvis and innervate
muscles there
24. Two nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen+ pass also through the lesser sciatic forman
medially and enter perineum and lateral pelvic wall: the nerve to obturator internus and pudendal nerve
ASIS: Anterior superior iliac spine
VAN: Under the inguinal ligament in the femoral triangle from medial to lateral the order: Femoral vein, artery,
nerve
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25. Sup. ve inf. gluetal nerves innervate gluteal region, pudendal nerve perineum, sciatic nerve thigh
26. Sciatic nerve largest peripheral nerve.SCIA=L4-S3 combine anterior to piriformis and its lower border.
Passes under piriformis and through the greater sciatic foramenden into the gluteal region; the most
lateral structure in this foramen
27. Sciatic nerve passes through the plane between superficial and deep gluteal muscles and innervates
posterior thigh, entire leg and foot muscles. Besides the joints of all joints of the lower limb
28. Sciatic nerve passes to the thigh under gluteus maximus midway between ischial tuberosity and greater
trochanter. Innervates nothing @ gluteal region .Sensory information: foot and lateral leg
29. Sciatic nerve divides into two branches in the thgih: common fibular (common peroneal) and tibial
nerves .L4-S2 dorsal divisions make the common fibular nerve , whereas L4-S3 ventral divisions carried by
the tibial part
30. Tibial nerve & common fibular nerve loosely bound together in the same connective tissue sheath.
They usually separate in the distal thigh; but sometimes as they leave the pelvis
31. Pudendal nerve S2-S4 main nerve of perineum, chief sensory nerve of external genital region. Most
medial nerve @ greater sciatic foramen
32. Other branches of sacral plexus into gluteal region, pelvic wall & pelvic floor: superior and inferior
gluteal nerves, nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus
32. Also belonging to sacral plexus: nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus, nerve to piriformis,
nerves to levator ani
33. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh: branch of sacral plexus getting skin sensory information from the
inferior gluteal region, posterior thigh, and upper leg. The nerve that gets the largest area of sensory
information in the body
34. Perforating cutaneous nerve of thigh: other branch of sacral plexus. Its feaure: not through sciatic
foramina but passes through (by piercing),sacrotuberous ligament. Nerve of the skin over the medial
aspect of gluteus maximus
35. And pelvic splanchnic nerves exit from sacral plexus’s S2-S4 spinal nerves. Carry parasympathetic
fibers. Other than in the brain, the parasympathetic system @ this level
36. The small coccygeal plexus: a little contribution from S4, mainly S5 & Co (coccyeal nerve) anterior rami.
Innervates anal triangle @ lower part of perineum
37. Gluteal bölge gövde ve serbest alt eksremite arası geçiş yeri. Pelvis kemiği posterolateralinde ve
femur’un üstteki proximal ucunda yer alır (20 sözcük)
38. Gluteal bölge kasları genellikle femur’a pelvik kemiğe göre abduksiyon, ekstensiyon ve lateral rotasyon
yaptırırlar (14 sözcük)
39. Gluteal bölge ön ve içte greater sciatic foramenle pelvik boşlukla, lesser sciatic formanle de perineumla
iletişim halinde (17 sözcük)
40. Gluteal bölgede: iki yer belirgin arka kısım buttock, ve lateralde kalça eklemi ve greater trochanter
üzerinde yer alan daha az belirgin hip bölgesi (regio coxae) (25 sözcük)
41. Gluteal region is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest, medially by the intergluteal cleft, and inferiorly
by the gluteal fold (L. sulcus glutealis), laterally by a line joining anterior superior iliac spine and greater
troachanter.
42. Gluteal region:superficial fascia full of fat, deep fascia continuous below with the deep fascia, or fascia
lata of the thigh
43. Iliotibial tract: fascia lata thickening on the lateral side of thigh. Iliotibial tract between tubercle of iliac
crest and lateral condyle of tibia. Greater part of gluteus maximus attaches on iliotibial tract
44. Iliotibial tract stabilizes the knee both in extension and in partial flexion, used constantly during walking
and running.
45. Superficial gluteal group of larger muscles: 3. Starting with gluteus (maximus, medius and minimus).
Mainly abduct and extend the hip. Hip and thigh work together just like shoulder and arm
46. Deep gluteal muscles: Lateral rotation of thigh at the hip joint. Piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus
superior, gemellus inferior, and quadratus femoris (obturator externus @ medial thigh)
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47. Another gluteal muscle: tensor fasciae latae stabilizes the knee in extension by acting on iliotibial tract
48. Many of the important nerves in the gluteal region are in the plane between the superficial and deep
groups of muscles
49. Gluteus maximus: largest muscle in the body, superficial in the gluteal region, poweful extensor of
flexed thigh at the hip joint. via iliotibial tract, stabilizes the knee and hip joints.
50. Gluteus maximus laterally rotates and abducts thigh; steadies thigh and assists in rising from sitting
position Nerve: Inferior gluteal nerve
51. Gluteus medius & minimus: abduct and medially rotate thigh, keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is
weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase. Nerve: Superior gluteal
nerve. Also nerve of tensor fascia lataee.
52. Piriformis: most superior of deep gluteal muscles. Lateral rotation and abduction of thigh, L5-S2 nerve
to piriformis. A landmark muscle
53. Nerve to quadratus femoris: Unlike others lies anterior to the plane of deep gluteal muscles. Nerve of
Quadratus femoris and inf. gemellus muscle up
54. Nerve to obturator internus: Nerve of obturator internus of course and of superior gemellus up. Passes
through lesser sciatic foramen.
55. Superior and inferior gluteal arteries branches of internal iliac artery. The gluteal veins are tributaries of
the internal iliac veins that drain blood from the gluteal region
19.MAY.2014 MONDAY
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