Name:______________________________
Unit 5 Study Guide: DNA
DNA structure and replication:
Use the diagram to answer the questions 1 through 8.
1. Circle one nucleotide (monomer) in the diagram below.
2. How many nucleotides are in this molecule?
3. What is the name of this molecule? How do you know?
4. Add appropriate letters in the spaces for the nitrogen
bases. Make certain the complementary pairs match.
5. What is the monomer of this molecule?
6. What is the function of this molecule?
7. What type of bonds exists between the nitrogen bases?
8. Label a phosphate, sugar, and a base on the diagram.
9. Where would this molecule be located within a eukaryotic cell?
10. A DNA strand has the following bases: TACCGTGACTGGTAC What would be the sequence of
bases on the complementary DNA strand?
11. Describe how DNA is replicated. You may use a diagram to aid in your description. Include an
explanation of why DNA replication is considered semiconservative.
12.
Complete the following chart:
Type of
Nucleic
Acid
Official Name
Single or
Double
Stranded
Function
Locations it can
be found in a
eukaryotic cell
What are its
nitrogenous
bases?
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
13. Complete the chart to compare DNA and RNA.
Characteristic
DNA ONLY
double stranded
single stranded
contains nucleotide - A
contains nucleotide - T
contains nucleotide - C
contains nucleotide - G
contains nucleotide - U
only in the nucleus of eukaryotes
can enter & leave the nucleus of eukaryotes
transports amino acids to the ribosome
carries the DNA code to the ribosome
Transcription/translation:
14. Explain the process of transcription:
15. Where does mRNA take the DNA code after it is transcribed?
16. Examine the chart to the right:
17. What is the mRNA sequence that codes for
phenylalanine?
18. What would be the DNA sequence that codes
for phenylalanine?
RNA ONLY
BOTH DNA &
RNA
19. Use the chart above & your knowledge to complete the table.
DNA Codon
mRNA codon
tRNA anti-codon
Amino Acid
phenylalanine
AAA
GCT
UUU
20. What is a codon? Where is it located (mRNA or tRNA)?
21. Explain what occurs during “translation.”
22. In what part of the eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell does translation take place?
23. What is the function of tRNA?
24. What type of molecule results from translation? (give 2 possible names for the resulting molecule)
26. What is an “anti-codon”?
27. Use the following diagram to answer the questions below:
A. What is the structure labeled “X”? Give 2 reasons why you know this is true.
B. Glycine is what type of molecule?
C. Circle and label a tRNA molecule.
D. Circle and label an amino acid molecule.
E. Draw a box around and label a tRNA anti-codon.
F. Draw a box around and label an mRNA codon.
35. Place the following events in the correct order.
CORRECT
SEQUENCE
BY NUMBER
CONCEPT DESCRIPTION
resulting proteins have a 3-D shape
mRNA leaves the nucleus & takes the transcribed code to the ribosome
amino acids are linked into polypeptides by peptide bonds
each particular protein has a particular function and/or codes for a particular
trait
mRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus
proteins determine an organism’s traits
tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome
Mutations:
37. List the types of mutations that can occur in DNA coding.
38. Label the following mutations with the correct name.
TYPE OF MUTATION
EXAMPLE
A
A
A
A
A
A
T
T
T
T
T
T
C
T
C
G
C
C
G
G
G
T
G
A
T
T
T
A
T
G
A
A
A
A
T A
44. Fill in the blanks suing these words: variability – natural selection - lethal
 All mutations are not ___________________. In fact, mutations give genetic
________________________ which allows organisms with that mutation to better survive in
unfavorable conditions. Mutations help drive the process of ______________________
__________________________.
Cell specialization:
45. Do all cells (except sperm and eggs) have the same DNA?
46. How do cells become muscle cells, nerve cells, skin cells, etc.?
48. List 3 specialized plant cells and 3 specialized animal cells. What are their functions(special
jobs)?