Bibliography (n.d.). Retrieved 10 21, 2011, from abc teach: http://abcteach.com/free/s/science_scientificmethod_upperelem.pdf (n.d.). Retrieved 10 18, 2011, from art of teaching: http://artofteachingscience.org/mos/2.5.html (n.d.). Retrieved 09 26, 2011, from How not to plagiarize: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/ (n.d.). Retrieved 09 30, 2011, from science daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080724192258.htm (n.d.). Retrieved 10 08, 2011, from Wikipedia: www.wikipedia.com (n.d.). Retrieved 11 01, 2011, from Malformations: http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/facultysites/pieter/research.htm Anderson, D. S. (2011, 10 05). Educational Psychology. Retrieved 10 05, 2011, from Bemidji State University: https://bemidjistate.ims.mnscu.edu/d2l/lms/content/viewer/main_frame.d2l?ou=1 430744&tId=12239786 Blaustein, A. E. (2003). Explaining frog deformities. American Science, 60-65. Blaustein, A. E. (2011). The complexity of amphibian declines: understanding the role of cofactors in driving amphibian losses. Annals of the New york Academy of Sciences, 108-119. Bowerman, J. E. (2010). Sublethal predators and their injured prey: linking aquatic predators and severe limb abnormalities in amphibians . Ecology , 242-251. Bridges, C. E. (2004). Assessing the toxicity and teratogenicity of pond water in northcentral Minnesota to amphibians. Environmental Science Pollutant Research, 233-239. Burkhart, J. E. (1998). Induction of mortality and malformation in Xenopus laevis embryos by water sources associated with field frog deformities. Environmental Health Perspective, 841-848. Davidson, C. E. (2001). Declines of the California red-legged frog: climate, UV-B, habitat, and pesticides hypotheses. . Applied Ecology, 464-479. Degitz, S. E. (2003). Comparing the effects of stage and duration of retinoic acid exposure on amphibian limb development: chronic exposure results in mortality, not limb malformations. Toxicological Science, 139-146. Fair test. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 03, 2011, from Science Buddies: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fairprojects/project_experiment_fair_test.shtml Gleason, F. E. (2010). Blastocladian parasites of invertebrates. Fungal Biology Reviews , 56-67. Goodman, B. E. (2011). Ecomorphology and disease: understanding the cryptic effects of parasitism on host habitat use, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance. . Ecology, 542-548. Issues. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 13, 2011, from Education World: http://www.educationworld.com/a_issues/issues002.shtml Johnson, P. E. (1999). . The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship. . Science, 802-804. Johnson, P. E. (2001). Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda: Digenea) infection induces severe limb malformations in western toads (Bufo boreas). . Canadian Journal of Zoology, 370-379. Johnson, P. E. (2002). Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States. . Ecological Monographs, 151-168. Johnson, P. E. (2011). Critical windows of disease risk: amphibian pathology driven by developmental changes in host resistance and tolerance. . Functional Ecology, 726-734. Johnson, P. e. (n.d.). Species diversity reduces parasite infection through crossgenerational effects on host density. . Ecology. Kruger-Higby, L. E. (2010). Spatial and temporal patterns of an epizootic of ulcerative disease in crayfish (Orconectes propinquus) linked to Saprolegnia australis in Big Muskellunge Lake, Wisconsin . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 57-66. Lafferty, K. E. (2008). Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links. . Ecology Letters, 533-546. Locke, S. E. (n.d.). Linking larvae and adults of Apharyngostrigea cornu, Hysteromorpha triloba and Alaria mustelae (Diplostomoidea, Digenea) using molecular data. . Journal of Parasitology. Lunde, K. (n.d.). A practical guide to the study of amphibian malformations and their causes. Journal of Herpetology. Mizgireuv, I. E. (1984). Dysplastic lesions and abnormalities in amphibians associated with environmental conditions. . Neoplasma, 175-181. NBII . (n.d.). Retrieved 10 28, 2011, from http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/amphibian_malformations/386 Ouellet, M. E. (1997). Hindlimb deformities (ectromelia, ectrodactyly) in free living anurans from agricultural habitats. . Wildlife Diversity, 95-104. Paull, S. E. (2011). How will climate change affect host-parasite interactions? Understanding differential responses of hosts and parasites. . Freshwater Biology, 767-778. Preston, D. E. (2010). Ecological consequences of parasitism. Nature Knowledge , 39. Preston, D. E. (n.d.). Amphibian declines and amphibian predators: diet and prey selectivity of the aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis atratus) in central California. . Journal of Herpetology. Redmond, M. E. (n.d.). Experimental exposure of Helisoma trivolvis and Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) to Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda). . Journal of Parasitology. Rohr, J. E. (2011). Frontiers in climate change-disease research. . Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 270-277. Romansic, J. E. (2011). Individual and combined effects of multiple pathogens on Pacific treefrogs. . Oecologia, 1029-1041. Roth, B. E. (2007). Linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: the role of woody habitat in lake food webs. . Ecological Modelling, 439-452. Sample note cards. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 08, 2011, from http://mrsabbadessa.wcsd.wikispaces.net/file/view/NoteCardsOutline.pdf Smith, E. A. (2002). Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian populations: a GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability. Biodiversity conservation, 21432165. Staiger, J. S. (n.d.). An evaluation of three aquatic sampling techniques for amphibians: implications for inventory and monitoring project design. Retrieved 10 30, 2011, from http://fl.biology.usgs.gov/posters/Herpetology/Aquatic_Sampling_Techniques/aq uatic_sampling_techniques.html Stocum, D. (2000). Frog limb deformities: an “eco-devo” riddle wrapped in multiple hypotheses surrounded by insufficient data. . Teratology, 147-150. Wilson, W. E. (2005). A molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Ribeiroia (Digenea): trematodes known to cause limb malformations in amphibians. . Journal of Parasitology, 1040-1045. Woolfolk, A. E. (2010). Educational Psychology Eleventh Edition. Boston: Columbus: Merrill. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 21, 2011, from abc teach: http://abcteach.com/free/s/science_scientificmethod_upperelem.pdf (n.d.). Retrieved 10 18, 2011, from art of teaching: http://artofteachingscience.org/mos/2.5.html (n.d.). Retrieved 09 26, 2011, from How not to plagiarize: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/ (n.d.). Retrieved 09 30, 2011, from science daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080724192258.htm (n.d.). Retrieved 10 08, 2011, from Wikipedia: www.wikipedia.com (n.d.). Retrieved 11 01, 2011, from Malformations: http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/facultysites/pieter/research.htm Anderson, D. S. (2011, 10 05). Educational Psychology. Retrieved 10 05, 2011, from Bemidji State University: https://bemidjistate.ims.mnscu.edu/d2l/lms/content/viewer/main_frame.d2l?ou=1 430744&tId=12239786 Blaustein, A. E. (2003). Explaining frog deformities. American Science, 60-65. Blaustein, A. E. (2011). The complexity of amphibian declines: understanding the role of cofactors in driving amphibian losses. Annals of the New york Academy of Sciences, 108-119. Bowerman, J. E. (2010). Sublethal predators and their injured prey: linking aquatic predators and severe limb abnormalities in amphibians . Ecology , 242-251. Bridges, C. E. (2004). Assessing the toxicity and teratogenicity of pond water in northcentral Minnesota to amphibians. Environmental Science Pollutant Research, 233-239. Burkhart, J. E. (1998). Induction of mortality and malformation in Xenopus laevis embryos by water sources associated with field frog deformities. Environmental Health Perspective, 841-848. Davidson, C. E. (2001). Declines of the California red-legged frog: climate, UV-B, habitat, and pesticides hypotheses. . Applied Ecology, 464-479. Degitz, S. E. (2003). Comparing the effects of stage and duration of retinoic acid exposure on amphibian limb development: chronic exposure results in mortality, not limb malformations. Toxicological Science, 139-146. Fair test. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 03, 2011, from Science Buddies: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fairprojects/project_experiment_fair_test.shtml Gleason, F. E. (2010). Blastocladian parasites of invertebrates. Fungal Biology Reviews , 56-67. Goodman, B. E. (2011). Ecomorphology and disease: understanding the cryptic effects of parasitism on host habitat use, thermoregulation, and predator avoidance. . Ecology, 542-548. Issues. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 13, 2011, from Education World: http://www.educationworld.com/a_issues/issues002.shtml Johnson, P. E. (1999). . The effect of trematode infection on amphibian limb development and survivorship. . Science, 802-804. Johnson, P. E. (2001). Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda: Digenea) infection induces severe limb malformations in western toads (Bufo boreas). . Canadian Journal of Zoology, 370-379. Johnson, P. E. (2002). Parasite (Ribeiroia ondatrae) infection linked to amphibian malformations in the western United States. . Ecological Monographs, 151-168. Johnson, P. E. (2011). Critical windows of disease risk: amphibian pathology driven by developmental changes in host resistance and tolerance. . Functional Ecology, 726-734. Johnson, P. e. (n.d.). Species diversity reduces parasite infection through crossgenerational effects on host density. . Ecology. Kruger-Higby, L. E. (2010). Spatial and temporal patterns of an epizootic of ulcerative disease in crayfish (Orconectes propinquus) linked to Saprolegnia australis in Big Muskellunge Lake, Wisconsin . Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 57-66. Lafferty, K. E. (2008). Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links. . Ecology Letters, 533-546. Locke, S. E. (n.d.). Linking larvae and adults of Apharyngostrigea cornu, Hysteromorpha triloba and Alaria mustelae (Diplostomoidea, Digenea) using molecular data. . Journal of Parasitology. Lunde, K. (n.d.). A practical guide to the study of amphibian malformations and their causes. Journal of Herpetology. Mizgireuv, I. E. (1984). Dysplastic lesions and abnormalities in amphibians associated with environmental conditions. . Neoplasma, 175-181. NBII . (n.d.). Retrieved 10 28, 2011, from http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/amphibian_malformations/386 Ouellet, M. E. (1997). Hindlimb deformities (ectromelia, ectrodactyly) in free living anurans from agricultural habitats. . Wildlife Diversity, 95-104. Paull, S. E. (2011). How will climate change affect host-parasite interactions? Understanding differential responses of hosts and parasites. . Freshwater Biology, 767-778. Preston, D. E. (2010). Ecological consequences of parasitism. Nature Knowledge , 39. Preston, D. E. (n.d.). Amphibian declines and amphibian predators: diet and prey selectivity of the aquatic garter snake (Thamnophis atratus) in central California. . Journal of Herpetology. Redmond, M. E. (n.d.). Experimental exposure of Helisoma trivolvis and Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) to Ribeiroia ondatrae (Trematoda). . Journal of Parasitology. Rohr, J. E. (2011). Frontiers in climate change-disease research. . Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 270-277. Romansic, J. E. (2011). Individual and combined effects of multiple pathogens on Pacific treefrogs. . Oecologia, 1029-1041. Roth, B. E. (2007). Linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems: the role of woody habitat in lake food webs. . Ecological Modelling, 439-452. Sample note cards. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 08, 2011, from http://mrsabbadessa.wcsd.wikispaces.net/file/view/NoteCardsOutline.pdf Smith, E. A. (2002). Modeling spatial distribution of amphibian populations: a GIS approach based on habitat matrix permeability. Biodiversity conservation, 21432165. Staiger, J. S. (n.d.). An evaluation of three aquatic sampling techniques for amphibians: implications for inventory and monitoring project design. Retrieved 10 30, 2011, from http://fl.biology.usgs.gov/posters/Herpetology/Aquatic_Sampling_Techniques/aq uatic_sampling_techniques.html Stocum, D. (2000). Frog limb deformities: an “eco-devo” riddle wrapped in multiple hypotheses surrounded by insufficient data. . Teratology, 147-150. Wilson, W. E. (2005). A molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Ribeiroia (Digenea): trematodes known to cause limb malformations in amphibians. . Journal of Parasitology, 1040-1045. Woolfolk, A. E. (2010). Educational Psychology Eleventh Edition. Boston: Columbus: Merrill.