SOLUTIONS:
Name: ____________________________8 ____
OUTCOME #2: Investigate and describe the composition of fluids, and interpret the behavior of materials
in solution.
b• investigate the solubility of different materials, and describe their concentration
d• relate the properties of mixtures and solutions to the particle model of matter
SOLUBLE means:
Able to dissolve into another substance.
INSOLUBLE means:
Unable to dissolve or break down into
another substance
Example:
Example:
Particle theory why:
Particle theory why:
SOLUTION is _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________. Always CLEAR!!
PARTICLE THEORY WHY:
A solution is made up of
two parts are
Particle theory why:
SOLVENT: __________________________________
SOLUTE: ___________________________
________________________________________.
__________________________________.
The solvent is the largest part of the solution.
(water, oil and alcohol)
The solute is the smallest part or
parts of a solution. There can be
more than one solute.
WATER: is known as the _____________________
______________________ because it can dissolve
most substances.
EXAMPLES:
SUBSTANCE
SOLVENT
THE ABC’s OF SOLUTIONS
SOLUTE
DIRECTIONS: Here are situations involving real solutions. Read through them and
underline the solvent and circle the solute(s) for each situation.
OUTCOME #2: Investigate and describe the composition of fluids,
and interpret the behavior of materials in solution.
b• investigate the solubility of different materials, and describe their
concentration
a)
Fish breath oxygen, which is everywhere in the water.
b) Vinegar is made up of 5 g of liquid acetic acid and 100 g of water.
c) A clear mixture of baking soda and water often helps an upset stomach.
d) Brass is an alloy that can be made by mixing 65 parts of molten copper
with 35 parts of molten zinc.
e) Liquid varsol will easily remove paint from your hands.
f) Antifreeze used in a car radiator is a mixture of the liquid ethylene glycol, and water.
The ethylene glycol is present in the greater quantity.
g) On a windy day, snow and ice disappear into thin air without melting.
h) Sugar, lemon juice and water make up lemonade.
i) Alcohol is a good lock de-icer, since it can dissolve water drops frozen in the keyhole.
j) Open a bottle of pop: gas suddenly appears everywhere and rises to the top of the
water.
k) A few drops of food coloring can change the color of water.
l) Pulp mills discharge a gas which spreads through the air, so that it can be smelt miles
away.
m) When it rains, any sulphur dioxide there is in the air mixes with rain water, forming “acid
rain”.
APPROPRIATE TERMS TO COMPARE SOLUTIONS: Name: ___________________8___
(page 24-28)
1. Use the term solute to define a DILUTE SOLUTION:
2. Use the term solute to define a CONCENTRATED SOLUTION:
3. In your lab group you will need three 250mL beakers, 2 spoons (one for solute
measurement and one for stirring), a strip of masking tape and a container of solute.
a. Using masking tape label the beakers A, B, C if not done already.
b. Fill each beaker with 100mL of tap water.
c. Add ½ scoop of solute to beaker A and stir.
d. Add 2 scoops of solute to beaker B and stir.
4. The solute dissolved into the water to make a solution. If you could see the solute
particles what would it look like? Using dots diagram out the amount of solute in
beaker A and B.
A
B
5. Which beaker would be considered dilute? _______________
6. Which beaker would be considered concentrated? ________
7. Dissolve 1 ½ scoops of solute into beaker C and stir.
8. Diagram out the solute in beaker C .
C
9. Is Beaker C dilute or concentrated? Give reasoning for your answer.
10. Did you compare Beaker C to beaker A or B to get your answer in #9? What would
happen if you did not have another solution to compare to?
Do you think the terms dilute and concentrated are a good terms to use to describe a
solution? Explain your answer.
11. Empty your beakers and rinse them out. Put 25mL of water in A and add 1g (use
paper towel on scale) of solute and stir. You could record the concentration of this
beaker so you are more accurate. It would be
amount
of
solute dissolved
(UNITS)
amount of solvent
(UNITS)
12.
You just wrote the concentration for Beaker A. What does concentration tell you-in
terms of solute and solvent?
13.
Put 50mL of water in B and dissolve 4g of solute. Write the concentration of this
solution. ________/______________.
14.
Put 150mL of water in C and dissolve 10g of solute. Write the concentration of this
solution. ________/______________.
15.
Use the term solute to define an UNSATURATED SOLUTION.
16.
Use the term solute to define a SATURATED SOLUTION.
17.
The point where no more solute can be dissolved is called the _________________
________________.
18.
What would you see in a beaker that would tell you that you have made a
saturated solution or when you have reached the saturation point?
19.
At this point of the lab are any of your solutions (beaker A, B or C) saturated?
20.
Use beaker B (_______g/______mL), add solute 2grams at a time, stirring between,
(keep track of the grams of solute added) until you have reached a saturated
solution.
Number of grams of solute needed to saturate the 100mL of water = ______
The concentration of this saturated solution would be __________/_________.
What told you that this solution was saturated?
21. CONCENTRATIONS are used to tell you the exact amount of solute dissolved in
a certain amount of solvent. Example: 25g of salt/100g of water (25g/100g)
Which solution is the most concentrated? To compare you must convert each
solution to grams of solute/100mL of solvent!! (Set up a ratio, cross multiple and
divide). Answer to the 100th. Show your work!
Example:
2.1g/15mL
2.1g =
X
15mL
100
10g of chocolate in
50mL of water
3g of sugar in 300mL
of water
5g of maple syrup
in 25mL of water
Starting
concentration is
_______/_______
Starting
concentration is
_______/_______
Starting
concentration is
_______/_______
15X = 2.1 (100)
15X = 210
15X = 210
15
15
X= 14
X= 14g/100mL
Means there is
14 grams of
solute in
100mL of
solvent!
Write the end concentration for each of the above solutions are:
Chocolate concentration is: ____________/___________
Sugar concentration is: ____________/___________
Maple syrup concentration is: ____________/___________
The most concentrated solution is:________________________________________
22. Which beaker had the highest concentration? Beaker A, B or C?
(from question #11,12,13) Show your work.