Name: ________________________
Solutions Pre Lab
True Solution, Suspension and Colloidal Solution- Based on distinct properties, solutions can be classified
into True Solution, Suspension and Colloid. This classification is necessary to understand concepts of
colloidal solutions and distinguish it from rest of the types.
Types of Solutions
True Solution
In a solution you have a solute (sugar, salt, etc.) that dissolves into a solvent (water, alcohol).
Particle sizes distinguish one homogeneous mixture from another. Solutions are mixtures with particle sizes at
the molecule or ion level. The particles have dimensions between 0.1 to 2 nanometers. Typically solutions are
transparent. Light can usually pass through the solution. If the solute is able to absorb visible light then the
solution will have a color. A blue liquid transmits blue light and absorbs the other colors of the spectrum.
A mixture of water H2O
and ethanol CH3CH2OH
is homogeneous. The particles are
individual molecules of H2O and CH3CH2OH. The two molecules are spread uniformly throughout the solution.
A mixture of water and sodium chloride is homogeneous by chemistry standards. The particles in the mixture
are molecules of H2O and hydrated sodium cations, Na+, and chloride anions, Cl1-.
Solutions are transparent. You can see through them. The mixture remains stable and does not separate after
standing for any period of time. The particles are so small they cannot be separated by normal filtration.
A solution may have a "color" but it will still be transparent.
Colloids
Colloids are mixtures with particle sizes that consist of clumps of molecules. The particles have dimensions
between 2 to 1000 nanometers.
The colloid looks homogeneous to the naked eye. Fog and milk are examples of colloids.
Colloids frequently appear "murky" or "opaque". The particles are large enough to scatter light (Tyndall
Effect). You have experience with the way fog interacts with the light from car headlights. Colloids generally
do not separate on standing. They are not separated by filtration.
Suspensions
Suspensions are homogeneous mixtures with particles that have diameters greater than 1000 nm, 0.000001
meter. The size of the particles is great enough so they are visible to the naked eye. Blood and aerosol sprays
are examples of suspensions.
Suspensions are "murky" or "opaque". They do not transmit light. Suspensions separate on standing. The
mixture of particles can be separated by filtration.
Property
True Solution
Colloidal Solutions
Suspension
Size of the particles
< 1nm
1– 1000nm
>1000nm
Nature
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
Filterability(Diffusion
through parchment paper)
Particles of true Solution diffuse Colloidal particles pass through
rapidly through filter paper as
filter paper but not through
well as parchment paper.
parchment paper.
Suspension particles do not
pass through filter paper and
parchment paper.
Colloidal particles are not seen to Suspension particles are big
naked eye but can be studied
enough to be seen by naked
through ultra microscope.
eye.
Visibility
Particles of True Solution are
not visible to naked eye.
Tyndall effect
True Solution does not show
Tyndall effect.
Colloids shows Tyndall effect.
Suspension may or may not
show Tyndall effect.
Appearance
Transparent
Translucent
Opaque
Pre-Lab Questions:
1. What is a true solution? What size characteristics does it have?
2. Describe the relationship between solutes and solvents. Give an example of each.
3. What is the Tyndall effect, and how can you use that information to determine what type of solution (true,
colloid, suspension) you have?
4. How can you use filters to determine what type of solution you have?
5. What are some examples of suspension?
6. How could you use a laser pointer to figure out what type of solution you have?