CHAPTER 5 - VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. A device that monitors electrical activity of the brain over time is the
a. electroencephalograph or EEG
b. polygraph
c. electromyograph or EMG
d. electrocardiograph or EKG
2. If you were to lie down under a tree and relax, but not fall asleep, your dominant brain wave pattern would
most likely consist of
a. alpha waves
b. beta waves
c. delta waves
d. theta waves
3. Circadian rhythms are biological cycles that are
a. 90 minutes in length
b. 24 hours in length
c. on a monthly cycle
d. on a seasonal cycle
4. The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input
to the ____ of the ____.
a. pineal gland; medulla
b. pineal gland; hypothalamus
c. suprachiasmatic nucleus; medulla
d. suprachiasmatic nucleus; hypothalamus
5. Which hormone plays a key role in adjusting the day-night cycle?
a. melatonin
b. adrenalin
c. androgen
d. thyroxine
6. As a person falls into deeper sleep, his pattern of brain wave activity becomes both ____ in frequency and
____ in amplitude.
a. slower; higher
b. faster; higher
c. slower; lower
d. faster; lower
7. Peter is in a deep sleep and his brain wave pattern consists of low frequency delta waves. Peter is
experiencing which stage of sleep?
a. REM
b. Stage 3 or 4
c. Stage 1
d. Stage 2
8. Sleep stages 3 and 4 are referred to as
a. low amplitude sleep
b. high amplitude sleep
c. slow-wave sleep
d. fast-wave sleep
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9. In general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain
a. more stage 4 and less REM
b. more stage 4 and more REM
c. less stage 4 and less REM
d. less stage 4 and more REM
10. Given the cyclical nature of sleep, we can expect to do the most dreaming
a. toward the beginning of the night's sleep
b. in the middle of the night's sleep
c. in NREM sleep
d. toward the end of the night's sleep
11. NREM sleep consists of which stages of sleep?
a. Stages 1 and 2
b. Stages 1, 2 and 3
c. Stages 3 and 4
d. Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4
12. The last dream period of the night is usually the
a. longest
b. shortest
c. best
d. scariest
13. Individuals with partial sleep deprivation or sleep restriction experience
a. impaired attention
b. impaired motor coordination
c. impaired decision making
d. impaired attention, motor coordination, and decision making
14. After being deprived of REM sleep for several days, when first allowed uninterrupted sleep people tend to
spend additional time in REM sleep. This increase in REM sleep is called the
a. catch-up effect
b. rebound effect
c. dream-rebound effect
d. dream effect
15. Insomnia is best defined as referring to
a. chronic difficulties in remaining asleep
b. chronic difficulties in falling asleep
c. chronic problems in getting adequate sleep
d. occasional problems in getting adequate sleep
16. A disease marked by sudden and irresistible onset of sleep during normal waking hours is
a. reverse insomnia
b. somnambulism
c. sleep apnea
d. narcolepsy
17. Martin wakes up hundreds of times each night gasping for air. He suffers from
a. sleep apnea
b. respiratory deficiency
c. insomnia
d. narcolepsy
18. Last night, five-year-old Ross let out a piercing cry and abruptly awakened in a state of panic. Most likely,
Ross experienced
a. narcolepsy
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b. a night terror
c. a nightmare
d. sleep apnea
Nightmares usually occur during ____ sleep and night terrors usually occur during ____ sleep.
a. NREM; REM
b. REM; NREM
c. REM; REM
d. NREM; NREM
Sleepwalking is most likely to occur
a. when a person has emotional or psychological problems
b. after a person has been asleep for several hours
c. during slow-wave sleep
d. during REM sleep
Freud theorized that dreams
a. provide a window to the conscious mind
b. provide a practical approach to problem solving
c. reflect wish fulfillment
d. reflect reality
If a college student who is struggling to keep from flunking out of school dreams of winning the "student of
the year award," this dream would be most consistent with which theory of dreaming?
a. fantasy
b. activation-synthesis
c. wish fulfillment
d. problem solving
A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility defines
a. meditation
b. attention
c. relaxation
d. hypnosis
Narcotics are drugs that
a. are derived from opium and are capable of relieving pain
b. are derived from the hemp plant
c. cause distortions in sensory and perceptual experience
d. tend to increase central nervous system activation and behavioral activity
Sleep-inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioral activity are
a. opiates
b. stimulants
c. sedatives
d. cannabis
Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processes. Additionally, she is exhibiting
paranoia, nausea, and "jumbled" thought processes. Renee is most likely under the influence of a
a. hallucinogen
b. sedative
c. narcotic
d. stimulant
A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug as a result of continued use is called
a. physical dependence
b. psychological dependence
c. resistance
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d. tolerance
Most psychoactive drugs work primarily by altering
a. the functioning of the endocrine system
b. the functioning of sensory receptor cells
c. neurotransmitter activity in the brain
d. neurotransmitter activity in the peripheral nervous system
Symptoms such as fever, chills, tremors, convulsions, vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea are associated with
a. consuming psychoactive drugs
b. tolerance
c. psychological dependence
d. physical dependence
When a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving it is termed
a. tolerance
b. physical dependence
c. psychological dependence
d. codependence
Which stage of sleep is characterized as a brief transitional stage during which theta waves are prominent?
a. Stage 1
b. Stage 2
c. Stage 4
d. REM
If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements you probably would report that you
a. had a headache
b. had been dreaming
c. had not been dreaming
d. had not really been asleep
REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.
a. deepen
b. lighten
c. shorten
d. lengthen
When a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness it is termed
a. tolerance
b. psychological dependence
c. physical dependence
d. codependence
With which of the following statements would a behaviorist agree?
a. Conscious experiences can be studied in an objective, precise way.
b. In order to understand behavior, one must understand the motives behind the behavior.
c. Behavior can only be explained in terms of phenomenology, that is, an individual's
interpretation of experience.
d. Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others.
Professor Vasquez believes that nearly all psychological disorders can ultimately be traced to abnormalities in
brain chemistry. Professor Vasquez's beliefs are most consistent with the
a. behavioral perspective
b. cognitive perspective
c. biological perspective
d. humanistic perspective
Both Rogers and Maslow believe
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a. people are not masters of their own destiny
b. people have a basic need to fulfill their potential for personal growth
c. human behavior is largely determined by primitive sexual urges
d. human behavior is shaped by environmental events
The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have a drive
for personal growth is
a. humanism
b. psychoanalysis
c. behaviorism
d. functionalism
Which of the following professionals receive general training in medicine and receive an M.D. (medical
doctor) degree?
a. psychiatrists only
b. clinical psychologists only
c. counseling psychologists only
d. psychiatrists and clinical psychologists
A researcher is investigating the effect of high room temperatures on aggressive behavior in preschoolers.
Half of the children are in a classroom where the temperature is a warm 88 degrees and half are in a
classroom where the temperature is a normal 77 degrees. The researcher measures the number of hitting
incidents that occur in each classroom. In this study the temperature of the room is the
a. dependent variable
b. experimental group
c. control group
d. independent variable
A researcher is investigating the effect of high room temperature on aggressive behavior in preschoolers. Half
of the children are in a classroom where the temperature is a warm 88 degrees and half are in a classroom
where the temperature is a normal 77 degrees. The researcher measures the number of hitting incidents that
occur in each classroom. In this study the children in the warm classroom are the
a. primary group
b. secondary group
c. experimental group
d. control group
A researcher tries to make sure that subjects in the experimental and control groups are very similar to each
other in order to reduce the effects of
a. extraneous variables
b. random variables
c. dependent variables
d. independent variables
A correlation coefficient will always have a value between
a. 0% and 100%
b. -10.00 and +10.00
c. -1.00 and +1.00
d. 0 and +1.00
A high correlation coefficient (either positive or negative) indicates that
a. there is a high level of consistency in the relationship between the two variables
b. the scores on the two variables are nearly identical
c. a change in one variable causes a change in the second variable
d. a third factor or variable is always responsible for the relationship between the two
variables
____ 45. If a neuron is not receiving any input or information, the neuron is at its
a. baseline potential
b. neurotransmitter potential
c. action potential
d. resting potential
____ 46. As a neuron is stimulated and starts to receive information the neuron's electrical charge
a. becomes less negative
b. becomes more negative
c. immediately becomes positive
d. immediately affects the next neuron
____ 47. The nervous system that consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems is the ____ nervous system.
a. central
b. skeletal
c. peripheral
d. sympathetic
____ 48. The medulla is involved in
a. sleep and arousal
b. relaying sensory information to the cerebral cortex
c. coordinating body movements and balance
d. controlling essential functions such as breathing, regulating circulation, and maintaining
muscle tone
____ 49. The thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
a. limbic system
b. corpus callosum
c. transverse pathway
d. thalamus
____ 50. Which of the following is not associated with a state of hypnosis?
a. narrowed attention
b. increased or enhanced fantasy
c. decrease in suggestibility
d. increase in passive relaxation
CHAPTER 5 - VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESS
Answer Section
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