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Supplemental Information For
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Toward verifying fossil fuel CO2 emissions with the Community Multi-scale Air
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Quality (CMAQ) model: motivation, model description and initial simulation
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Zhen Liu1 Ray P. Bambha1 Joseph Pinto2 Tao Zeng3 Jim Boylan3 Maoyi Huang4, Huimin
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Lei4,5, Chun Zhao4, Shishi Liu6, Jiafu Mao6, Christopher R. Schwalm7 Xiaoying Shi6,
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Yaxing Wei6, Cosmin Safta1 and Hope A. Michelsen1
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Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
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Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta, GA, USA
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National
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Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Oakridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona
University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Manuscript for submission to
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The Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
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A special section for the CMAS-2012 conference
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zheliu@sandia.gov; rpbambh@sandia.gov; hamiche@sandia.gov
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Detailed Descriptions of NEE From the Community Land Model (CLM4VIC)
Simulation
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Under MsTMIP, CLM4VIC was configured and run following the protocol
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described in Huntzinger et al. (2013), with driver datasets provided by MsTMIP as
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described in Wei et al. (2013). The CLM4VIC-based NEE used in this study was from
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the baseline global simulation (i.e., BG1 simulation), in which the model was driven by a
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110 year (1901 - 2010) atmospheric forcing dataset, with annual variations in
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atmospheric nitrogen deposition, CO2 concentration, and land-use change. The carbon-
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nitrogen biogeochemistry in the model was turned on, allowing for simulating vegetation
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dynamics in response to a changing environment, including prognostic estimates of
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emissions due to wild fires under appropriate environmental conditions. For a detailed
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description of the configuration and model setup of CLM4VIC simulations from
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MsTMIP, interested readers are referred to Huntzinger et al. (2013).
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REFERENCES
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Wei, Y., Liu, S., Post, W.M., Viovy, N., Schwalm, C., Schaefer, K., Jacobson, A., Lu, C.,
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Cook, R.B., Michalak, A.M., Ricciuto, D.M., and Huntzinger, D., The North American
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Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-Scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison
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(MsTMIP) Project: Environmental Driver Data. In prep.
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Huntzinger, D.N., et al., The North American Carbon Program (NACP) Multi-scale
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Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP): Part I – Overview
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and Experimental Design. Journal of Geoscientific Model Development, In prep.
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Table S1. Configurations of WRF and CMAQ
WRF
Microphysics
Cumulus
Surface
Radiation
(longwave and shortwave)
Others
Morrison
Kain-Fritsch
Pleim-Xiu
RRTMG
vertical velocity damping; 6th-order diffusion
For more details in the WRF simulation, including
model setup and evaluation against observations, see
the SEMAP project report for WRF
http://sesarm.aer.com/static/pages/v0.9/SESARMFinal-Report-20111219.pdf
CMAQ
Gas phase chemistry
Aerosols
Cloud
Vertical diffusion
Horizontal diffusion
Vertical advection
Horizontal advection
Dry deposition
Emissions
Carbon Bond 05 (CB05) with updated toluene
chemistry
5th-generation modal CMAQ aerosol model (AERO5)
Asymmetric Convective Method (ACM)
ACM2
multiscale scheme based on local wind deformation
WRF
Yamo
In-line for non-CO2 species
Anthropogenic
emissions:
SESARM
regional
inventory (2007) for SESARM states; NEI 2005 v5 for
non-SESARM states
Fire: SESARM regional inventory and Blue Sky
inventory for non-SESARM states
biogenic: BEIS3
For more details, see the SouthEastern Modeling,
Analysis and Planning (SEMAP) modeling protocol
(http://airqualitymodeling.org/semapwiki/index.php?tit
le=SEMAP_Modeling_Protocol; accessed January 14,
2013)
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Table S2. Information of the six NOAA ESRL/GMD tall-tower sites used in this work.
Tower
Location
Argyle, Maine (AMT)
Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO)
Park Falls, Wisconsin (LEF)
West Branch, Iowa (WBI)
Walnut Grove, California (WGC)
Waco Killeen, Texas (WKT)
45.03°N 68.68°W
40.05°N 105.01°W
45.95°N 90.27°W
41.73°N 91.35°W
38.27°N 121.49°W
31.32°N 97.33°W
Elevation
(meters above sea level)
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1584
472
242
0
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Intake height
(meters above ground)
107
300
122
99
483
457
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Figure S1. Hourly time series and average diurnal cycle of CO2 observed and simulated at BAO. For the time series, model root mean
square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient (R), model mean bias (meanmodel – meanobservation), and ratio of standard deviations
(stddevmodel/stddevobservation) are shown for both CMAQ and CT2011 after aggregating CMAQ hourly outputs to 3-hourly time series
(to match the time resolution of CT2011).
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Figure S2. Same as Figure S1, but for WKT.
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Figure S3. Same as Figure S1, but for WGC.
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Figure S4. Same as Figure S1, but for WBI.
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Figure S5. Same as Figure S1, but for LEF.
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Figure S6. Same as Figure S1, but for AMT.
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