Science Vocabulary Science Vocabulary mineral A naturally formed solid made of grains of one or more minerals mineral A naturally formed solid made of grains of one or more minerals hardness a solid object found in nature that has never been alive hardness a solid object found in nature that has never been alive rock The part of soil made up of broken-down pieces of dead plants and animals rock The part of soil made up of broken-down pieces of dead plants and animals humus Soil with grains of rock that are too small to be seen with your eyes alone humus Soil with grains of rock that are too small to be seen with your eyes alone sand The measure of how difficult it is for a mineral to be scratched sand The measure of how difficult it is for a mineral to be scratched silt Soil with grains of rock that you can see with your eyes alone silt Soil with grains of rock that you can see with your eyes alone clay The movement of weathered rock and soil clay The movement of weathered rock and soil loam Breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces loam Breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces weathering Soil that is a mixture of humus, sand, silt, and clay (good for farming) weathering Soil that is a mixture of humus, sand, silt, and clay (good for farming) erosion Soil with very, very tiny grains of rock that is reddish in color erosion Soil with very, very tiny grains of rock that is reddish in color