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What is Biology?
Biology and Biologists: Overview
What is Biology?
How Do Biologists Study?
Biology as a Human Endeavor
Biology and Biologists: Summary
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Chemical & Physical Properties of Solutions
The Chemical Basis of Life: Overview
Elements of Life
Atoms and Molecules
Chemical Reactions
The Chemical Basis of Life: Summary
Water and Life: Overview
The Nature of Water
Physical Properties of Water
Water and Life: Summary
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Biomolecules
Organic Molecules: Overview
Organic Chemistry
Food Energy Molecules
Nitrogen Containing Compounds
Organic Molecules: Summary
Macromolecules: Overview
Structure and Function of Polysaccharides
Structure and Function of Fats
Structure and Function of Proteins
Macromolecules: Summary
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Cellular Organization
Cells: The Basics: Overview
What Are Cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Tools for Studying Cells
Cells: The Basics: Summary
More about Cells: Overview
Cellular Organelles
Cell Structure and Movement
Extracellular Structures
More about Cells: Summary
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Membranes and Transport
Cell Membranes: Overview
Membrane Structure
Transport Mechanisms
Membrane Proteins
Cell Membranes: Summary
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DNA
DNA Discovery & Structure: Overview
Discovery
Structure
Implications
DNA Discovery & Structure: Summary
DNA Replication: Overview
The Mechanism
The Accuracy of Replication
DNA Replication: Summary
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From DNA to Protein
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The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Overview
Genes Encode Proteins
RNA Structure and Function
The Initiation of Transcription
Elongation, Termination, and Processing
The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary
Translation: Protein Synthesis: Overview
Decoding RNA
The Components of Translation
The Mechanism of Translation
Translation: Protein Synthesis: Summary
Types of Genomes
Eukaryotic Genomes: Overview
The Organization of Genetic Material
Chromatin Structure
The Regulation of Gene Expression
Eukaryotic Genomes: Summary
Viral & Bacterial Genomes: Overview
Viruses
Bacteria
Viral & Bacterial Genomes: Summary
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Biotechnology
Applications of Biotechnology: Overview
Agricultural Applications
Medical Applications
Legal Applications
Practical and Ethical Concerns
Applications of Biotechnology: Summary
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The Reproduction of Cells
The Cell Cycle & Mitosis: Overview
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Experiment
The Cell Cycle & Mitosis: Summary
Sexual Life Cycle & Meiosis: Overview
Life Cycles
Stages of Meiosis
Sources of Genetic Variation
Sexual Life Cycle & Meiosis: Summary
Demonstration
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Patterns of Inheritance
The Mendelian Model of Inheritance: Overview
Mendel's Experiments
Mendel's Law of Segregation
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment
The Mendelian Model of Inheritance: Summary
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The Chromosomal Basis of Heredity
Genes & Chromosomes: Overview
The Chromosome Theory
Sex Chromosomes
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Genes & Chromosomes: Summary
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The Theory of Evolution
Darwin in Historical Context: Overview
The Historical Setting
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution
The Evidence for Evolution
Darwin in Historical Context: Summary
Mechanisms of Evolution: Overview
Population Genetics
The Process of Genetic Change
Preserving the Diversity
Mechanisms of Evolution: Summary
The Origin of Species
Speciation: Overview
Geographic and Reproductive Barriers
Types of Speciation
The Hybrid Zone
The Rate of Speciation
Speciation: Summary
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The Family Tree of Life
Systematics: Classifying Organisms: Overview
Naming Organisms
Constructing Phylogenetic Trees
Modern Taxonomy
Systematics: Classifying Organisms: Summary
The History of Life on Earth
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Single-Celled Organisms
Prokaryotes: Overview
Physical Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Lifestyles
Two Domains: Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotes: Summary
Unicellular Eukaryotes: Overview
The Kingdom Protista
Protozoans
Plantlike Protists
Funguslike Protists
Unicellular Eukaryotes: Summary
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Still Life: Plants and Fungi
Plants and Their Relatives: Overview
Colonizing the Land
The Rise of Vascular Plants
Cones, Flowers, and Seeds
Plants and Their Relatives: Summary
The Fungi: Overview
Characteristics of Fungi
Surveys of Fungal Diversity
The Fungi: Summary
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The Diversity of Animals
An Introduction to the Animals: Overview
Animal Fundamentals
Body Plans
Protostomes and Deuterostomes
An Introduction to the Animals: Summary
From Invertebrates to Vertebrates: Overview
More Protostomes
Deuterostomes and Early Vertebrates
Vertebrate Diversity
From Invertebrates to Vertebrates: Summary
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Principles of Bioenergetics
Enzymes and Metabolism: Overview
Enzymes as Catalysts
Enzyme Specificity
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzymes and Metabolism: Summary
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Central Catabolic Pathways
An Overview of Metabolism: Overview
Metabolic Strategies
The Organization of Metabolic Pathways
The Energetics of Metabolism
An Overview of Metabolism: Summary
Glycolsis: Overview
The Glycolytic Pathway
The Fate of Pyruvate and NADH
The Regulation of Glycolysis
Glycolsis: Summary
Observation
The TCA Cycle: Overview
The TCA Cycle
The Fate of Carbon Atoms
The Regulation of Energetics of the TCA Cycle
The TCA Cycle: Summary
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Electron Transport and Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport, ATP Synthesis, and Chemiosmosis: Overview
The Electron Transport Chain
The Synthesis of ATP
Chemiosmosis
Electron Transport, ATP Synthesis, and Chemiosmosis: Summary
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Structural Organization of Animals
Animal Form and Function: Overview
The Structure of Animal Tissue
Organs and Organ Systems
Homeostasis
Animal Form and Function: Summary
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Reproduction & Devel. in Animals
Animal Reproduction: Overview
Types of Fertilization
Gamete Production
Reproductive Anatomy
Hormonal Control of Reproduction
Animal Reproduction: Summary
Animal Development: Overview
The Processes of Development
Embryonic Development
The Control of Development
Human Development
Animal Development: Summary
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Circulation and Gas Exchange
The Circulatory System: Overview
Animal Circulatory Systems
Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
The Vascular System
The Human Circulatory System
The Circulatory System: Summary
The Respiratory System: Overview
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Types of Respiratory Systems
The Human Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
Gas Transport
The Respiratory System: Summary
The Body's Defenses
The Lymphatic System and the Blood: Overview
The Lymphatic System
The Blood
The Lymphatic System and the Blood: Summary
Nonspecific Immune Defenses: Overview
The Barriers of Infection
The Nonspecific Immune Response
Nonspecific Immune Defenses: Summary
Specific Immune Defenses: Overview
The Specific Immune Response
The Cellular Response
The Humoral Response
Disorders of the Immune System
Specific Immune Defenses: Summary
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Nutrition and Excretion
Diet and Feeding Mechanisms: Overview
Feeding Mechanisms
Food and Energy
Food for Biosynthesis
Essential Nutrients
Diet and Feeding Mechanisms: Summary
The Digestive System: Overview
Vertebrate Digestive Systems
The Human Digestive System
The Regulation of Digestion
The Digestive System: Summary
Osmoregulation and Excretion: Overview
The Excretion of Water and Wastes
Excretory Systems
The Human Kidney
Osmoregulation and Excretion: Summary
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Nervous System, Internal Controls
Nervous Systems and Sensation: Overview
Organization of Nervous Systems
Peripheral Nervous Systems
Central Nervous Systems
Sensory Reception
Nervous Systems and Sensation: Summary
How Nerves Work: Overview
Neuron Structure
Intracellular Signaling
Intercellular Signaling
How Nerves Work: Summary
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Chemical Signals in Animals
Hormones: Overview
Chemical Characteristics of Hormones
Mechanisms of Hormone Actions
Hormones as Chemical Signals
Hormones: Summary
Experiment: Insect Metamorphosis
The Endocrine System: Overview
The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
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The Thyroid Gland
The Pancreas
The Adrenal Glands and the Gonads
The Endocrine System: Summary
The Musculoskeletal System
Skeletons: Overview
Hydrostatic Skeletons and Exoskeletons
Endoskeletons
Skeletons: Summary
Muscle Structure and Contraction: Overview
The Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Other Types of Muscle
Muscle Structure and Contraction: Summary
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The Structure of Plants
Plant Nutrition: Overview
Essential Nutrients
Soil
Nitrogen Fixation
Plant Nutrition: Summary
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Plant Energetics
Introduction to Photosynthesis: Overview
Energy From the Sun
Carbon Fixation
Photopigment Demonstration
Introduction to Photosynthesis: Summary
Experiment: Plant Pigments
The Light Reactions: Overview
Photosystems I and II
Chemiosmosis in Plants
Light Energy in Photosynthesis Experiment
The Light Reactions: Summary
The Calvin-Benson Cycle: Overview
The Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Sugar
Photorespiration
C4 Plants
The Calvin-Benson Cycle: Summary
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Plant Reproduction, Development, and Control
Plant Reproduction and Development: Overview
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Embryonic Development
Plant Reproduction and Development: Summary
Control Systems in Plants: Overview
Plant Hormones
Biological Clocks
Responses to Environmental Stress
Control Systems in Plants: Summary
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Populations and Ecosystems
The Natural Setting: Overview
Abiotic Factors Affecting Living Systems
Terrestrial Biomes
Aquatic Biomes
The Natural Setting: Summary
Population Ecology: Overview
Population Distribution
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Models of Population Growth
Regulating Population Size
Population Ecology: Summary
Community Ecology: Overview
Community Structure
Ecological Interactions
The Dynamics of Communities
Community Ecology: Summary
Ecosystems
Energy Flow and the Water Cycle: Overview
Feeding Relationships
Energy Flow
The Water Cycle
Energy Flow and the Water Cycle: Summary
Chemical Element Cycles: Overview
The Carbon Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle
Chemical Element Cycles: Summary
Conservation Biology: Overview
Environmental Degradation
The Loss of Biodiversity
Saving Our Planet
Conservation Biology: Summary
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Behavioral Ecology
Basics of Behavior: Overview
The Causes of Behavior
Cognition and Learning
The Genetics of Behavior
The Evolution of Behavior
Basics of Behavior: Summary
Social Behavior: Overview
Animal Communication
Mating Behaviors
Costs and Benefits
Altruism
Social Behavior: Summary
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