HONORS BIOLOGY
CHAPTER ONE:
Biology: Exploring Life
Biology
• The Scientific Study of Life
Characteristics of Life
• An organism must have all seven of these in
order to be considered as living.
• 1. Order
Characteristics
of Life youtube
• 2. Reproduction
5:24
• 3. Growth and development
• 4. Energy Processing
• 5. Respond to the Environment
• 6. Regulation
• 7. Evolutionary adaptation
1. ORDER
Living things are made of cells
• These units
help to
organize
their
materials.
Nerve cell
Examples of Cells
Egg and
sperm
Red blood
cell
Fat cell
Cheek cell
2. REPRODUCTION
• Why is this so
important?
• How do plants
reproduce?
• How do animals
reproduce?
Egg and
sperm
pollen
Euglena separate
Types of Reproduction
Asexual/Sexual Reproduction Animation
• Sexual Reproduction
• Two parents unite to
form a new organism
• Asexual
Reproduction
• A single parent
divides itself two
produce offspring
3. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
Living things are based on a
universal genetic code (DNA).
• All living things
have the same
bases (A, T, C, G)
in their DNA-they
are just in different
order
• Each organism
has a pattern of
growth and
development
characteristic of
its species.
• Tadpole + Flatfish
metamorphosis
• Crecropia Moth Life
Cycle Video
4. ENERGY
PROCESSING
• Organisms take in energy
and transform it to perform
all of life’s activities.
-metabolism (burn food)
-photosynthesis (make
food)
Cellular Respiration-Pearson (4:29)
5. RESPOND TO THE
ENVIRONMENT
• All organisms
respond to
environmental
stimuli.
• YouTube - Venus flytrap
eating a spider
• Bozeman Response to
Environment
Stimulus-Response
• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism
responds.
6. REGULATION
Living Things Maintain a Stable
Internal Environment
• The environment may change, but
regulatory mechanisms maintain an
organisms’ internal environments within
limits that sustain life.
Homeostasisability of an
organism to
maintain stability
Sunbathing lemur
on a cool morning
7. EVOLUTIONARY
ADAPTATION
Taken as a group, living things
change over time.
Adaptations evolve
to allow greater
reproductive
success
• Homer Simpson Evolution
Characteristics of Life Activity
1.2 HIERARCHY OF
ORGANIZATION
Biosphere
All environments on earth that support
life (all earth living and areas around)
Ecosystem
All living organisms and nonliving in a
particular area
Community All living organisms in an ecosystem
Population
All individuals of one species living in
one area
1.2 HIERARCHY OF
ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Organism
An individual (one) living thing
Organ
system
Several organs that cooperate for a
specific function
Organ
Made of several tissues to perform a
specific function
Tissue
Made of several cells that perform a
particular function
1.2 HIERARCHY OF
ORGANIZATION (cont.)
Cell
Fundamental unit of life
Organelle
Membrane-enclosed structure that
performs a specific function in a cell
Molecule
Cluster of atoms held by chemical
bonds
Atom
Basic unit of matter
PUT IN ORDER LARGEST TO
SMALLEST
•
•
•
•
•
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
•
•
•
•
•
•
Organ Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelle
Molecules
Go to Levels of Life Pictures
Power Point
(then back here to activity)
Name the Level of Organization
HONORS BIOLOGY
VOCABULARY
• Inference = logical interpretation of the
situation (may involve experiences and
judgments)
• Observation = using your senses (and
tools) to gather information
What’s the Difference?
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
• An approach on
understanding the world as
it is
• Gravity
• Biology
• Physics
• geology
• Applied scientific
knowledge for a specific
purpose
• Medicine
• Computers
• Aeronautics
• Bioengineering
Inference or Observation?
• 1. The person in the front of the room is the
teacher.
• 2. There are 25 students in the room.
• 3. The crickets like to eat lettuce.
• 4. 8/12 crickets were found at the lettuce in
a 2 minute period.
ADD
“Emergent Properties”
• What does it mean that “the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts?”
• How is a person different than just its blood
or its muscles?
• How is population of people in Hudson
different than just one person (you)?
EXAMPLES
BEE HIVE
• One bee does limited jobs,
but together they get the
hive and honey made.
Drone
Queen
Worker
Bicycle Parts
You can get a
lot farther with it put
together
• Whole Bicycle
1.3 Cells are the structural and
functional units of life
• A cell is the lowest level that can have all
the properties of life.
• UNICELLULAR – an organism that
consists of only one cell EX: bacteria
• MULTICELLULAR – an organisms that
consists of more than one cell
• Prokaryotic Cells –
have no nucleus bound in
a membrane EX: bacteria
• -smaller
• First to evolve (3.7 bya)
• Eukaryotic Cells – have
a nucleus bound in a
membrane
• EX: nerve cell, plant
cell, paramecium
• -larger cells
• -evolved around 2.1 bya
• How did the evolution of Life
begin? (4:16)
HYPOTHESIS
THEORY
LAW
• Prediction
made from
observations
Several
tests showed
idea to be
true
Proven
true every
time (no
exception)
Ball will go
down off cliff
Ball, rock,
+ wheel go
off cliff
Law of
Gravity
Darwin’s Ideas of Evolution
• Natural Selection – Survival of the fittest
• Descent with Modification – changes from
a common ancestor
Carolus Linnaeus’ Ideas
• Devised a system of binomial nomenclature
(Genus and species)
• A dichotomous key is used to identify organisms;
a character divides in two each time
1.5 Evolution, the core theme of
Biology
• The unity of life is based on DNA and a
common genetic code
• ALL CELLS HAVE DNA
• ALL CELLS HAVE FOUR BASES THAT
MAKE UP DNA (A,T, C, G)
• DNA is the molecule that makes up genes
(units of inheritance) that group to make
chromosomes
DNA is the blueprint for making
proteins (pigments, enzymes,
membranes, hormones…)