A media alert for the journal Current Biology.
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2015
Is Lower Stress the Secret to Finding Empathy?
How is it that people can sometimes show such empathy when other times our ability to feel
compassion seems to be in such short supply? A study published in the Cell Press journal Current
Biology on January 15 shows that stress is a major factor.
A drug that blocks stress hormones increases the ability of college students and mice to “feel” the
pain of a stranger, the study shows. That phenomenon, known as “emotional contagion of pain,” is
one form of empathy. In even better news, a shared round of the video game Rock Band worked just
as well as the drugs among those undergrads.
“We found what in some sense might be thought of as the ‘secret’ to empathy; that is, what prevents it
from occurring more often between strangers,” says Jeffrey Mogil of McGill University in Montreal.
“The secret is—quite simply—stress, and in particular the social stress of being in close proximity with
a stranger.”
Earlier studies had shown that mice and humans both have empathy for another’s pain, especially
when the individual in pain is someone they know. It was also clear from those studies that stress
levels rise in both mice and people when in the presence of a stranger.
To test for a direct connection between stress and empathy, Mogil and his colleagues treated male
mice with a stress hormone-blocker called metyrapone and watched their response to the pain of
other mice.
They found that the drug allowed greater empathy as mice began reacting to strangers in a manner
normally reserved for familiar cagemates. In other tests, the researchers found that when they put
mice under stress, the mice showed less empathy when their peers were in pain. In other words,
biochemical changes related to stress were preventing emotional contagion in the animals.
The researchers went on to test for signs of empathy in undergraduate students by pairing them with
either a friend or a stranger and having them rate the pain associated with holding a hand in ice
water. Again, undergrads treated with metyrapone showed a greater sense of empathy toward
strangers. After taking the drug, participants not only reported a greater experience of pain, but they
also showed more pained facial expressions and more often touched their own hands when
witnessing another’s pain.
This doesn’t mean that Mogil would recommend that anyone with the goal of becoming more
empathetic take a pill. There is an easier way: A simple psychosocial interaction—a game of Rock
Band—worked just as well as the drugs in boosting empathy toward another person, the researchers
report.
The findings are the first to suggest an important role for the stress axis in the brain and endocrine
system in modulating our response to other people, the researchers say. They also suggest that mice
and humans are surprisingly similar when it comes to social behaviors.
“It is quite intriguing indeed that this phenomenon appears to be identical in mice and humans,” Mogil
says. “First, it supports the notion that mice are capable of more complex social phenomena than is
commonly believed. Second, it suggests that human social phenomena might actually be simpler than
commonly believed, at least in terms of their organizing principles. This is an emerging theme of much
research currently ongoing in my lab; when it comes to social behavior, ‘mice are people too.’”
A game of Rock Band, anyone?
IMAGE CAPTION
The artwork represents two mice and two people looking at each other. Pain sensitivity was found to
be higher in dyads when the mice/people knew each other, or when they were strangers but stress
was reduced.
CREDIT
Loren Martin and Mona Lisa Chanda
USAGE RESTRICTIONS
Credit Required
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Current Biology, Martin et al.: "Reducing Social Stress Elicits Emotional Contagion of Pain in Mouse
and Human Strangers"
Current Biology, published by Cell Press, is a bimonthly journal that features papers in any area of
biology that have sufficient claim to be of general interest. A primary aim of the journal is to foster
communication across fields of biology, both by publishing important findings of general interest from
diverse fields and through highly accessible editorial articles that explicitly aim to inform nonspecialists. For more information on please visit http://www.cell.com/current-biology. To receive media
alerts for Current Biology, please contact press@cell.com.
###
If you're interested in receiving a copy of this paper, please email Joseph Caputo
at jcaputo@cell.com.
Author Contact:
Jeffrey S. Mogil
+1-514-398-6085
jeffrey.mogil@mcgill.ca
Media Contact:
Chris Chipello
Senior Communications Officer, Media Relations Office, McGill University
+1-514-398-4201
chris.chipello@mcgill.ca
Image Caption:
The artwork represents two mice and two people looking at each other. Pain sensitivity was found to
be higher in dyads when the mice/people knew each other, or when they were strangers but stress
was reduced. Credit: Loren Martin and Mona Lisa Chanda
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